The Wars of the Jews; Or, The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem — Chronicle
Ordered by year. Years come from what the text itself states — taken as written, never inferred; events with no stated year carry forward from the last anchor, marked “c.”. Every event links back to one sentence of the original.
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654 events · 3 carry a year stated nearby in the text · 92 carried forward (marked “c.”) · 558 come before the first dated anchor · 1 could not be dated from the text · all 559 are listed as undated
70 (59 events)
Chapters 95–103
Book VI, Chapter 6
Titus Sinran John (unresolved ch095)
If you throw down your arms, and deliver up your bodies to me, I grant you your lives;
Book VI, Chapter 6
Titus Sinran John (unresolved ch095)
That they could not accept of it, because they had sworn never to do so;
Book VI, Chapter 6
Titus Sinran John (unresolved ch095)
for that he would henceforth spare nobody, but fight them with his whole army;
Book VI, Chapter 6 · on the next day
on the next day they set fire to the repository of the archives, to Acra, to the council-house, and to the place called Ophlas;
Book VI, Chapter 7
Simon (unresolved ch096) Ardalas
whereupon he was brought before Simon; but he having nothing to say when he was there, he was delivered to Ardalas
Book VI, Chapter 7
who bound his hands behind him, and put a riband over his eyes, and then brought him out over against the Romans, as intending to cut off his head. But the man prevented that execution, and ran away to the Romans
Book VI, Chapter 7
Titus could not think of putting him to death; but because he deemed him unworthy of being a Roman soldier any longer, on account that he had been taken alive by the enemy, he took away his arms, and ejected him out of the legion whereto he had belonged
Book VI, Chapter 8 · on the twentieth day of the month Lous [Ab]
Now when Caesar perceived that the upper city was so steep that it could not possibly be taken without raising banks against it, he distributed the several parts of that work among his army, and this on the twentieth day of the month Lous [Ab].
Book VI, Chapter 8 · at this time
It was at this time that the commanders of the Idumeans got together privately, and took counsel about surrendering up themselves to the Romans. Accordingly, they sent five men to Titus, and entreated him to give them his right hand for their security.
Book VI, Chapter 8 · immediately
Simon (unresolved ch097) Jacob
Simon perceived it, and immediately slew the five men that had gone to Titus, and took their commanders, and put them in prison, of whom the most eminent was Jacob, the son of Sosas;
Book VI, Chapter 8
But of the populace above forty thousand were saved, whom Caesar let go whither every one of them pleased.
Book VI, Chapter 8
The treasurer of the temple also, whose name was Phineas, was seized on, and showed Titus the coats and girdles of the priests, with a great quantity of purple and scarlet
Book VI, Chapter 8 · on the seventh day of the month Gorpieus, [Elul,]
as soon as a part of the wall was battered down, and certain of the towers yielded to the impression of the battering rams, those that opposed themselves fled away, and such a terror fell upon the tyrants
Book VI, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · that eighth day of the month Gorpieus [Elul]
So the Romans being now become masters of the walls, they both placed their ensigns upon the towers, and made joyful acclamations for the victory they had gained
Book VI, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[upper city]]
he also let such go free as had been bound by the tyrants, and were left in the prisons.
Book VI, Chapter 9
when he entirely demolished the rest of the city, and overthrew its walls, he left these towers as a monument of his good fortune
Book VI, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[the temple]]
So this Fronto slew all those that had been seditious and robbers, who were impeached one by another; but of the young men he chose out the tallest and most beautiful, and reserved them for the triumph
Book VI, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[the temple]]
Now during the days wherein Fronto was distinguishing these men, there perished, for want of food, eleven thousand
Book VI, Chapter 9
but for Simon, he struggled hard with the distress he was in, still he was forced to surrender himself, as we shall relate hereafter; so he was reserved for the triumph, and to be then slain
Book VI, Chapter 9
As for John, he wanted food, together with his brethren, in these caverns, and begged that the Romans would now give him their right hand for his security, which he had often proudly rejected before; but for Simon, he struggled hard with the distress he was in, still he was forced to surrender himself, as we shall relate hereafter; so he was reserved for the triumph, and to be then slain; as was John condemned to perpetual imprisonment.
Book VII, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Caesar gave orders that they should now demolish the entire city and temple, but should leave as many of the towers standing as were of the greatest eminency
Book VII, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
He also put on their heads crowns of gold, and golden ornaments about their necks, and gave them long spears of gold, and ensigns that were made of silver, and removed every one of them to a higher rank
Book VII, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
but permitted the tenth legion to stay, as a guard at Jerusalem
Book VII, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Meletine]]
as he remembered that the twelfth legion had given way to the Jews, under Cestius their general, he expelled them out of all Syria
Book VII, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Cesarea]] · the winter season
there laid up the rest of his spoils in great quantities, and gave order that the captives should be kept there
Book VII, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · during the siege of Jerusalem
This Simon, during the siege of Jerusalem, was in the upper city; but when the Roman army was gotten within the walls, and were laying the city waste, he then took the most faithful of his friends with him, and among them some that were stone-cutters, with those iron tools which belonged to their occupation, and as great a quantity of provisions as would suffice them for a long time, and let himself and all them down into a certain subterraneous cavern that was not visible above ground.
Book VII, Chapter 2 · when they came to make the experiment
But when they came to make the experiment, they were disappointed of their hope; for the miners could make but small progress, and that with difficulty also; insomuch that their provisions, though they distributed them by measure, began to fail them.
Book VII, Chapter 2 · And now
And now Simon, thinking he might be able to astonish and elude the Romans, put on a white frock, and buttoned upon him a purple cloak, and appeared out of the ground in the place where the temple had formerly been.
Book VII, Chapter 2 · when they ran to call him
Simon son of Gioras Terentius Rufus Titus
Terentius Rufus 2 who was left to command the army there, came to Simon, and learned of him the whole truth, and kept him in bonds, and let Caesar know that he was taken.
Book VII, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Cesarea]] · when he was come back to that Cesarea which was on the seaside
But for Simon, he was brought to Caesar in bonds, when he was come back to that Cesarea which was on the seaside, who gave orders that he should be kept against that triumph which he was to celebrate at Rome upon this occasion.
Book VII, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Cesarea]] · While Titus was at Cesarea
While Titus was at Cesarea, he solemnized the birthday of his brother [Domitian] after a splendid manner, and inflicted a great deal of the punishment intended for the Jews in honor of him; for the number of those that were now slain in fighting with the beasts, and were burnt, and fought with one another, exceeded two thousand five hundred.
Book VII, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Berytus]] · After this
After this Caesar came to Berytus, 4 which is a city of Phoenicia, and a Roman colony, and staid there a longer time, and exhibited a still more pompous solemnity about his father's birthday, both in the magnificence of the shows, and in the other vast expenses he was at in his devices thereto belonging; so that a great multitude of the captives were here destroyed after the same manner as before.
Book VII, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Antiochus Epiphanes (Seleucid king)
for though Antiochus, who was called Epiphanes, laid Jerusalem waste, and spoiled the temple,
Book VII, Chapter 3 · already
for as to Cesennius Petus, the president of Syria, Vespasian had already sent him away; and so it happened that he was not yet come back thither.
Book VII, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Rome]] · And now
And this was the manner in which Rome so joyfully received Vespasian, and thence grew immediately into a state of great prosperity.
Book VII, Chapter 4 · before this time, and while Vespasian was about Alexandria, and Titus was lying at the siege of Jerusalem
Classicus Vitellius (German commander)
Classicus 6 also, and Vitellius, two of their commanders, puffed them up with such hopes. These had for a long time been openly desirous of such an innovation, and were induced by the present opportunity to venture upon the declaration of their sentiments; the multitude was also ready; and when these men told them of what they intended to attempt, that news was gladly received by them.
Book VII, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Britain]] · while Vespasian was about Alexandria, and Titus was lying at the siege of Jerusalem
Vespasian, as guided by Divine Providence, sent letters to Petilius Cerealis, who had formerly had the command of Germany, whereby he declared him to have the dignity of consul, and commanded him to take upon him the government of Britain
Book VII, Chapter 4 · when he was informed of the revolt of the Germans
so he went whither he was ordered to go, and when he was informed of the revolt of the Germans, he fell upon them as soon as they were gotten together, and put his army in battle-array, and slew a great number of them in the fight, and forced them to leave off their madness, and to grow wiser
Book VII, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Gaul]] · as soon as ever the news of their revolt was come to Rome
When therefore Domitian had settled all the affairs of Gaul in such good order, that it would not be easily put into disorder any more, he returned to Rome with honor and glory, as having performed such exploits as were above his own age, but worthy of so great a father.
Book VII, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Mysia]] · At the very same time with the forementioned revolt of the Germans
But when Vespasian was informed of what had happened, and how Mysia was laid waste, he sent away Rubrius Gallus to punish these Sarmatians
Book VII, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Mysia]]
So when this general had put an end to the war, he provided for the future security of the country also; for he placed more and more numerous garrisons in the place, till he made it altogether impossible for the barbarians to pass over the river any more.
Chapters 104–105
Book VII, Chapter 5 · 📍 [[Antioch]]
However, Titus would not grant that neither, but permitted the Jews of Antioch to continue to enjoy the very same privileges in that city which they had before
Book VII, Chapter 5 · 📍 [[Italy]]
Titus Simon (son of Giora) John (unresolved ch104)
as for the leaders of the captives, Simon and John, with the other seven hundred men, whom he had selected out of the rest as being eminently tall and handsome of body, he gave order that they should be soon carried to Italy, as resolving to produce them in his triumph.
Book VII, Chapter 5 · 📍 [[forum]]
Accordingly, when it was related that there was an end of him, and all the people had set up a shout for joy
Book VII, Chapter 5 · 📍 [[temple to Peace]] · After these triumphs were over
Vespasian resolved to build a temple to Peace, which was finished in so short a time, and in so glorious a manner, as was beyond all human expectation and opinion
Book VII, Chapter 5 · 📍 [[royal palace]]
he also laid up therein those golden vessels and instruments that were taken out of the Jewish temple, as ensigns of his glory. But still he gave order that they should lay up their Law, and the purple veils of the holy place, in the royal palace itself
Book VII, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Judea]]
Lucilius Bassus Cerealis Vitellianus
Now Lucilius Bassus was sent as legate into Judea, and there he received the army from Cerealis Vitellianus
Book VII, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Herodium]]
and took that citadel which was in Herodium, together with the garrison that was in it;
Book VII, Chapter 6 · 📍 Machaerus · on a certain time
Rufus (Egyptian Roman soldier) Eleazar (unresolved ch105)
Now a certain person belonging to the Roman camp, whose name was Rufus, by birth an Egyptian, ran upon him suddenly, when nobody expected such a thing, and carried him off, with his armor itself;
Book VII, Chapter 6 · 📍 Machaerus
Lucilius Bassus Eleazar (unresolved ch105)
So the general of the Romans ordered that he should be taken up naked, set before the city to be seen, and sorely whipped before their eyes.
Book VII, Chapter 6 · 📍 Machaerus
Eleazar (unresolved ch105) Lucilius Bassus
Accordingly, they sent out immediately certain messengers, and treated with the Romans, in order to a surrender of the citadel to them
Book VII, Chapter 6 · 📍 Machaerus
Lucilius Bassus Eleazar (unresolved ch105)
But as Bassus thought he must perform the covenant he had made with those that surrendered the citadel, he let them go, and restored Eleazar to them.
Book VII, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[the forest of Jarden]] · When Bassus had settled these affairs
but not one of the Jews escaped out of this battle, but they were all killed, being in the whole not fewer in number than three thousand, together with Judas, the son of Jairus, their general
Book VII, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Judea]] · About the same time
Titus Lucilius Bassus Liberius Maximus
About the same time it was that Caesar sent a letter to Bassus, and to Liberius Maximus, who was the procurator [of Judea], and gave order that all Judea should be exposed to sale
72 (36 events)
Book VII, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Commagene]] · the fourth year of the reign of Vespasian
Cesennius Petus Antiochus Aristobulus (unresolved ch106) Sohemus (king of Emesa)
Petus was accordingly believed, and had authority given him of doing what he should think proper in the case; so he set about it without delay, and fell upon Commagene before Antiochus and his people had the least expectation of his coming: he had with him the tenth legion, as also some cohorts and troops of horsemen. These kings also came to his assistance: Aristobulus, king of the country called Chalcidene, and Sohemus, who was called king of Emesa.
Book VII, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Samosate]]
Petus then sent some of his men to seize upon Samosate, and by their means took possession of that city, while he went himself to attack Antiochus with the rest of his army.
Book VII, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Cilicia]]
yet would not Antiochus, upon this conclusion of the fight, continue there by any means, but took his wife and his daughters, and fled away with them to Cilicia, and by so doing quite discouraged the minds of his own soldiers. Accordingly, they revolted, and went over to the Romans
Book VII, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Parthia]]
Epiphanes Callinicus Vologeses
It was therefore necessary that Epiphanes and his soldiers should get clear of their enemies before they became entirely destitute of any confederates; nor were there any more than ten horsemen with him, who passed with him over Euphrates, whence they went undisturbed to Vologeses, the king of Parthia
Book VII, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Lacedemon]]
Accordingly, he gave orders that they should take off his bonds, while he was still upon the road, and that he should not come to Rome, but should now go and live at Lacedemon; he also gave him large revenues, that he might not only live in plenty, but like a king also.
Book VII, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Media]] · about this time
for Paeorus, the king of the country, had fled away for fear into places where they could not easily come at him, and had yielded up every thing he had to them, and had only saved his wife and his concubines from them, and that with difficulty also, after they had been made captives, by giving them a hundred talents for their ransom.
Book VII, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Armenia]] · about this time
Now Tiridates was king of that country, who met them, and fought them, but had like to have been taken alive in the battle: for a certain man threw a net over him from a great distance, and had soon drawn him to him, unless he had immediately cut the cord with his sword, and ran away, and prevented it. So the Alans, being still more provoked by this sight, laid waste the country
Book VII, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Judea]] · When Bassus was dead in Judea
When Bassus was dead in Judea, Flavius Silva succeeded him as procurator there;
Book VII, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Masada]]
all which Eleazar found there, when he and his Sicarii got possession of the fortress by treachery.
Book VII, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Masada]] · For now
Flavius Silva Eleazar (unresolved ch107)
For now it was that the Roman general came, and led his army against Eleazar and those Sicarii who held the fortress Masada together with him;
Book VII, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Masada]] · after which
Jonathan (builder of Masada) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
after which the rebuilding of this place employed the care of king Herod to a great degree;
Book VII, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Judea]]
Cleopatra Antony Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
who did not conceal her intentions, but spoke often to Antony, and desired him to cut off Herod, and entreated him to bestow the kingdom of Judea upon her.
Book VII, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Masada]] · on a sudden
Flavius Silva Eleazar (unresolved ch107)
So the Romans, having now assistance from God, returned to their camp with joy, and resolved to attack their enemies the very next day;
Book VII, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Masada]] · when he saw their wall burned down by the fire
he consulted about having them all slain.
Book VII, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Masada]] · When Eleazar saw these people in such fear
Yet did not the opinions of all the auditors acquiesce therein;
Book VII, Chapter 9 · the fifteenth day of the month Xanthicus [Nisan]
the men their wives their children
Nor was there at length any one of these men found that scrupled to act their part in this terrible execution, but every one of them despatched his dearest relations.
Book VII, Chapter 9
ten men the rest
They then chose ten men by lot out of them to slay all the rest;
Book VII, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[palace]]
the last of all the nine
and when he perceived that they were all slain, he set fire to the palace, and with the great force of his hand ran his sword entirely through himself, and fell down dead near to his own relations.
Book VII, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[caverns under ground]]
the ancient woman another who was of kin to Eleazar five children
Yet was there an ancient woman, and another who was of kin to Eleazar, and superior to most women in prudence and learning, with five children, who had concealed themselves in caverns under ground
Book VII, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[fortress]] · in the morning
the women the Romans
the women heard this noise, and came out of their under-ground cavern, and informed the Romans what had been done, as it was done;
Book VII, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[palace]] · in the morning
the Romans the slain
they came within the palace, and so met with the multitude of the slain
Book VII, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
So Ptolemy complied with his proposals, and gave him a place one hundred and eighty furlongs distant from Memphis.
Book VII, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Nomos of Hellopolis]]
That Nomos was called the Nomos of Hellopolis, where Onias built a fortress and a temple, not like to that at Jerusalem, but such as resembled a tower.
Book VII, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Onion]]
came to the temple, and carried out of it some of the donations dedicated thereto, and shut up the temple itself.
Book VII, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Onion]]
This man left none of those donations there, and threatened the priests severely if they did not bring them all out; nor did he permit any who were desirous of worshipping God there so much as to come near the whole sacred place
Book VII, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Cyrene]]
Jonathan (Cyrenian rebel) Catullus
So he sent out after him both horsemen and footmen, and easily overcame them, because they were unarmed men; of these many were slain in the fight, but some were taken alive, and brought to Catullus. As for Jonathan, the head of this plot, he fled away at that time; but upon a great and very diligent search, which was made all the country over for him, he was at last taken.
Book VII, Chapter 11
Jonathan (Cyrenian rebel) Catullus
for he falsely accused the richest men among the Jews, and said that they had put him upon what he did.
Book VII, Chapter 11
Alexander (unresolved ch110) Bernice (unresolved ch110) Catullus
These two Catullus ordered to be slain in the first place
Book VII, Chapter 11
he caused all the rich and wealthy Jews to be slain, being no fewer in all than three thousand.
Book VII, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Alexandria]]
Josephus Jonathan (Cyrenian rebel) Catullus
One of these, against whom this treacherous accusation was laid, was Josephus, the writer of these books.
Book VII, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Vespasian Titus Josephus Jonathan (Cyrenian rebel)
And when he understood that the accusation laid against the Jews was an unjust one, he cleared them of the crimes charged upon them, and this on account of Titus's concern about the matter, and brought a deserved punishment upon Jonathan
Book VII, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Rome]]
for he was first tormented, and then burnt alive.
Book VII, Chapter 11 · not long before
yet was it not long before he fell into a complicated and almost incurable distemper, and died miserably.
Undated
Book I, Chapter 1
Antiochus Epiphanes (Seleucid king)
the king being thereto disposed beforehand, complied with them, and came upon the Jews with a great army, and took their city by force, and slew a great multitude of those that favored Ptolemy, and sent out his soldiers to plunder them without mercy. He also spoiled the temple
Book I, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Modin]]
Matthias (son of Asamoneus) Bacchides
Accordingly Matthias, the son of Asamoneus, one of the priests who lived in a village called Modin, armed himself, together with his own family, which had five sons of his in it, and slew Bacchides with daggers; and thereupon, out of the fear of the many garrisons [of the enemy], he fled to the mountains; and so many of the people followed him, that he was encouraged to come down from the mountains, and to give battle to Antiochus's generals, when he beat them, and drove them out of Judea. So he came to the government by this his success, and became the prince of his own people by their own free consent
Book I, Chapter 1
Matthias (son of Asamoneus) Judas (son of Matthias)
and then died, leaving the government to Judas, his eldest son.
Book I, Chapter 1
He then got the temple under his power, and cleansed the whole place, and walled it round about, and made new vessels for sacred ministrations, and brought them into the temple, because the former vessels had been profaned. He also built another altar, and began to offer the sacrifices
Book I, Chapter 1
Antiochus Epiphanes (Seleucid king) Antiochus
Antiochus died; whose son Antiochus succeeded him in the kingdom, and in his hatred to the Jews also.
Book I, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Bethzacharis]]
he ran his weapon into the belly of the beast, and brought him down upon himself, and was crushed to death
Book I, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Adasa]] · after the king was departed
and being too hard for his enemies in the battle, and killing a great number of them, he was at last himself slain also.
Book I, Chapter 1 · Nor was it many days afterward
Nor was it many days afterward that his brother John had a plot laid against him by Antiochus's party, and was slain by them.
Book I, Chapter 2 · after one hundred and seventy years of the empire [of Seleucus]
he was made high priest, and also freed the Jews from the dominion of the Macedonians, after one hundred and seventy years of the empire [of Seleucus].
Book I, Chapter 2
Simon (brother of Jonathan) Ptolemy Lathyrus
This Simon also had a plot laid against him, and was slain at a feast by his son-in-law Ptolemy
Book I, Chapter 2 · On this year
Ptolemy Lathyrus John Hyrcanus Zeno Cotylas
Ptolemy was freed from being besieged, and slew the brethren of John, with their mother, and fled to Zeno, who was also called Cotylas, who was tyrant of Philadelphia.
Book I, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
and induced Antiochus, by the promise of three thousand talents, to raise the siege.
Book I, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Samaria]]
Aristobulus (son of John Hyrcanus) Antigonus (son of John Hyrcanus) Antiochus Cyzicenus
when they had taken the city, they demolished it, and made slaves of its inhabitants.
Book I, Chapter 2
So John lived the rest of his life very happily, and administered the government after a most extraordinary manner, and this for thirty-three entire years together. He died, leaving five sons behind him.
Book I, Chapter 3 · four hundred seventy and one years and three months after our people came down into this country
Aristobulus (unresolved ch003)
changed the government into a kingdom, and was the first that put a diadem upon his head
Book I, Chapter 3
Aristobulus (unresolved ch003)
but for the rest, he bound them, and put them in prison. He also put his mother in bonds, for her contesting the government with him
Book I, Chapter 3
Aristobulus (unresolved ch003)
He also proceeded to that degree of barbarity as to cause her to be pined to death in prison.
Book I, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Strato's Tower]]
Aristobulus (unresolved ch003) Antigonus (son of John Hyrcanus)
but when he was going along that dark passage which was called Strato's Tower, he was slain by the body guards
Book I, Chapter 3 · Hereupon
Aristobulus (unresolved ch003)
Hereupon Aristobulus repented of the great crime he had been guilty of, and this gave occasion to the increase of his distemper.
Book I, Chapter 3 · As soon as he had said these words
Aristobulus (unresolved ch003)
As soon as he had said these words, he presently died, when he had reigned no longer than a year.
Book I, Chapter 4
slew one of his brethren, as affecting to govern himself
Book I, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Golan]]
Alexander (unresolved ch004) Obodas
when he fought with Obodas, king of the Arabians, who had laid an ambush for him near Golan, and a plot against him, he lost his entire army
Book I, Chapter 4
Alexander (unresolved ch004) Demetrius Eucerus
In which battle Demetrius was the conqueror
Book I, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · the very next night
when he had ordered eight hundred to be hung upon crosses in the midst of the city, he had the throats of their wives and children cut before their eyes; and these executions he saw as he was drinking and lying down with his concubines. Upon which so deep a surprise seized on the people, that eight thousand of his opposers fled away the very next night, out of all Judea
Book I, Chapter 4
but when he fell, for he was in the forefront, in the utmost danger, in rallying his troops, they all gave ground
Book I, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Celesyria]] · About this time
Aretas (king of Celesyria) Alexander (unresolved ch004)
invited Aretas [to take the government], and made him king of Celesyria. This man also made an expedition against Judea, and beat Alexander in battle
Book I, Chapter 4
He died, therefore, in the midst of his troubles, after he had reigned seven and twenty years
Book I, Chapter 5
Alexander (unresolved ch005) Alexandra
Now Alexander left the kingdom to Alexandra his wife
Book I, Chapter 5
Alexandra Hyrcanus (son of Alexander and Alexandra)
she made Hyrcanus the elder high priest
Book I, Chapter 5 · 📍 [[Damascus]]
she got possession of it; nor did it make any considerable resistance
Book I, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[the temple]]
Aristobulus (unresolved ch006) Hyrcanus (unresolved ch006)
that Aristobulus should be king, and Hyrcanus should resign that up, but retain all the rest of his dignities, as being the king's brother. Hereupon they were reconciled to each other in the temple
Book I, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Petra]] · by night
Hyrcanus (unresolved ch006) Antipater (unresolved ch006) Aretas (king of Arabia)
he took Hyrcanus by night, and ran away from the city, and, continuing his flight with great swiftness, he escaped to the place called Petra, which is the royal seat of the king of Arabia, where he put Hyrcanus into Aretas's hand; and by discoursing much with him, and gaining upon him with many presents, he prevailed with him to give him an army that might restore him to his kingdom.
Book I, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Scaurus Aretas (king of Arabia) Aristobulus (unresolved ch006)
Aristobulus was not able to make resistance, but was deserted in his first onset, and was driven to Jerusalem; he also had been taken at first by force, if Scaurus, the Roman general, had not come and seasonably interposed himself, and raised the siege.
Book I, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Papyron]]
Aristobulus (unresolved ch006) Phalion
and fought them at a place called Papyron, and slew about six thousand of them, and, together with them Antipater's brother Phalion.
Book I, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Corea]]
Pompey Aristobulus (unresolved ch006) Hyrcanus (unresolved ch006) Antipater (unresolved ch006)
so he took not only his Roman forces, but many of his Syrian auxiliaries, and marched against Aristobulus.
Book I, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Alexandrium]]
Pompey Aristobulus (unresolved ch006)
However, Pompey commanded him to give up his fortified places, and forced him to write to every one of their governors to yield them up
Book I, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Aristobulus (unresolved ch006) Pompey
Accordingly he did what he was ordered to do; but had still an indignation at what was done, and retired to Jerusalem, and prepared to fight with Pompey.
Book I, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Aristobulus (unresolved ch006) Gabinius
He also promised him money, and that he would deliver up both himself and the city into his disposal, and thereby mitigated the anger of Pompey. Yet did not he perform any of the conditions he had agreed to; for Aristobulus's party would not so much as admit Gabinius into the city
Book I, Chapter 7
Pompey Aristobulus (son of Alexander and Alexandra)
At this treatment Pompey was very angry, and took Aristobulus into custody.
Book I, Chapter 7
Aristobulus (son of Alexander and Alexandra) Hyrcanus (unresolved ch007) Pompey
So Aristobulus's party was worsted, and retired into the temple, and cut off the communication between the temple and the city, by breaking down the bridge that joined them together, and prepared to make an opposition to the utmost; but as the others had received the Romans into the city, and had delivered up the palace to him
Book I, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[temple]] · in the third month of the siege
for it was in the third month of the siege before the Romans could even with great difficulty overthrow one of the towers, and get into the temple. Now he that first of all ventured to get over the wall, was Faustus Cornelius the son of Sylla;
Book I, Chapter 7 · the very next day after he had taken it
Pompey Hyrcanus (unresolved ch007)
Moreover, he made Hyrcanus high priest
Book I, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
and laid a tribute upon the country, and upon Jerusalem itself.
Book I, Chapter 7 · as he was going
Alexander (son of Aristobulus)
the one of which sons, Alexander, ran away as he was going
Book I, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Pompey Aristobulus (son of Alexander and Alexandra) Antigonus (son of Aristobulus)
having Aristobulus and his children along with him as his captives. They were two daughters and two sons; the one of which sons, Alexander, ran away as he was going; but the younger, Antigonus, with his sisters, were carried to Rome.
Book I, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Arabia]]
Scaurus Aretas (king of Arabia) Antipater
The king of Arabia complied with the proposal, and gave him three hundred talents; upon which Scaurus drew his army out of Arabia
Book I, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Alexander (son of Aristobulus) Gabinius Marcus Antonius Antipater Malichus (Jewish commander) Pitholaus
But when he was come near to Jerusalem, he was forced to fight, and lost six thousand men in the battle; three thousand of which fell down dead, and three thousand were taken alive; so he fled with the remainder to Alexandrium.
Book I, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Alexandrium]]
Alexander (son of Aristobulus) Gabinius
So when Alexander despaired of ever obtaining the government, he sent ambassadors to him, and prayed him to forgive what he had offended him in, and gave up to him the remaining fortresses, Hyrcanium and Machaerus, as he put Alexandrium into his hands afterwards; all which Gabinius demolished
Book I, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · After this
Gabinius Hyrcanus (unresolved ch008)
After this Gabinius brought Hyrcanus to Jerusalem, and committed the care of the temple to him; but ordained the other political government to be by an aristocracy.
Book I, Chapter 8 · 📍 Machaerus
Aristobulus (son of Alexander and Alexandra) Antigonus (son of Aristobulus) Gabinius
But the Romans falling upon him, he resisted, even beyond his abilities, for two days, and then was taken, and brought a prisoner to Gabinius, with Antigonus his son, who had fled away together with him from Rome; and from Gabinius he was carried to Rome again.
Book I, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Mount Tabor]]
Alexander (son of Aristobulus) Gabinius
Accordingly, Gabinius went out to fight, when the Jews met him; and as the battle was fought near Mount Tabor, ten thousand of them were slain, and the rest of the multitude dispersed themselves, and fled away.
Book I, Chapter 8
He took away all the rest of the gold belonging to the temple of Jerusalem, in order to furnish himself for his expedition against the Parthians. He also took away the two thousand talents which Pompey had not touched; but when he had passed over Euphrates, he perished himself, and his army with him
Book I, Chapter 8
Antipater Cypros (wife of Antipater) Phasaelus (son of Antipater and Cypros) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Joseph (son of Antipater and Cypros) Pheroras Salome (sister of Herod)
Now this Antipater married a wife of an eminent family among the Arabisus, whose name was Cypros, and had four sons born to him by her, Phasaelus and Herod, who was afterwards king, and, besides these, Joseph and Pheroras; and he had a daughter whose name was Salome.
Book I, Chapter 9
Caesar (murdered ruler) Aristobulus (son of Alexander and Alexandra)
Caesar got Rome and the empire under his power, and released Aristobulus from his bonds. He also committed two legions to him, and sent him in haste into Syria
Book I, Chapter 9
Aristobulus (son of Alexander and Alexandra)
for he was taken off by poison given him by those of Pompey's party; and, for a long while, he had not so much as a burial vouchsafed him in his own country
Book I, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Antioch]]
Alexander (son of Aristobulus) Scipio Pompey
His son Alexander also was beheaded by Scipio at Antioch, and that by the command of Pompey
Book I, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Ascalon]]
Philippio Alexandra Ptolemy Lathyrus
falling in love with the younger daughter, he married her, and was afterwards slain by his father on her account; for Ptolemy himself, after he had slain his son, married her, whose name was Alexandra
Book I, Chapter 9 · after Pompey was dead
Antipater (unresolved ch009) Caesar (murdered ruler)
Now, after Pompey was dead, Antipater changed sides, and cultivated a friendship with Caesar.
Book I, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Pelusium]]
Mithridates of Pergamus Antipater (unresolved ch009)
Thus was Pelusium taken.
Book I, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Syria]] · when Caesar had settled the affairs of Egypt, and was returning into Syria again
Caesar (murdered ruler) Antipater (unresolved ch009)
he gave him the privilege of a Roman citizen, and freedom from taxes
Book I, Chapter 9 · when Caesar had settled the affairs of Egypt, and was returning into Syria again
Caesar (murdered ruler) Hyrcanus (unresolved ch009)
On this account it was that he also confirmed Hyrcanus in the high priesthood.
Book I, Chapter 10 · When Caesar heard this
Caesar (murdered ruler) Hyrcanus (unresolved ch010) Antipater
When Caesar heard this, he declared Hyrcanus to be the most worthy of the high priesthood, and gave leave to Antipater to choose what authority he pleased; but he left the determination of such dignity to him that bestowed the dignity upon him; so he was constituted procurator of all Judea, and obtained leave, moreover, to rebuild 12 those walls of his country that had been thrown down.
Book I, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Jerusalem and Galilee]]
Antipater Phasaelus (son of Antipater and Cypros) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
So he constituted his eldest son, Phasaelus, governor of Jerusalem, and of the parts about it; he also sent his next son, Herod, who was very young, 13 with equal authority into Galilee.
Book I, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Syria]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Hezekias
As therefore he found that Hezekias, the head of the robbers, ran over the neighboring parts of Syria with a great band of men, he caught him and slew him, and many more of the robbers with him;
Book I, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · Accordingly
Sextus Caesar Hyrcanus (unresolved ch010) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
so he sent some to denounce expressly to Hyrcanus that he should acquit Herod of the capital charge against him; who acquitted him accordingly, as being otherwise inclined also so to do, for he loved Herod.
Book I, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Coelesyria and Samaria]] · And now
Sextus Caesar Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
And now, since Herod was made general of Coelesyria and Samaria by Sextus Caesar, he was formidable, not only from the good-will which the nation bore him, but by the power he himself had;
Book I, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · as soon as Antipater had conducted Caesar out of Syria
But as soon as Antipater had conducted Caesar out of Syria he returned to Judea, and the first thing he did was to rebuild that wall of his own country [Jerusalem] which Pompey had overthrown,
Book I, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Apamia]] · In the mean time
Cecilius Bassus Sextus Caesar Pompey
there was a disturbance among the Romans about Apamia, and a civil war occasioned by the treacherous slaughter of Sextus Caesar, by Cecilius Bassus, which he perpetrated out of his good-will to Pompey; he also took the authority over his forces;
Book I, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Italy]] · as this war grew to be of a considerable length
and as this war grew to be of a considerable length, Marcus came out of Italy as successor to Sextus.
Book I, Chapter 11 · at this time
Caesar (murdered ruler) Cassius Brutus
the sudden and treacherous slaughter of Caesar by Cassius and Brutus, after he had held the government for three years and seven months.
Book I, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Apamia]]
Cassius Bassus (Roman officer in ch011) Marcus
Accordingly, Cassius came into Syria, in order to receive the forces that were at Apamia, where he procured a reconciliation between Bassus and Marcus, and the legions which were at difference with him; so he raised the siege of Apamia, and took upon him the command of the army
Book I, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Syria]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Cassius
they then made him procurator of all Syria, and gave him an army of foot and horse.
Book I, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Judea]] · after the war was over
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Cassius
Cassius promised him also, that after the war was over, he would make him king of Judea.
Book I, Chapter 11
Antipater Malichus (Jewish commander)
he corrupted one of the king's cup-bearers with money to give a poisoned potion to Antipater; so he became a sacrifice to Malichus's wickedness, and died at a feast.
Book I, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[Masada]] · as soon as he was recovered
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Felix
Now Herod happened then to be with Fabius, the governor of Damascus, and as he was going to his brother's assistance, he was detained by sickness; in the mean time, Phasaelus was by himself too hard for Felix
Book I, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Marion
he also drove away Marion, the tyrant of the Tyrians, out of Galilee, when he had already possessed himself of three fortified places; but as to those Tyrians whom he had caught, he preserved them all alive;
Book I, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[Judea]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antigonus (son of Aristobulus)
When Herod had fought against these in the avenues of Judea, he was conqueror in the battle, and drove away Antigonus
Book I, Chapter 12
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Mariamne (daughter of Alexander son of Aristobulus)
so did he now marry Mariamne, the daughter of Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, and the granddaughter of Hyrcanus, and was become thereby a relation of the king.
Book I, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[Judea]]
Antony Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Phasaelus (unresolved ch012)
so he constituted the brethren tetrarchs, and committed to them the government of Judea.
Book I, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[Daphne by Antioch]] · after this
on which occasion a still greater tumult arose at Jerusalem; so they sent again a thousand ambassadors to Tyre, where Antony now abode, as he was marching to Jerusalem;
Book I, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
and so provoked Antony, that he slew those whom he had in bonds also.
Book I, Chapter 13 · two years afterward
Antigonus (son of Aristobulus) Hyrcanus (unresolved ch013)
he prevailed with the governor, by a promise of a thousand talents, and five hundred women, to bring back Antigonus to his kingdom, and to turn Hyrcanus out of it.
Book I, Chapter 13
Phasaelus (unresolved ch013) Hyrcanus (unresolved ch013)
those Parthians who were left, and had it in charge, seized upon Phasaelus and Hyrcanus
Book I, Chapter 13 · 📍 [[Masada]] · by night
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
Herod prevented them, and went off with the persons that were the most nearly related to him by night, and this without their enemies being apprized of it. But as soon as the Parthians perceived it, they pursued after them; and as he gave orders for his mother, and sister, and the young woman who was betrothed to him, with her mother, and his youngest brother, to make the best of their way, he himself, with his servants, took all the care they could to keep off the barbarians; and when at every assault he had slain a great many of them, he came to the strong hold of Masada.
Book I, Chapter 13
Antigonus (son of Aristobulus) Hyrcanus (unresolved ch013)
Antigonus himself also bit off Hyrcanus's ears with his own teeth
Book I, Chapter 13 · before he expired
Phasaelus (unresolved ch013) Antigonus (son of Aristobulus)
he prevented all abuses by dashing his head against a stone; so he demonstrated himself to be Herod's own brother, and Hyrcanus a most degenerate relation, and died with great bravery
Book I, Chapter 13 · 📍 [[Parthia]]
took away Hyrcanus, and bound him, and carried him to Parthia.
Book I, Chapter 14
Phasaelus (son of Antipater and Cypros)
and since Phasaelus was dead, Herod's brotherly love was now in vain.
Book I, Chapter 14 · 📍 [[Arabia]] · immediately
Malichus (king of Arabia) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
their king, Malichus, sent to him immediately, and commanded him to return back out of his country
Book I, Chapter 14 · 📍 [[Alexandria]]
Cleopatra Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
he was received by Cleopatra with great splendor, who hoped he might be persuaded to be commander of her forces in the expedition she was now about; but he rejected the queen's solicitations
Book I, Chapter 14 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Antony Augustus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antigonus (son of Aristobulus)
so they all gave their votes for it.
Book I, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · In the mean time
Ventidius Antigonus (son of Aristobulus) Silo
but in reality to get money of Antigonus; and when he had pitched his camp very near to Jerusalem, as soon as he had got money enough, he went away with the greatest part of his forces; yet still did he leave Silo with some part of them
Book I, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Ptolemais]] · Now by this time
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antigonus (son of Aristobulus)
Now by this time Herod had sailed out of Italy, and was come to Ptolemais; and as soon as he had gotten together no small army of foreigners, and of his own countrymen, he marched through Galilee against Antigonus
Book I, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Joppa]] · After this
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
After this Herod took Joppa, and then made haste to Masada to free his relations.
Book I, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Silo
where the soldiers that were with Silo joined themselves to his own, as did many out of the city, from a dread of his power.
Book I, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · And here
And here it was that Silo discovered he had taken bribes; for he set many of the soldiers to clamor about their want of necessaries
Book I, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Jericho]] · When he came
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
Yet was Herod not idle, but took with him ten cohorts, five of them were Romans, and five were Jewish cohorts, together with some mercenary troops intermixed among them, and besides those a few horsemen, and came to Jericho; and when he came, he found the city deserted, but that there were five hundred men, with their wives and children, who had taken possession of the tops of the mountains; these he took, and dismissed them, while the Romans fell upon the rest of the city, and plundered it
Book I, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Lydda]]
Antigonus (son of Aristobulus) Silo Antony
Antigonus also by bribes obtained of Silo to let a part of his army be received at Lydda, as a compliment to Antonius.
Book I, Chapter 16 · 📍 [[Idumea]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
Herod did not lie at rest, but seized upon Idumea, and kept it, with two thousand footmen, and four hundred horsemen;
Book I, Chapter 16 · 📍 Sepphoris · in a very great snow
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
But when Herod had reached Sepphoris, 23 in a very great snow, he took the city without any difficulty;
Book I, Chapter 16 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
But Herod followed them, and slew them as he followed them, and destroyed a great part of them, till those that remained were scattered beyond the river [Jordan;] and Galilee was freed from the terrors they had been under
Book I, Chapter 16 · 📍 [[the caves]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
By this means Herod subdued these caves, and the robbers that were in them.
Book I, Chapter 16 · upon his departure
fell unexpectedly upon Ptolemy, the general of his forces, and slew him;
Book I, Chapter 16 · when Herod was informed of this insurrection
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
he came to the assistance of the country immediately, and destroyed a great number of the seditions, and raised the sieges of all those fortresses they had besieged; he also exacted the tribute of a hundred talents of his enemies
Book I, Chapter 16
Antigonus (son of Aristobulus) Machaerus
But Antigonus perceived what his intentions were beforehand, and excluded him out of the city, and defended himself against him as against an enemy, from the walls;
Book I, Chapter 16 · 📍 [[Samosata]] · when he came
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antony Antiochus
Indeed, when he came, he soon made an end of that siege, and slew a great number of the barbarians, and took from them a large prey; insomuch that Antony, who admired his courage formerly, did now admire it still more. Accordingly, he heaped many more honors upon him, and gave him more assured hopes that he should gain his kingdom; and now king Antiochus was forced to deliver up Samosata.
Book I, Chapter 17
he was both killed himself, as he was very bravely fighting in the battle, and the entire Roman cohorts were destroyed;
Book I, Chapter 17
Antigonus (son of Aristobulus) Joseph (unresolved ch017) Pheroras
he cut off his head, although his brother Pheroras would have given fifty talents as a price of redemption for it.
Book I, Chapter 17 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
Antigonus (son of Aristobulus) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
those of Antigonus's party brought the principal men that were on Herod's side to the lake, and there drowned them.
Book I, Chapter 17 · 📍 [[Judea]] · soon after
Sosius Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
Sosius sent two legions before him into Judea to assist Herod, and followed himself soon after with the rest of his army.
Book I, Chapter 17
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Pappus
so that a great slaughter was made, while some were forced back into that village whence they came out;
Book I, Chapter 17 · on the next day
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Pappus
on the next day Herod had Pappus's head cut off, who was the general for Antigonus, and was slain in the battle, and sent it to his brother Pheroras
Book I, Chapter 17 · 📍 [[Samaria]] · during the siege of the city
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Mariamne (daughter of Alexander son of Aristobulus)
But he went himself to Samaria, to take the daughter of Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, to wife, who had been betrothed to him before
Book I, Chapter 17 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · When he had thus married Mariamne
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Sosius
Sosius also joined him with a large army, both of horsemen and footmen
Book I, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · after five months
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Sosius
some of Herod's chosen men ventured to get upon the wall, and fell into the city, as did Sosius's centurions after them; and now they first of all seized upon what was about the temple; and upon the pouring in of the army, there was slaughter of vast multitudes every where
Book I, Chapter 18 · then
Antigonus (son of Aristobulus) Sosius
Then it was that Antigonus, without any regard to his former or to his present fortune, came down from the citadel, and fell at Sosius's feet, who without pitying him at all, upon the change of his condition, laughed at him beyond measure, and called him Antigona. 26 Yet did he not treat him like a woman, or let him go free, but put him into bonds, and kept him in custody.
Book I, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · then
Sosius Antigonus (son of Aristobulus) Antony
Hereupon Sosius dedicated a crown of gold to God, and then went away from Jerusalem, leading Antigonus away in bonds to Antony; then did the axe bring him to his end
Book I, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · Hereupon
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antigonus (son of Aristobulus)
Hereupon king Herod distinguished the multitude that was in the city; and for those that were of his side, he made them still more his friends by the honors he conferred on them; but for those of Antigonus's party, he slew them
Book I, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Jericho]] · now
Antony Cleopatra Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
He also took away a great deal of their country; nay, even the plantation of palm trees at Jericho, where also grows the balsam tree, and bestowed them upon her
Book I, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Judea]] · after this
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Cleopatra
He also hired of her those places that had been torn away from his kingdom, at the yearly rent of two hundred talents.
Book I, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Euphrates]] · not long after this
Antony Artabazes Cleopatra Tigranes
Now it was not long after this that Antony was come back from Parthia, and led with him Artabazes, Tigranes's son, captive, as a present for Cleopatra; for this Parthian was presently given her, with his money, and all the prey that was taken with him.
Book I, Chapter 19 · when the war about Actium was begun
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antony Cleopatra
However, he was cunningly hindered from partaking of the hazards that Antony went through by Cleopatra; for since, as we have already noted, she had laid a plot against the kings [of Judea and Arabia], she prevailed with Antony to commit the war against the Arabians to Herod
Book I, Chapter 19 · 📍 [[Kanatha]] · After which defeat
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Athenio
while Athenio, who was one of Cleopatra's generals, and always an antagonist to Herod, sent out of Kanatha the men of that country against him; for, upon this fresh onset, the Arabians took courage, and returned back, and both joined their numerous forces about stony places, that were hard to be gone over, and there put Herod's men to the rout, and made a great slaughter of them; but those that escaped out of the battle fled to Ormiza, where the Arabians surrounded their camp, and took it, with all the men in it.
Book I, Chapter 19 · in the seventh 29 year of his reign, when the war about Actium was at the height, at the beginning of the spring
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
the earth was shaken, and destroyed an immense number of cattle, with thirty thousand men; but the army received no harm, because it lay in the open air.
Book I, Chapter 19 · 📍 [[Judea]] · Upon this supposal
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
they first sacrificed those ambassadors who were come to them from the Jews, and then marched into Judea immediately.
Book I, Chapter 19 · 📍 [[Philadelphia]] · after that sacrifice
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Elthemus
so Herod came upon them, and pulled their fortification to pieces, by which means they were compelled to come out to fight, which they did in disorder, and so that the horsemen and foot-men were mixed together.
Book I, Chapter 19 · 📍 [[Philadelphia]] · in five days' time
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Elthemus
till in five days' time four thousand of them were put into bonds; and on the sixth day the multitude that were left despaired of saving themselves, and came out to fight: with these Herod fought, and slew again about seven thousand, insomuch that he punished Arabia so severely, and so far extinguished the spirits of the men, that he was chosen by the nation for their ruler.
Book I, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Rhodes]]
Augustus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
When Caesar had spoken such obliging things to the king, and had put the diadem again about his head, he proclaimed what he had bestowed on him by a decree
Book I, Chapter 20
Augustus Alexander (unresolved ch020)
But Caesar's anger against him prevailed, and he complained of the many and very great offenses the man whom he petitioned for had been guilty of; and by that means he rejected his petition.
Book I, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Gaza]]
Augustus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
he did not only bestow other marks of honor upon him, but made an addition to his kingdom, by giving him not only the country which had been taken from him by Cleopatra, but besides that, Gadara, and Hippos, and Samaria; and moreover, of the maritime cities, Gaza 31 and Anthedon, and Joppa, and Strato's Tower.
Book I, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Trachonitis]]
Augustus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
Caesar did also afterward bestow it on Herod, that it might not again become a receptacle for those robbers that had come against Damascus.
Book I, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Syria]] · on the tenth year afterward
Augustus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
He also made him a procurator of all Syria, and this on the tenth year afterward, when he came again into that province; and this was so established, that the other procurators could not do any thing in the administration without his advice
Book I, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Trachonitis]]
Augustus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Zenodorus
but when Zenodorus was dead, Caesar bestowed on him all that land which lay between Trachonitis and Galilee.
Book I, Chapter 21 · in the fifteenth year of his reign
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
Accordingly, in the fifteenth year of his reign, Herod rebuilt the temple, and encompassed a piece of land about it with a wall, which land was twice as large as that before enclosed.
Book I, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Samaria]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Augustus
when he had built a most beautiful wall round a country in Samaria, twenty furlongs long, and had brought six thousand inhabitants into it, and had allotted to it a most fruitful piece of land, and in the midst of this city, thus built, had erected a very large temple to Caesar, and had laid round about it a portion of sacred land of three furlongs and a half, he called the city Sebaste
Book I, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Panium]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Augustus
And when Caesar had further bestowed upon him another additional country, he built there also a temple of white marble, hard by the fountains of Jordan: the place is called Panium
Book I, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Strato's Tower]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
he rebuilt it all with white stone, and adorned it with several most splendid palaces, wherein he especially demonstrated his magnanimity
Book I, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Anthedon]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Agrippa (friend of Caesar)
He also rebuilt Anthedon, a city that lay on the coast, and had been demolished in the wars, and named it Agrippeum.
Book I, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Phasaelus (unresolved ch021)
Moreover, he dedicated a tower that was at Jerusalem, and called it by the name of his brother Phasaelus
Book I, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Herodium]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
but built a fortress upon a mountain towards Arabia, and named it from himself, Herodium
Book I, Chapter 22 · when he came to the government
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Doris Mariamne (daughter of Alexander son of Aristobulus)
when he came to the government, he sent away her whom he had before married when he was a private person, and who was born at Jerusalem, whose name was Doris, and married Mariamne, the daughter of Alexander, the son of Aristobulus
Book I, Chapter 22 · After this
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Hyrcanus (unresolved ch022)
After this he slew his wife's grandfather, Hyrcanus, when he was returned out of Parthin to him, under this pretense, that he suspected him of plotting against him.
Book I, Chapter 22 · 📍 [[Jericho]] · at the age of seventeen
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Aristobulus (son of Alexander and Alexandra)
for when he had given him the high priesthood at the age of seventeen, he slew him quickly after he had conferred that dignity upon him
Book I, Chapter 22 · When he was about to take a journey abroad
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Mariamne (daughter of Alexander son of Aristobulus) Joseph (unresolved ch022)
he also gave him a secret injunction, that if Antony slew him, he should slay her.
Book I, Chapter 22 · upon which
Joseph (unresolved ch022) Mariamne (daughter of Alexander son of Aristobulus) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
But Joseph, without any ill design, and only in order to demonstrate the king's love to his wife, how he could not bear to think of being separated from her, even by death itself, discovered this grand secret to her
Book I, Chapter 22 · whereupon
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Mariamne (daughter of Alexander son of Aristobulus) Joseph (unresolved ch022)
whereupon, out of his ungovernable jealousy and rage, he commanded both of them to be slain immediately; but as soon as ever his passion was over, he repented of what he had done
Book I, Chapter 22 · when she was dead
Mariamne (daughter of Alexander son of Aristobulus) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
when his grief and trouble, now she was dead, appeared as great as his affection had been for her while she was living
Book I, Chapter 23 · when Herod's head had been long enough filled with these calumnies
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris)
when Herod's head had been long enough filled with these calumnies, he brought Antipater, whom he had by Doris, into favor again, as a defense to him against his other sons, and began all the ways he possibly could to prefer him before them.
Book I, Chapter 23 · at length
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris)
till at length he entirely cut his brethren off from all hopes of succeeding to the kingdom; for he was already publicly put into his father's will as his successor.
Book I, Chapter 23 · in time
Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Doris Mariamne (daughter of Alexander son of Aristobulus)
He was also able in time to introduce his mother again into Mariamne's bed.
Book I, Chapter 23 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Alexander (son of Herod)
So the father drew Alexander as far as Rome, and charged him with an attempt of poisoning him before Caesar.
Book I, Chapter 23 · 📍 [[Rome]] · immediately
Augustus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Alexander (son of Herod)
and he brought Caesar to that pass, as to reject the accusations, and to reconcile their father to them immediately.
Book I, Chapter 23 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · when Herod was come to Jerusalem
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Alexander (son of Herod)
Accordingly, in way of requital for his kindness, and in order to provide for mine own advantage, I do declare that these three sons of mine shall be kings.
Book I, Chapter 24
Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Alexander (son of Herod) Aristobulus (son of Herod)
the privilege of the first-born was confirmed to Antipater; as was Antipater very angry at his brethren that they were to succeed him.
Book I, Chapter 24
Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Alexander (son of Herod)
he either corrupted Alexander's acquaintance with money, or got into their favor by flatteries; by which two means he gained all his designs, and brought them to betray their master
Book I, Chapter 24
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Alexander (son of Herod) Aristobulus (son of Herod)
as much as his natural affection to the young men did every day diminish, so much did it increase towards Antipater.
Book I, Chapter 24
Pheroras Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Joseph (unresolved ch024)
Pheroras refused to consummate this royal marriage, out of his affection to a maidservant of his. Upon which account Herod was very angry, and gave that daughter in marriage to a brother's son of his, [Joseph,]
Book I, Chapter 24
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Salome (sister of Herod) Pheroras
when she was convicted of this, and of all that Pheroras had accused her of, she obtained her pardon. The king also pardoned Pheroras himself the crimes he had been accused of.
Book I, Chapter 24 · presently
Alexander (son of Herod) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
they were tortured, and found guilty, and presently confessed the criminal conversation he had with them.
Book I, Chapter 24
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
when any were but suspected [of treason], he put them to death, insomuch that the palace was full of horribly unjust proceedings
Book I, Chapter 24 · immediately
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Alexander (son of Herod) Aristobulus (son of Herod)
So he caused him to be seized upon immediately, and bound, and fell to examining his friends by torture, many of whom died [under the torture], but would discover nothing, nor say any thing against their consciences; but some of them, being forced to speak falsely by the pains they endured, said that Alexander, and his brother Aristobulus, plotted against him
Book I, Chapter 25
Alexander (son of Herod) Pheroras Salome (sister of Herod) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
he composed four books against his enemies, and confessed that he had been in a plot; but declared withal that the greatest part [of the courtiers] were in a plot with him, and chiefly Pheroras and Salome
Book I, Chapter 25 · 📍 [[Judea]]
Archelaus (king of Cappadocia) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Alexander (son of Herod)
And now it was that Archelaus came hastily into Judea, as being affrighted for his son-in-law and his daughter; and he came as a proper assistant, and in a very prudent manner, and by a stratagem he obliged the king not to execute what he had threatened
Book I, Chapter 25
Pheroras Archelaus (king of Cappadocia) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
he came with black cloth upon his body, and tears in his eyes, and threw himself down at Herod's feet, and begged his pardon for what he had done, and confessed that he had acted very wickedly, and was guilty of every thing that he had been accused of
Book I, Chapter 25
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Pheroras Archelaus (king of Cappadocia)
Herod's displeasure against Pheroras was mollified
Book I, Chapter 25
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Alexander (son of Herod) Archelaus (king of Cappadocia)
So Arehelaus complied with what Herod desired, but not without difficulty, and was both himself reconciled to the young man, and reconciled his father to him also.
Book I, Chapter 25 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Alexander (son of Herod) Augustus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
However, he said he must, by all means, be sent to Rome to discourse with Caesar, because he had already written a full account to him of this whole matter.
Book I, Chapter 25 · when Archelaus was going away
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Archelaus (king of Cappadocia) Pannychis
And when Archelaus was going away, Herod made him a present of seventy talents, with a golden throne set with precious stones, and some eunuchs, and a concubine who was called Pannychis.
Book I, Chapter 26 · 📍 [[Judea]] · a little afterward
Eurycles Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Alexander (son of Herod)
But he was principally hired by Antipater, and so betrayed Alexander
Book I, Chapter 26 · Upon this
Eurycles Alexander (son of Herod) Aristobulus (son of Herod) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
at length undertook the work of bringing Alexander and Aristobulus to their graves, and accused them before their father.
Book I, Chapter 26 · At which time
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Jucundus Tyrannus
Herod was in a very great rage at these informations, and presently ordered those men to be tortured
Book I, Chapter 26 · at last
Diophantus Alexander (son of Herod)
and after he had counterfeited a great number, he was at last put to death for it.
Book I, Chapter 26 · However
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Alexander (son of Herod) Aristobulus (son of Herod)
although Herod found the proofs too weak, he gave order to have his sons kept in custody
Book I, Chapter 26 · 📍 [[Cappadocia]] · immediately
Eurycles Archelaus (king of Cappadocia)
there he got money of Archelaus, having the impudence to pretend that he had reconciled Herod to Alexander.
Book I, Chapter 27
Salome (sister of Herod) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
For Salome came running to the king, and informed him of what admonition had been given her; whereupon he could bear no longer, but commanded both the young men to be bound, and kept the one asunder from the other.
Book I, Chapter 27 · 📍 [[Rome]] · as soon as they had sailed to Rome
Augustus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
so he wrote back to him, and appointed him to have the power over his sons; but said withal, that he would do well to make an examination into this matter of the plot against him in a public court
Book I, Chapter 27 · 📍 [[Berytus]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Alexander (son of Herod) Aristobulus (son of Herod)
all those that came after him condemned the young men to die
Book I, Chapter 27
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Tero
but the king ordered those men, with Tero himself and his son, to be seized upon immediately.
Book I, Chapter 27
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Tero Trypho
and accordingly there were they put to death, together with [Trypho] the barber; they were killed by the pieces of wood and the stones that were thrown at them.
Book I, Chapter 27 · 📍 [[Sebaste]] · immediately
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Alexander (son of Herod) Aristobulus (son of Herod)
He also sent his sons to Sebaste, a city not far from Cesarea, and ordered them to be there strangled; and as what he had ordered was executed immediately, so he commanded that their dead bodies should be brought to the fortress Alexandrium, to be buried with Alexander, their grandfather by the mother's side.
Book I, Chapter 28 · 📍 [[Cappadocia]] · as soon as he had killed Alexander
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Glaphyra Alexander (unresolved ch028)
As for Glaphyra, Herod, as soon as he had killed Alexander, sent her back, together with her portion, to Cappadocia.
Book I, Chapter 28
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Bernice (daughter of Salome) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris)
He married Bernice, Aristobulus's daughter, to Antipater's uncle by his mother
Book I, Chapter 28
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Pheroras
I therefore betroth thy daughter, Pheroras, to the elder of these brethren, the children of Alexander, that thou mayst be obliged to take care of them.
Book I, Chapter 28
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Aristobulus (unresolved ch028) Herod Philip
I also betroth to thy son, Antipater, the daughter of Aristobulus; be thou therefore a father to that orphan; and my son Herod [Philip] shall have her sister
Book I, Chapter 28
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Pheroras Aristobulus (unresolved ch028) Herod Philip
Yet was he afterwards prevailed upon cunningly by his flatteries, and changed the marriages; he married Aristobulus's daughter to him, and his son to Pheroras's daughter.
Book I, Chapter 28
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Salome (daughter of Herod and Elpis) Alexas (friend of Herod)
he also caused her, against her own consent, to be married to Alexas, a friend of his
Book I, Chapter 28
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Mariamne (daughter of Aristobulus and Bernice) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Phasaelus (son of Herod and Pallas)
And for the daughters the king had by Mariamne, the one was married to Antipater, his sister's son, and the other to his brother's son, Phasaelus.
Book I, Chapter 29 · 📍 [[Rome]] · for some time
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris)
for when they wrote that it was proper for Antipater to be sent to Caesar for some time, Herod made no delay, but sent him
Book I, Chapter 29
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Herod, son of Mariamne
and gave him his testament to carry with him,--wherein Antipater had the kingdom bequeathed to him, and wherein Herod was named for Antipater's successor; that Herod, I mean, who was the son of Mariamne, the high priest's daughter.
Book I, Chapter 29
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Pheroras
And when Pheroras said that he would die rather than forsake his wife, Herod, not knowing what to do further in that matter, turned his speech to Antipater, and charged him to have no intercourse either with Pheroras's wife, or with Pheroras himself, or with any one belonging to her.
Book I, Chapter 29 · 📍 [[Perea beyond Jordan]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Pheroras
till at length he was in such great uneasiness at her, that he cast both her and his brother out of his kingdom. Pheroras took this injury very patiently, and went away into his own tetrarchy, [Perea beyond Jordan,]
Book I, Chapter 29 · immediately
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Corinthus Sylleus
Accordingly, the king complied; for this Corinthus, though he was brought up in Herod's kingdom, yet was he by birth an Arabian; so the king ordered him to be taken up immediately, and not only him, but two other Arabians, who were caught with him; the one of them was Sylleus's friend, the other the head of a tribe. These last, being put to the torture, confessed that they had prevailed with Corinthus, for a large sum of money, to kill Herod; and when they had been further examined before Saturninus, the president of Syria, they were sent to Rome.
Book I, Chapter 29 · a little afterward
A little afterward Pheroras himself fell sick, when Herod showed great moderation; for he came to him, and pitied his case, and took care of him; but his affection for him did him no good, for Pheroras died a little afterward.
Book I, Chapter 30
took its rise from the death of Pheroras; for certain of his freed-men came with a sad countenance to the king, and told him that his brother had been destroyed by poison
Book I, Chapter 30
Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Pheroras Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Alexander (son of Herod) Aristobulus (unresolved ch030)
and that accordingly by agreement they went away, Antipater to Rome, and Pheroras to Perea; for that they oftentimes talked to one another thus: That after Herod had slain Alexander and Aristobulus, he would fall upon them
Book I, Chapter 30 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · while he was at Rome
Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Antipater of Samaria Antiphilus Theudio Pheroras Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
that Antipater had sent for a potion of deadly poison for him out of Egypt, by Antiphilus, a companion of his; that Theudio, the uncle of Antipater, had it from him, and delivered it to Pheroras; for that Antipater had charged him to take his father off while he was at Rome
Book I, Chapter 30 · When thou didst sit weeping by Pheroras as he was dying
Pheroras Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
My dear wife, I have been greatly mistaken as to the disposition of my brother towards me, and have hated him that is so affectionate to me, and have contrived to kill him who is in such disorder for me before I am dead.
Book I, Chapter 30
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Herod, son of Mariamne Mariamne Antipater (son of Herod and Doris)
Whereupon the king avenged this insolent attempt of the mother upon her son, and blotted Herod, whom he had by her, out of his tretament, who had been before named therein as successor to Antipater.
Book I, Chapter 31 · After these things were over
Bathyllus Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Pheroras Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
This man came, and brought another deadly potion, the poison of asps, and the juices of other serpents, that if the first potion did not do the business, Pheroras and his wife might be armed with this also to destroy the king.
Book I, Chapter 31
Bathyllus Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace) Philip (son of Herod and Cleopatra of Jerusalem)
He brought also an addition to Antipater's insolent attempt against his father, which was the letters which he wrote against his brethren, Archelaus and Philip, which were the king's sons, and educated at Rome, being yet youths, but of generous dispositions.
Book I, Chapter 31 · 📍 [[Tarentum]]
However, he had before received a letter, which contained an account of the death of Pheroras, at Tarentum,
Book I, Chapter 31 · 📍 Augustus
Antipater (son of Herod and Doris)
And here he found a perfect and unexpected solitude, while ever body avoided him, and nobody durst come at him; for he was equally hated by all men;
Book I, Chapter 31 · 📍 [[the palace]] · against tomorrow
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Varus
I appoint thee a court where thou art to be judged, and this Varus, who is very seasonably here, to be thy judge; and get thou thy defense ready against tomorrow
Book I, Chapter 32
Nicolaus Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
He then proceeded to convict him of the attempt to poison Herod, and gave an account in order of the several discoveries that had been made;
Book I, Chapter 32
Varus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris)
The king also bound Antipater, and sent away to inform Caesar of his misfortunes.
Book I, Chapter 32 · after this
Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Acme Salome (sister of Herod) Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
Antipater had forged this letter, and had corrupted Acme, and persuaded her to send it to Herod.
Book I, Chapter 32
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris)
However, he sent all account to Caesar about Acme, and the contrivances against Salome; he sent also for his testament, and altered it
Book I, Chapter 33 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · at midday
Judas (son of Sepphoris) Matthias (son of Margalus)
they therefore let themselves down from the top of the temple with thick cords, and this at midday, and while a great number of people were in the temple, and cut down that golden eagle with axes.
Book I, Chapter 33
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Judas (son of Sepphoris) Matthias (son of Margalus)
ordered those that had let themselves down, together with their Rabbins, to be burnt alive, but delivered the rest that were caught to the proper officers, to be put to death by them.
Book I, Chapter 33 · 📍 [[the Hippodrome]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Salome (sister of Herod) Alexas (friend of Herod)
Do you but take care to send soldiers to encompass these men that are now in custody, and slay them immediately upon my death
Book I, Chapter 33 · before the soldiers knew of his death
Salome (sister of Herod) Alexas (friend of Herod)
Salome and her husband came out and dismissed those that were in bonds, whom the king had commanded to be slain
Book I, Chapter 33 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Augustus Acme Antipater (son of Herod and Doris)
Acme was put to death at Caesar's command, and that Antipater was condemned to die; however, they wrote withal, that if Herod had a mind rather to banish him, Caesar permitted him so to do.
Book I, Chapter 33 · immediately
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Antipater (son of Herod and Doris) Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace) Antipas
hereupon the king cried out louder than his distemper would well bear, and immediately sent some of his guards and slew Antipater; he also gave order to have him buried at Hyrcanium, and altered his testament again
Book I, Chapter 33 · five days
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
So Herod, having survived the slaughter of his son five days, died
Book I, Chapter 33 · 📍 [[Jericho]]
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace) Antipas Philip Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
wherein Philip was to inherit Trachonitis, and the neighboring countries, and Antipas was to be tetrarch, as we said before, and Archelaus was made king.
Book II, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[temple]]
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace) Augustus
he would not at present take upon him either the authority of a king, or the names thereto belonging, until Caesar, who is made lord of this whole affair by the testament, confirm the succession
Book II, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[temple]]
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace)
But the seditious threw stones at him, and drove him away, as he came into the temple, and before he could say any thing to them.
Book II, Chapter 1 · at the feast of unleavened bread
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace)
At these the whole multitude were irritated, and threw stones at many of the soldiers, and killed them; but the tribune fled away wounded, and had much ado to escape so.
Book II, Chapter 1 · at the feast of unleavened bread
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace)
who, falling upon them on the sudden, as they were offering their sacrifices, destroyed about three thousand of them
Book II, Chapter 1 · After which
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace)
these were followed by Archelaus's heralds, who commanded every one to retire to their own homes, whither they all went, and left the festival.
Book II, Chapter 2 · now
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace) Philip
Archelaus went down now to the sea-side, with his mother and his friends, Poplas, and Ptolemy, and Nicolaus, and left behind him Philip, to be his steward in the palace, and to take care of his domestic affairs.
Book II, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · as soon as those that were his hinderance were gone
he immediately went on to Jerusalem, and seized upon the palace. And when he had called for the governors of the citadels, and the stewards [of the king's private affairs], he tried to sift out the accounts of the money, and to take possession of the citadels.
Book II, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Rome]] · In the mean time
In the mean time, Antipas went also to Rome, to strive for the kingdom, and to insist that the former testament, wherein he was named to be king, was valid before the latter testament.
Book II, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Salome (sister of Herod) Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace) Augustus
Salome also, and those with her, put the crimes which they accused Archelaus of in order, and put them into Caesar's hands; and after they had done that, Archelaus wrote down the reasons of his claim, and, by Ptolemy, sent in his father's ring, and his father's accounts.
Book II, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Rome]] · Then
Antipater (son of Salome) Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace) Augustus
Then stood up Salome's son, Antipater, [who of all Archelaus's antagonists was the shrewdest pleader,] and accused him in the following speech:
Book II, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Rome]] · When Antipater had spoken largely to this purpose
Nicolaus Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace)
Then stood up Nicolaus to plead for Archelaus. He alleged that the slaughter in the temple could not be avoided; that those that were slain were become enemies not to Archelaus's kingdom, only, but to Caesar, who was to determine about him.
Book II, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Rome]] · When Nicolaus had gone through all he had to say
Augustus Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace)
upon which he raised him up, after a very obliging manner, and declared that truly he was worthy to succeed his father. However, he still made no firm determination in his case
Book II, Chapter 3
But Sabinus came, after he was gone, and gave them an occasion of making innovations; for he compelled the keepers of the citadels to deliver them up to him, and made a bitter search after the king's money
Book II, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
So they lay round about the Romans on every side, and besieged them.
Book II, Chapter 3
then he made signs to the soldiers of that legion to attack the enemy; for his astonishment was so great, that he durst not go down to his own men.
Book II, Chapter 3
Since therefore the Romans were sorely afflicted by both these circumstances, they set fire to the cloisters, which were works to be admired, both on account of their magnitude and costliness.
Book II, Chapter 3
Of which sum Sabinus got together all that was not carried away by the soldiers.
Book II, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Idumea]] · At this time
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
in Idumea two thousand of Herod's veteran soldiers got together, and armed and fought against those of the king's party;
Book II, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Idumea]] · At this time
Achiabus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
against whom Achiabus, the king's first cousin, fought, and that out of some of the places that were the most strongly fortified;
Book II, Chapter 4 · 📍 Sepphoris · In Sepphoris also
Judas (son of Hezekias) Hezekias
this man got no small multitude together, and brake open the place where the royal armor was laid up, and armed those about him, and attacked those that were so earnest to gain the dominion.
Book II, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Perea]] · In Perea also
Simon, one of the servants to the king, relying upon the handsome appearance and tallness of his body, put a diadem upon his own head also;
Book II, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jericho]] · In Perea also
he also went about with a company of robbers that he had gotten together, and burnt down the royal palace that was at Jericho, and many other costly edifices besides, and procured himself very easily spoils by rapine, as snatching them out of the fire.
Book II, Chapter 4 · In Perea also
Gratus Simon (servant of Herod)
Gratus also cut to pieces Simon himself, as he was flying along a strait valley, when he gave him an oblique stroke upon his neck, as he ran away, and brake it.
Book II, Chapter 4 · At this time
he did himself act like a king, and meddled only with the more important affairs; and at this time he put a diadem about his head, and continued after that to overrun the country for no little time with his brethren
Book II, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Emmaus]] · At this time
his men therefore shot their arrows and darts, and thereby slew their centurion Arius, and forty of the stoutest of his men
Book II, Chapter 5 · 📍 [[Emnaus]]
Emnaus was also burnt, upon the flight of its inhabitants, and this at the command of Varus
Book II, Chapter 5
those that appeared to have been the least concerned in these tumults he put into custody, but such as were the most guilty he crucified; these were in number about two thousand.
Book II, Chapter 5
Now Caesar forgave the rest, but gave orders that certain of the king's relations [for some of those that were among them were Herod's kinsmen] should be put to death
Book II, Chapter 5
he sent them away, but made haste, with his own legions, to march against those that had revolted
Book II, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Rome]] · a few days afterward
Augustus Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace)
but a few days afterward, he gave the one half of Herod's kingdom to Archelaus, by the name of Ethnarch, and promised to make him king also afterward, if he rendered himself worthy of that dignity.
Book II, Chapter 6 · a few days afterward
Augustus Philip (son of Herod and Cleopatra of Jerusalem) Antipas
But as to the other half, he divided it into two tetrarchies, and gave them to two other sons of Herod, the one of them to Philip, and the other to that Antipas who contested the kingdom with Archelaus.
Book II, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jamnia]]
Augustus Salome (sister of Herod) Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace)
Salome also, besides what the king had left her in his testaments, was now made mistress of Jamnia, and Ashdod, and Phasaelis.
Book II, Chapter 6 · after this family distribution
Augustus Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
but after this family distribution, he gave between them what had been bequeathed to him by Herod, which was a thousand talents, reserving to himself only some inconsiderable presents, in honor of the deceased.
Book II, Chapter 7
Augustus Alexander (son of Herod)
But when Caesar saw him, he immediately discerned a difference in his countenance; and when he had discovered that his whole body was of a more robust texture, and like that of a slave, he understood the whole was a contrivance.
Book II, Chapter 7 · And now
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace)
And now Archelaus took possession of his ethnarchy, and used not the Jews only, but the Samaritans also, barbarously;
Book II, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Vienna]] · in the ninth year of his government
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace) Augustus
and in the ninth year of his government he was banished to Vienna, a city of Gaul, and his effects were put into Caesar's treasury.
Book II, Chapter 7
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace) Mariamne Glaphyra
Then it was that Archelaus, the ethnarch, saw her, and fell so deeply in love with her, that he divorced Mariamne, who was then his wife, and married her.
Book II, Chapter 7 · five days after Archelaus had heard this interpretation
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace) Simon the Essene
Now five days after Archelaus had heard this interpretation he was called to his trial.
Book II, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Judea]] · two days
Now Glaphyra hardly survived the narration of this dream of hers two days.
Book II, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Judea]] · Under his administration
Under his administration it was that a certain Galilean, whose name was Judas, prevailed with his countrymen to revolt
Book II, Chapter 9
Archelaus (son of Herod and Malthace)
And now as the ethnarchy of Archelaus was fallen into a Roman province
Book II, Chapter 9
Salome (sister of Herod) Julia
when Salome died, she bequeathed to Julia, the wife of Augustus, both her toparchy, and Jamriga, as also her plantation of palm trees that were in Phasaelis.
Book II, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Hereupon Pilate was greatly surprised at their prodigious superstition, and gave order that the ensigns should be presently carried out of Jerusalem.
Book II, Chapter 9 · for six months
Agrippa (son of Aristobulus and Bernice) Tiberius
This was told to Tiberius by one of Agrippa's domestics, who thereupon was very angry, and ordered Agrippa to be bound, and had him very ill-treated in the prison for six months
Book II, Chapter 9
Caius (son of Germanicus) Agrippa (son of Aristobulus and Bernice) Philip (son of Herod and Cleopatra of Jerusalem)
But when Caius was made Caesar, he released Agrippa from his bonds, and made him king of Philip's tetrarchy, who was now dead
Book II, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Spain]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Caius (son of Germanicus) Agrippa (son of Aristobulus and Bernice)
These arguments prevailed with Herod, so that he came to Caius, by whom he was punished for his ambition, by being banished into Spain; for Agrippa followed him, in order to accuse him; to whom also Caius gave his tetrarchy, by way of addition.
Book II, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Spain]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
So Herod died in Spain, whither his wife had followed him.
Book II, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Accordingly, he sent Petronius with an army to Jerusalem, to place his statues in the temple, 11 and commanded him that, in case the Jews would not admit of them, he should slay those that opposed it, and carry all the rest of the nation into captivity:
Book II, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Ptolemais]]
So he was prevailed upon by the multitude of the supplicants, and by their supplications, and left his army and the statues at Ptolemais
Book II, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Antioch]] · on the following days
from whence he presently sent an epistle to Caesar, and informed him of the irruption he had made into Judea, and of the supplications of the nation; and that unless he had a mind to lose both the country and the men in it, he must permit them to keep their law, and must countermand his former injunction.
Book II, Chapter 10
Caius answered that epistle in a violent-way, and threatened to have Petronius put to death for his being so tardy in the execution of what he had commanded.
Book II, Chapter 10
while others that brought the news of Caius's death had a good voyage.
Book II, Chapter 11 · when Caius had reigned three years and eight months
Now when Caius had reigned three years and eight months, and had been slain by treachery
Book II, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Rome]] · at this time
Claudius was hurried away by the armies that were at Rome to take the government upon him
Book II, Chapter 11 · immediately
Claudius Agrippa (son of Aristobulus and Bernice)
Moreover, he bestowed on Agrippa his whole paternal kingdom immediately, and added to it, besides those countries that had been given by Augustus to Herod, Trachonitis and Auranitis, and still besides these, that kingdom which was called the kingdom of Lysanius.
Book II, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Chalcis]]
Claudius Herod (king of Chalcis)
He bestowed on his brother Herod, who was also his son-in-law, by marrying [his daughter] Bernice, the kingdom of Chalcis.
Book II, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Cesarea]] · before he had raised the walls to their due height
Agrippa (son of Aristobulus and Bernice)
but his death, which happened at Cesarea, before he had raised the walls to their due height, prevented him.
Book II, Chapter 11 · after this
Claudius Agrippa (the present king) Cuspius Fadus
so that Claudius made the country a Roman province, and sent Cuspius Fadus to be its procurator
Book II, Chapter 11 · after this
Herod (king of Chalcis) Bernie Janus Hyrcanus (son of Herod of Chalcis and Bernice) Aristobulus (son of Herod)
Now after this, Herod the king of Chalcis died, and left behind him two sons, born to him of his brother's daughter Bernice; their names were Bernie Janus and Hyrcanus. [He also left behind him] Aristobulus, whom he had by his former wife Mariamne.
Book II, Chapter 12 · after the death of Herod
Claudius Agrippa (the present king) Cumanus Alexander (unresolved ch045)
Now after the death of Herod, king of Chalcis, Claudius set Agrippa, the son of Agrippa, over his uncle's kingdom, while Cumanus took upon him the office of procurator of the rest, which was a Roman province, and therein he succeeded Alexander;
Book II, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · at the feast of unleavened bread
and being beaten out of the temple, they ran into the city; and the violence with which they crowded to get out was so great, that they trod upon each other, and squeezed one another, till ten thousand of them were killed
Book II, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[Acrabatene toparchy]]
Eleazar (son of Dineus) Alexander (unresolved ch045)
they were managed by one Eleazar, the son of Dineus, and by Alexander, in these their thievish and seditious attempts. These men fell upon those that were in the neighborhood of the Acrabatene toparchy, and slew them, without sparing any age, and set the villages on fire.
Book II, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[Cesarea and Lydda]]
After which he went to Cesarea, and crucified all those whom Cumanus had taken alive; and when from thence he was come to the city Lydda, he heard the affair of the Samaritans, and sent for eighteen of the Jews, whom he had learned to have been concerned in that fight, and beheaded them;
Book II, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Caesar (murdered ruler) Cumanus Celer
he condemned the Samaritans, and commanded that three of the most powerful men among them should be put to death; he banished Cumanus, and sent Celer bound to Jerusalem, to be delivered over to the Jews to be tormented; that he should be drawn round the city, and then beheaded.
Book II, Chapter 12 · when he had administered the government thirteen years, eight months, and twenty days
But Claudius himself, when he had administered the government thirteen years, eight months, and twenty days, died, and left Nero to be his successor in the empire, whom he had adopted by his Wife Agrippina's delusions, in order to be his successor, although he had a son of his own, whose name was Britannicus
Book II, Chapter 13 · 📍 [[Lesser Armenia]]
Nero Aristobulus (son of Herod of Chalcis)
Nero therefore bestowed the kingdom of the Lesser Armenia upon Aristobulus, Herod's son
Book II, Chapter 13 · 📍 [[Abila, Julias, Tarichea, and Tiberias of Galilee]]
Nero Agrippa (the present king)
and he added to Agrippa's kingdom four cities, with the toparchies to them belonging; I mean Abila, and that Julias which is in Perea, Tarichea also, and Tiberias of Galilee
Book II, Chapter 13 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Felix Eleazar (unresolved ch046)
This Felix took Eleazar the arch-robber, and many that were with him, alive, when they had ravaged the country for twenty years together, and sent them to Rome
Book II, Chapter 13
but as to the number of the robbers whom he caused to be crucified, and of those who were caught among them, and whom he brought to punishment, they were a multitude not to be enumerated.
Book II, Chapter 13 · 📍 [[wilderness]]
But Felix thought this procedure was to be the beginning of a revolt; so he sent some horsemen and footmen both armed, who destroyed a great number of them.
Book II, Chapter 13 · 📍 [[Mount of Olives]]
But Felix prevented his attempt, and met him with his Roman soldiers, while all the people assisted him in his attack upon them, insomuch that when it came to a battle, the Egyptian ran away, with a few others, while the greatest part of those that were with him were either destroyed or taken alive; but the rest of the multitude were dispersed every one to their own homes, and there concealed themselves.
Book II, Chapter 14 · At this time
But then Albinus, who succeeded Festus, did not execute his office as the other had done; nor was there any sort of wickedness that could be named but he had a hand in it. Accordingly, he did not only, in his political capacity, steal and plunder every one's substance, nor did he only burden the whole nation with taxes, but he permitted the relations of such as were in prison for robbery, and had been laid there, either by the senate of every city, or by the former procurators, to redeem them for money
Book II, Chapter 14
And although such was the character of Albinus, yet did Gessius Florus 18 who succeeded him, demonstrate him to have been a most excellent person, upon the comparison; for the former did the greatest part of his rogueries in private, and with a sort of dissimulation; but Gessius did his unjust actions to the harm of the nation after a pompous manner
Book II, Chapter 14 · 📍 [[Cesarea]] · in the twelfth year of the reign of Nero, and the seventeenth of the reign of Agrippa, in the month of Artemisius [Jyar.]
at the same time began the war, in the twelfth year of the reign of Nero, and the seventeenth of the reign of Agrippa, in the month of Artemisius [Jyar.]
Book II, Chapter 14 · 📍 [[Cesarea]]
Gessius Florus John the publican
the great men of the Jews, with John the publican, being in the utmost distress what to do, persuaded Florus, with the offer of eight talents, to hinder the work. He then, being intent upon nothing but getting money, promised he would do for them all they desired of him, and then went away from Cesarea to Sebaste, and left the sedition to take its full course
Book II, Chapter 14 · 📍 [[Sebaste]] · on the next day
Gessius Florus John the publican
But John, and twelve of the principal men with him, went to Florus, to Sebaste, and made a lamentable complaint of their case, and besought him to help them; and with all possible decency, put him in mind of the eight talents they had given him; but he had the men seized upon, and put in prison
Book II, Chapter 14 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · At this
Florus was more provoked at this, and called out aloud to the soldiers to plunder that which was called the Upper Market-place, and to slay such as they met with.
Book II, Chapter 14 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · that day
Accordingly, the whole number of those that were destroyed that day, with their wives and children, [for they did not spare even the infants themselves,] was about three thousand and six hundred.
Book II, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · About this very time
Alexander (unresolved ch048) Nero
congratulate Alexander upon his having obtained the government of Egypt from Nero
Book II, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · the next day
The soldiers therefore encompassed them presently, and struck them with their clubs; and as they fled away, the horsemen trampled them down
Book II, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Bezetha]]
and thrust the multitude through the place called Bezetha, 23 as they forced their way, in order to get in and seize upon the temple, and the tower Antonia.
Book II, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
as soon as the cloisters were broken down, he left off his attempt
Book II, Chapter 15 · 📍 [[Cesarea]]
so he changed the band as they desired, and, with the rest of his forces, returned to Cesarea.
Book II, Chapter 16
he thought it best himself to send one of his intimate friends beforehand, to see the state of affairs, and to give him a faithful account of the intentions of the Jews. Accordingly, he sent one of his tribunes, whose name was Neopolitanus
Book II, Chapter 16 · 📍 [[Jamnia]]
Neopolitanus Agrippa (the present king)
who met with king Agrippa as he was returning from Alexandria, at Jamnia, and told him who it was that sent him, and on what errands he was sent.
Book II, Chapter 16 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
So he walked round, and had sufficient experience of the good temper the people were in, and then went up to the temple, where he called the multitude together, and highly commended them for their fidelity to the Romans
Book II, Chapter 16 · 📍 [[house of the Asamoneans]]
Agrippa (the present king) Bernice (unresolved ch049)
He therefore called the multitude together into a large gallery, and placed his sister Bernice in the house of the Asamoneans
Book II, Chapter 16
Agrippa (the present king) Florus
they cried out, that they would not fight against the Romans, but against Florus, on account of what they had suffered by his means.
Book II, Chapter 16
You will therefore prevent any occasion of revolt if you will but join these together again, and if you will but pay your tribute
Book II, Chapter 17
And thus did Agrippa then put a stop to that war which was threatened. Moreover, he attempted to persuade the multitude to obey Florus, until Caesar should send one to succeed him; but they were hereby more provoked, and cast reproaches upon the king, and got him excluded out of the city; nay, some of the seditious had the impudence to throw stones at him. So when the king saw that the violence of those that were for innovations was not to be restrained, and being very angry at the contumelies he had received, he sent their rulers, together with their men of power, to Florus, to Cesarea, that he might appoint whom he thought fit to collect the tribute in the country, while he retired into his own kingdom.
Book II, Chapter 17
Agrippa (the present king) Darius Philip (son of Jacimus)
so he sent three thousand horsemen to the assistance of the people out of Auranitis, and Batanea, and Trachonitis, and these under Darius, the master of his horse, and Philip the son of Jacimus, the general of his army.
Book II, Chapter 17 · the next day
Ananias (high priest) Agrippa (the present king)
The others then set fire to the house of Ananias the high priest, and to the palaces of Agrippa and Bernice; after which they carried the fire to the place where the archives were reposited, and made haste to burn the contracts belonging to their creditors, and thereby to dissolve their obligations for paying their debts;
Book II, Chapter 17 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · In the mean time
In the mean time, one Manahem, the son of Judas, that was called the Galilean, [who was a very cunning sophister, and had formerly reproached the Jews under Cyrenius, that after God they were subject to the Romans,] took some of the men of note with him, and retired to Masada, where he broke open king Herod's armory, and gave arms not only to his own people, but to other robbers also. These he made use of for a guard, and returned in the state of a king to Jerusalem; he became the leader of the sedition, and gave orders for continuing the siege;
Book II, Chapter 17 · on the next day
Ananias (high priest) Hezekiah
But on the next day the high priest was caught where he had concealed himself in an aqueduct; he was slain, together with Hezekiah his brother, by the robbers:
Book II, Chapter 17 · 📍 [[Ophla]]
Eleazar (son of Ananias) Manahem
But Eleazar and his party fell violently upon him, as did also the rest of the people; and taking up stones to attack him withal, they threw them at the sophister, and thought, that if he were once ruined, the entire sedition would fall to the ground. Now Manahem and his party made resistance for a while; but when they perceived that the whole multitude were falling upon them, they fled which way every one was able; those that were caught were slain, and those that hid themselves were searched for. A few there were of them who privately escaped to Masada, among whom was Eleazar, the son of Jairus, who was of kin to Manahem, and acted the part of a tyrant at Masada afterward. As for Manahem himself, he ran away to the place called Ophla, and there lay skulking in private; but they took him alive, and drew him out before them all; they then tortured him with many sorts of torments, and after all slew him,
Book II, Chapter 17 · on the sabbath day
Eleazar (son of Ananias) Metilius
but as soon as, according to the articles of capitulation, they had all laid down their shields and their swords, and were under no further suspicion of any harm, but were going away, Eleazar's men attacked them after a violent manner, and encompassed them round, and slew them, while they neither defended themselves, nor entreated for mercy, but only cried out upon the breach of their articles of capitulation and their oaths. And thus were all these men barbarously murdered, excepting Metilius; for when he entreated for mercy, and promised that he would turn Jew, and be circumcised, they saved him alive, but none else.
Book II, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Scythopolis]]
so, in the first place, he caught his father by his grey hairs, and ran his sword through him, and after him he did the same to his mother, who willingly received it; and after them he did the like to his wife and children, every one almost offering themselves to his sword, as desirous to prevent being slain by their enemies; so when he had gone over all his family, he stood upon their bodies to be seen by all, and stretching out his right hand, that his action might be observed by all, he sheathed his entire sword into his own bowels.
Book II, Chapter 18 · by night
This Noarus sent out some of the king's armed men by night, and slew all those [seventy] men;
Book II, Chapter 18 · immediately
Agrippa (the present king) Noarus
until Agrippa was informed of it, who did not indeed dare to put him to death, out of regard to Sohemus; but still he put an end to his procuratorship immediately.
Book II, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Alexandria]] · from that very time
[[Alexander [the Great]]]
from that very time when Alexander [the Great], upon finding the readiness of the Jews in assisting him against the Egyptians, and as a reward for such their assistance, gave them equal privileges in this city with the Grecians themselves;
Book II, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Zabulon]]
so Cestius took part of his forces, and marched hastily to Zabulon, a strong city of Galilee, which was called the City of Men, and divides the country of Ptolemais from our nation; this he found deserted by its men, the multitude having fled to the mountains, but full of all sorts of good things; those he gave leave to the soldiers to plunder, and set fire to the city, although it was of admirable beauty, and had its houses built like those in Tyre, and Sidon, and Berytus.
Book II, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Joppa]]
So some of them made a brisk march by the sea-side, and some by land, and so coming upon them on both sides, they took the city with ease; and as the inhabitants had made no provision beforehand for a flight, nor had gotten any thing ready for fighting, the soldiers fell upon them, and slew them all, with their families, and then plundered and burnt the city. The number of the slain was eight thousand four hundred.
Book II, Chapter 18 · 📍 [[Asamon]]
But when the Romans had gone round the mountains, and were gotten into the parts above their enemies, the others were soon beaten; nor could they who had only light armor on sustain the force of them that fought them armed all over; nor when they were beaten could they escape the enemies' horsemen; insomuch that only some few concealed themselves in certain places hard to be come at, among the mountains, while the rest, above two thousand in number, were slain.
Book II, Chapter 19
however, five hundred and fifteen of the Romans were slain, of which number four hundred were footmen, and the rest horsemen, while the Jews lost only twenty-two
Book II, Chapter 19
Simon, the son of Giora, fell upon the backs of the Romans, as they were ascending up Bethoron, and put the hindmost of the army into disorder, and carried off many of the beasts that carried the weapons of war, and led Shem into the city.
Book II, Chapter 19 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Florus Tyrannius Priseus Cestius
Tyrannius Priseus, the muster-master of the army, and a great number of the officers of the horse, had been corrupted by Florus, and diverted him from that his attempt
Book II, Chapter 19 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · on the fourth day, which was the thirtieth of the month Hyperbereteus, [Tisri,]
when he had put his army in array, he brought it into the city. Now for the people, they were kept under by the seditious; but the seditious themselves were greatly affrighted at the good order of the Romans, and retired from the suburbs, and retreated into the inner part of the city, and into the temple. But when Cestius was come into the city, he set the part called Bezetha, which is called Cenopolis, [or the new city,] on fire; as he did also to the timber market; after which he came into the upper city, and pitched his camp over against the royal palace
Book II, Chapter 19 · on the third day
when on the third day he saw a still much greater number of enemies, and all the parts round about him full of Jews, he understood that his delay was to his own detriment, and that if he staid any longer there, he should have still more enemies upon him.
Book II, Chapter 19 · 📍 [[Antipatris]] · on the eighth day of the month Dius, [Marchesvan,] in the twelfth year of the reign of Nero
while they had themselves lost a few only, but had slain of the Romans five thousand and three hundred footmen, and three hundred and eighty horsemen. This defeat happened on the eighth day of the month Dius, [Marchesvan,] in the twelfth year of the reign of Nero.
Book II, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Achaia]]
Cestius Saul Costobarus Philip the son of Jacimus
However, Cestius sent Saul and his friends, at their own desire, to Achaia, to Nero, to inform him of the great distress they were in, and to lay the blame of their kindling the war upon Florus, as hoping to alleviate his own danger, by provoking his indignation against Florus.
Book II, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Joseph the son of Gorion Ananus
Joseph also, the son of Gorion, 31 and Ananus the high priest, were chosen as governors of all affairs within the city, and with a particular charge to repair the walls of the city;
Book II, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
However, the want they were in of Eleazar's money, and the subtle tricks used by him, brought all so about, that the people were circumvented, and submitted themselves to his authority in all public affairs.
Book II, Chapter 20
Jesus the son of Sapphias Eleazar the son of Ananias Niger Joseph the son of Simon John the son of Matthias Josephus
They also chose other generals for Idumea; Jesus, the son of Sapphias, one of the high priests; and Eleazar, the son of Ananias, the high priest; they also enjoined Niger, the then governor of Idumea, 32 who was of a family that belonged to Perea, beyond Jordan, and was thence called the Peraite, that he should be obedient to those fore-named commanders. Nor did they neglect the care of other parts of the country; but Joseph the son of Simon was sent as general to Jericho, as was Manasseh to Perea, and John, the Esscue, to the toparchy of Thamna; Lydda was also added to his portion, and Joppa, and Emmaus. But John, the son of Matthias, was made governor of the toparchies of Gophnitica and Acrabattene; as was Josephus, the son of Matthias, of both the Galilees. Gamala also, which was the strongest city in those parts, was put under his command.
Book II, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
he chose out seventy of the most prudent men, and those elders in age, and appointed them to be rulers of all Galilee, as he chose seven judges in every city to hear the lesser quarrels;
Book II, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
Josephus also, when he had settled these rules for determining causes by the law, with regard to the people's dealings one with another, betook himself to make provisions for their safety against external violence; and as he knew the Romans would fall upon Galilee, he built walls in proper places about Jotapata, and Bersabee, and Selamis; and besides these, about Caphareccho, and Japha, and Sigo, and what they call Mount Tabor, and Taricheae, and Tiberias. Moreover, he built walls about the caves near the lake of Gennesar, which places lay in the Lower Galilee; the same he did to the places of Upper Galilee, as well as to the rock called the Rock of the Achabari, and to Seph, and Jamnith, and Meroth; and in Gaulonitis he fortified Seleucia, and Sogane, and Gamala; but as to those of Sepphoris, they were the only people to whom he gave leave to build their own walls, and this because he perceived they were rich and wealthy, and ready to go to war, without standing in need of any injunctions for that purpose. The case was the same with Gischala, which had a wall built about it by John the son of Levi himself, but with the consent of Josephus;
Book II, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
He also got together an army out of Galilee, of more than a hundred thousand young men, all of which he armed with the old weapons which he had collected together and prepared for them.
Book II, Chapter 20 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
but observing that their readiness in obeying orders was owing to the multitude of their officers, he made his partitions in his army more after the Roman manner, and appointed a great many subalterns. He also distributed the soldiers into various classes, whom he put under captains of tens, and captains of hundreds, and then under captains of thousands; and besides these, he had commanders of larger bodies of men.
Book II, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
as he got together a band of four hundred men, who came principally out of the country of Tyre, and were vagabonds that had run away from its villages; and by the means of these he laid waste all Galilee
Book II, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
and having the sole privilege so to do, he gathered an immense sum of money together, which money he immediately used to the disadvantage of him who gave him that privilege
Book II, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Tiberias]] · in two days' time
in two days' time he did what he came about; some he corrupted with delusive frauds, and others with money, and so persuaded them to revolt from Josephus.
Book II, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Tiberias]]
But as soon as Josephus had got the people of Tiberias together in the stadium, and tried to discourse with them about the letters that he had received, John privately sent some armed men, and gave them orders to slay him.
Book II, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Gischala]]
But he prevented their attempt, and fled away to Gischala, his native city, while the Galileans came running out of their several cities to Josephus
Book II, Chapter 21 · immediately
Whereupon three thousand of John's party left him immediately, who came to Josephus, and threw their arms down at his feet.
Book II, Chapter 21 · 📍 [[Tiberias]] · within a few days
within a few days Tiberias revolted again, the people within it inviting king Agrippa [to return to the exercise of his authority there].
Book II, Chapter 22 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
the high priest Artanus, and as many of the men of power as were not in the interest of the Romans, both repaired the walls, and made a great many warlike instruments
Book II, Chapter 22 · 📍 [[Acrabbene toparchy]]
Simon, the son of Gioras, got a great number of those that were fond of innovations together, and betook himself to ravage the country; nor did he only harass the rich men's houses, but tormented their bodies, and appeared openly and beforehand to affect tyranny in his government.
Book II, Chapter 22
And when an army was sent against him by Artanus, and the other rulers, he and his band retired to the robbers that were at Masada
Book II, Chapter 22 · 📍 [[Masada]]
he and his band retired to the robbers that were at Masada, and staid there, and plundered the country of Idumea with them
Book III, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Syria]]
while he himself, when he had passed over the Hellespont, came by land into Syria, where he gathered together the Roman forces, with a considerable number of auxiliaries from the kings in that neighborhood.
Book III, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Ascalon]]
Antonius Silas of Babylon John the Essene Niger
the fight lasted till the evening, till ten thousand men of the Jews' side lay dead, with two of their generals, John and Silas, and the greater part of the remainder were wounded, with Niger, their remaining general, who fled away together to a small city of Idumea, called Sallis.
Book III, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Ascalon]]
for Antonius laid ambushes for them in the passages they were to go through, where they fell into snares unexpectedly, and where they were encompassed about with horsemen, before they could form themselves into a regular body for fighting, and were above eight thousand of them slain; so all the rest of them ran away, and with them Niger
Book III, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Ptolemais]]
and at this time withal they received Vespasian, the Roman general, very kindly, and readily promised that they would assist him against their own countrymen.
Book III, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Ptolemais]] · At this city also
Now the general delivered them, at their desire, as many horsemen and footmen as he thought sufficient to oppose the incursions of the Jews
Book III, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Carmel]] · formerly
Galileans Tyrians
which mountain had formerly belonged to the Galileans, but now belonged to the Tyrians
Book III, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Gaba]]
Herod (king of Chalcis) horsemen
because those horsemen that were dismissed by Herod the king dwelt therein
Book III, Chapter 4
pitched their camp in two bodies in the great plain. The foot were put into the city to be a guard to it, but the horse lodged abroad in the camp.
Book III, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
nor did the Romans, out of the anger they bore at this attempt, leave off, either by night or by day, burning the places in the plain, and stealing away the cattle that were in the country, and killing whatsoever appeared capable of fighting perpetually, and leading the weaker people as slaves into captivity
Book III, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Ptolemais]]
he came suddenly to Ptolemais, and there finding his father, together with the two legions, the fifth and the tenth, which were the most eminent legions of all, he joined them to that fifteenth legion which was with his father
Book III, Chapter 4
Malchus also, the king of Arabia, sent a thousand horsemen, besides five thousand footmen, the greatest part of which were archers
Book III, Chapter 5 · as soon as they have marched into an enemy's land
Romans
for as soon as they have marched into an enemy's land, they do not begin to fight till they have walled their camp about
Book III, Chapter 5 · when they are to go out of their camp
Romans
when also they set fire to their camp, and this they do because it will be easy for them to erect another camp, and that it may not ever be of use to their enemies
Book III, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jotapata]]
However, three men of the Jews' side were slain, and a few wounded; so Placidus, finding himself unable to assault the city, ran away.
Book III, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
And thus did Vespasian march with his army, and came to the bounds of Galilee, where he pitched his camp and restrained his soldiers, who were eager for war; he also showed his army to the enemy, in order to affright them, and to afford them a season for repentance, to see whether they would change their minds before it came to a battle, and at the same time he got things ready for besieging their strong minds.
Book III, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Tiberias]]
so he took those that staid along with him, and fled to Tiberias.
Book III, Chapter 8 · on the third day
Thus he concealed himself two days; but on the third day, when they had taken a woman who had been with them, he was discovered.
Book III, Chapter 8
And as he was very desirous neither to be condemned by the lot, nor, if he had been left to the last, to imbrue his right hand in the blood of his countrymen, he persuaded him to trust his fidelity to him, and to live as well as himself.
Book III, Chapter 8
Thus Josephus escaped in the war with the Romans, and in this his own war with his friends, and was led by Nicanor to Vespasian. ... However, Vespasian gave strict orders that he should be kept with great caution, as though he would in a very little time send him to Nero.
Book III, Chapter 8
Yet did he not set Josephus at liberty from his hands, but bestowed on him suits of clothes, and other precious gifts; he treated him also in a very obliging manner, and continued so to do, Titus still joining his interest in the honors that were done him.
Book III, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Joppa]]
The Romans also took the city without opposition, and utterly demolished it.
Book III, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Joppa]]
But Vespasian, in order to prevent these pirates from coming thither any more, erected a camp there, where the citadel of Joppa had been
Book III, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · as the truth came out in time
But as the truth came out in time, it appeared how the affairs of Jotapata really stood; yet was it found that the death of Josephus was a fiction
Book III, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Tiberias]] · as soon as he was informed
But as soon as he was informed that Tiberias was fond of innovations, and that Taricheae had revolted, both which cities were parts of the kingdom of Agrippa, and was satisfied within himself that the Jews were every where perverted [from their obedience to their governors], he thought it seasonable to make an expedition against these cities
Book III, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Tiberias]]
Valerian Jesus (son of Shaphat)
their leader was one whose name was Jesus, the son of Shaphat, the principal head of a band of robbers. Now Valerian, neither thinking it safe to fight contrary to the commands of the general, though he were secure of a victory, and knowing that it was a very hazardous undertaking for a few to fight with many, for those that were unprovided to fight those that were ready, and being on other accounts surprised at this unexpected onset of the Jews, he ran away on foot, as did five of the rest in like manner, and left their horses behind them; which horses Jesus led away into the city
Book III, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Tiberias]]
Vespasian Agrippa (the present king) Jesus (son of Shaphat)
So when Vespasian and Agrippa had accepted of their right hands by way of security, Jesus and his party thought it not safe for them to continue at Tiberias, so they ran away to Taricheae.
Book III, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Tiberias]] · The next day
as soon as he knew that the people were of the same mind with the petitioner, he took his army, and went to the city; upon which the citizens opened to him their gates, and met him with acclamations of joy, and called him their savior and benefactor.
Book III, Chapter 10
But as the Romans were building a wall about their camp, Jesus and his party were neither affrighted at their number, nor at the good order they were in, but made a sally upon them; and at the very first onset the builders of the wall were dispersed; and these pulled what little they had before built to pieces; but as soon as they saw the armed men getting together, and before they had suffered any thing themselves, they retired to their own men.
Book III, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Taricheae]]
As soon as ever Titus had said this, he leaped upon his horse, and rode apace down to the lake; by which lake he marched, and entered into the city the first of them all, as did the others soon after him. Hereupon those that were upon the walls were seized with a terror at the boldness of the attempt, nor durst any one venture to fight with him, or to hinder him; so they left guarding the city, and some of those that were about Jesus fled over the country, while others of them ran down to the lake, and met the enemy in the teeth, and some were slain as they were getting up into the ships, but others of them as they attempted to overtake those that were already gone aboard. There was also a great slaughter made in the city, while those foreigners that had not fled away already made opposition; but the natural inhabitants were killed without fighting: for in hopes of Titus's giving them his right hand for their security, and out of a consciousness that they had not given any consent to the war, they avoided fighting, till Titus had slain the authors of this revolt, and then put a stop to any further slaughters, out of commiseration of these inhabitants of the place.
Book III, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Lake of Gennesareth]]
This was the upshot of the sea-fight. The number of the slain, including those that were killed in the city before, was six thousand and five hundred.
Book III, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Taricheae]]
Then came Vespasian, and ordered them all to stand in the stadium, and commanded them to kill the old men, together with the others that were useless, which were in number a thousand and two hundred.
Book III, Chapter 10
Vespasian Agrippa (the present king)
and sold the remainder for slaves, being thirty thousand and four hundred, besides such as he made a present of to Agrippa; for as to those that belonged to his kingdom, he gave him leave to do what he pleased with them; however, the king sold these also for slaves
Book IV, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Gamala]] · at this time
he was hit with a stone on his right elbow by one of the slingers
Book IV, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Gamala]]
the Romans were so overpowered by the greater multitude of the people, who beat them on every side, that they were obliged to run into the upper parts of the city
Book IV, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Gamala]]
he retired, though without showing his back to them till he was gotten out of the walls of the city
Book IV, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Mount Tabor]]
So they left Tabor, and fled to Jerusalem, while the people of the country came to terms with him, for their water failed them, and so they delivered up the mountain and themselves to Placidus.
Book IV, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Gamala]] · the two and twentieth day of the month Hyperbereteus
among whom was Joseph, who was slain by a dart, as he was running away over that part of the wall that was broken down
Book IV, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Gamala]] · the two and twentieth day of the month Hyperbereteus
Then it was that Chares, who was ill, and under the physician's hands, gave up the ghost, the fear he was in greatly contributing to make his distemper fatal to him.
Book IV, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Gamala]] · the three and twentieth day of the month Hyperbereteus
Philip (son of Jacimus) Jacimus
nor did any one escape except two women, who were the daughters of Philip, and Philip himself was the son of a certain eminent man called Jacimus
Book IV, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Gischala]]
It was John, the son of a certain man whose name was Levi, that drew them into this rebellion, and encouraged them in it.
Book IV, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Cydessa]]
God John the son of Levi Titus
Now this was the work of God, who therefore preserved this John, that he might bring on the destruction of Jerusalem; as also it was his work that Titus was prevailed with by this pretense for a delay, and that he pitched his camp further off the city at Cydessa.
Book IV, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · in the night time
Now, in the night time, when John saw that there was no Roman guard about the city, he seized the opportunity directly, and, taking with him not only the armed men that were about him, but a considerable number of those that had little to do, together with their families, he fled to Jerusalem.
Book IV, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Gischala]] · on the next day
Now on the next day Titus came to the wall, to make the agreement; whereupon the people opened their gates to him, and came out to him, with their children and wives
Book IV, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Gischala]]
However, he placed a garrison in the city for its security, by which means he should restrain those that were for innovations, and should leave those that were peaceably disposed in greater security.
Book IV, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Galilee]]
And thus was all Galilee taken, but this not till after it had cost the Romans much pains before it could be taken by them.
Book IV, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · upon John's entry into Jerusalem
Now upon John's entry into Jerusalem, the whole body of the people were in an uproar
Book IV, Chapter 3
John the son of Levi Sophas Raguel
Ten more men went along with him into the prison, with their swords drawn, and so they cut the throats of those that were in custody there.
Book IV, Chapter 3 · And now
And now the multitude were going to rise against them already; for Ananus, the ancientest of the high priests, persuaded them to it.
Book IV, Chapter 3 · And now
Gorion Symeon Jesus (son of Gamalas) Ananus
And now the people could no longer bear the insolence of this procedure, but did all together run zealously, in order to overthrow that tyranny
Book IV, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[the temple]] · when the multitude were gotten together to an assembly
the robbers could no longer oppose them, but were forced gradually to retire into the temple; when Ananus and his party fell into it at the same time together with them.
Book IV, Chapter 3 · at this time
but he divulged their secrets to the zealots, and every thing that the people deliberated about was by his means known to their enemies
Book IV, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[the temple]] · accordingly
So Ananus and his party believed his oath, and did now receive him to their consultations without further suspicion; nay, so far did they believe him, that they sent him as their ambassador into the temple to the zealots
Book IV, Chapter 4
Eleazar (son of Simon) Zacharias Ananias (first messenger) Ananias (second messenger)
However, it was resolved to call in the Idumeans; so they wrote a short letter to this effect:
Book IV, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
John (unresolved ch069) Jacob Simon son of Cathlas Phineas
and twenty thousand of them were put into battle-array, and came to Jerusalem, under four commanders, John, and Jacob the son of Sosas; and besides these were Simon, the son of Cathlas, and Phineas, the son of Clusothus.
Book IV, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
he ordered the gates to be shut against them, and that the walls should be guarded.
Book IV, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
But if you have some regard to these men's invitation of you, yet may you lay aside your arms, and come into the city under the notion of our kindred, and take upon you a middle name between that of auxiliaries and of enemies, and so become judges in this case.
Book IV, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Here will we abide before the walls in our armor, until either the Romans grow weary in waiting for you, or you become friends to liberty, and repent of what you have done against it.
Book IV, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · that night
Ananus Eleazar (son of Simon) Zacharias
as the night was far gone, and the storm very terrible, Ananus gave the guards in the cloisters leave to go to sleep; while it came into the heads of the zealots to make use of the saws belonging to the temple, and to cut the bars of the gates to pieces.
Book IV, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Eleazar (son of Simon) Zacharias Simon son of Cathlas John (unresolved ch069) Jacob Phineas
So they secretly went out of the temple to the wall of the city, and made use of their saws, and opened that gate which was over against the Idumeans.
Book IV, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Eleazar (son of Simon) Zacharias Simon son of Cathlas John (unresolved ch069) Jacob Phineas
but as they first of all made haste to get the zealots out of custody
Book IV, Chapter 5 · 📍 [[temple]]
So two of the boldest of them fell upon Zacharias in the middle of the temple, and slew him;
Book IV, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Idumeans Simon (son of Giora)
they set those that were in the prisons at liberty, being about two thousand of the populace, who thereupon fled away immediately to Simon
Book IV, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Idumeans
After which these Idumeans retired from Jerusalem, and went home
Book IV, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
zealots Gorion
on which account they slew Gorion, a person eminent in dignity, and on account of his family also
Book IV, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
zealots Niger of Peres
Nor did Niger of Peres escape their hands; he had been a man of great valor in their war with the Romans
Book IV, Chapter 6
Vespasian Romans
if they now go and attack the city immediately, they shall but occasion their enemies to unite together
Book IV, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · every day
Jews zealots Romans
So the upshot was this, that the rich purchased their flight by money, while none but the poor were slain.
Book IV, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
zealots
the same punishment was allotted to such as buried any as to those that deserted, which was no other than death
Book IV, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Gadara]] · on the fourth day of the month Dystrus [Adar]
so they seized upon Dolesus, [a person not only the first in rank and family in that city, but one that seemed the occasion of sending such an embassy,] and slew him, and treated his dead body after a barbarous manner, so very violent was their anger at him, and then ran out of the city.
Book IV, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Gadara]] · on the fourth day of the month Dystrus [Adar]
Accordingly, he marched against Gadara, the metropolis of Perea, which was a place of strength, and entered that city on the fourth day of the month Dystrus [Adar]; for the men of power had sent an embassage to him, without the knowledge of the seditious, to treat about a surrender;
Book IV, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Gadara]]
the people of Gadara admitted Vespasian with joyful acclamations, and received from him the security of his right hand, as also a garrison of horsemen and footmen, to guard them against the excursions of the runagates;
Book IV, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Gadara]]
And now Vespasian sent Placidus against those that had fled from Gadara, with five hundred horsemen, and three thousand footmen, while he returned himself to Cesarea, with the rest of the army.
Book IV, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Bethennabris]]
when Placidus made an assault upon them, and fighting courageously till it was dark, he got possession of the wall, and of the people that were in the city, when the useless multitude were destroyed; but those that were more potent ran away, and the soldiers plundered the houses, and set the village on fire.
Book IV, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Jordan]]
At which fight, hand to hand, fifteen thousand of them were slain, while the number of those that were unwillingly forced to leap into Jordan was prodigious. There were besides two thousand and two hundred taken prisoners.
Book IV, Chapter 7 · 📍 [[Perea]]
He then put his soldiers on board the ships, and slew such as had fled to the lake, insomuch that all Perea had either surrendered themselves, or were taken by the Romans, as far as Machaerus.
Book IV, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Lydda and Jamnia]] · at the beginning of the spring
and when both these cities had come over to him, he placed a great many of those that had come over to him [from other places] as inhabitants therein
Book IV, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Betaris and Caphartobas]]
and when he had seized upon two villages, which were in the very midst of Idumea, Betaris and Caphartobas, he slew above ten thousand of the people, and carried into captivity above a thousand
Book IV, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Jericho]]
which Joshua, the son of Naue, the general of the Hebrews, took the first of all the cities of the land of Canaan, by right of war.
Book IV, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[Jericho]]
after which he stretched out his righteous hand unto heaven, and, pouring out a mild drink-offering, he made this supplication, That the current might be mollified, and that the veins of fresh water might be opened;
Book IV, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[the lake Asphaltites]]
Accordingly, when Vespasian went to see it, he commanded that some who could not swim should have their hands tied behind them, and be thrown into the deep, when it so happened that they all swam as if a wind had forced them upwards.
Book IV, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[suburbs of Rome]]
he was informed that Nero was dead, after he had reigned thirteen years and eight days. But as to any narration after what manner he abused his power in the government, and committed the management of affairs to those vile wretches, Nymphidius and Tigellinus, his unworthy freed-men; and how he had a plot laid against him by them, and was deserted by all his guards, and ran away with four of his most trusty freed-men, and slew himself in the suburbs of Rome;
Book IV, Chapter 9
Antonius Primus Mucianus Vitellius (Roman emperor)
how also the war in Gall ended; and how Galba was made emperor 16 and returned out of Spain to Rome; and how he was accused by the soldiers as a pusillanimous person, and slain by treachery in the middle of the market-place at Rome, and Otho was made emperor; with his expedition against the commanders of Vitellius, and his destruction thereupon; and besides what troubles there were under Vitellius, and the fight that was about the capitol; as also how Antonius Primus and Mucianus slew Vitellius, and his German legions, and thereby put an end to that civil war;
Book IV, Chapter 9
So he proclaimed liberty to those in slavery, and a reward to those already free, and got together a set of wicked men from all quarters.
Book IV, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Herodium]]
The garrison received this man readily, while they knew nothing of what he came about; but as soon as he talked of the surrender of the place, they fell upon him with their drawn swords, till he found that he had no place for flight, when he threw himself down from the wall into the valley beneath; so he died immediately;
Book IV, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Alurus]]
Now there was one of their commanders named Jacob, who offered to serve them readily upon that occasion, but had it in his mind to betray them. He went therefore from the village Alurus, wherein the army of the Idumeans were gotten together, and came to Simon, and at the very first he agreed to betray his country to him, and took assurances upon oath from him that he should always have him in esteem, and then promised him that he would assist him in subduing all Idumea under him; upon which account he was feasted after an obliging manner by Simon, and elevated by his mighty promises; and when he was returned to his own men, he at first belied the army of Simon, and said it was manifold more in number than what it was; after which, he dexterously persuaded the commanders, and by degrees the whole multitude, to receive Simon, and to surrender the whole government up to him without fighting.
Book IV, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Judea]]
So he went up to the mountainous country, and took those two toparchies that were called the Gophnitick and Acrabattene toparchies. After which he took Bethel and Ephraim, two small cities;
Book IV, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · in the third year of the war, in the month Xanthicus [Nisan]
Simon (son of Giora) John (brother of Judas)
And thus did Simon get possession of Jerusalem, in the third year of the war, in the month Xanthicus [Nisan]; whereupon John, with his multitude of zealots, as being both prohibited from coming out of the temple, and having lost their power in the city, [for Simon and his party had plundered them of what they had,] were in despair of deliverance.
Book IV, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Rome]] · at this very time
for Vitellius was come from Germany with his soldiery, and drew along with him a great multitude of other men besides. And when the spaces allotted for soldiers could not contain them, he made all Rome itself his camp, and filled all the houses with his armed men
Book IV, Chapter 10 · at length
they declared Vespasian emperor, 22 and exhorted him to save the government, which was now in danger. Now Vespasian's concern had been for a considerable time about the public, yet did he not intend to set up for governor himself
Book IV, Chapter 10 · at length
And when he had shown his reluctance a great while, and had endeavored to thrust away this dominion from him, he at length, being not able to persuade them, yielded to their solicitations that would salute him emperor.
Book IV, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Alexandria]] · as soon as ever Alexander had read this letter
Now as soon as ever Alexander had read this letter, he readily obliged the legions and the multitude to take the oath of fidelity to Vespasian, both which willingly complied with him
Book IV, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Berytus]] · Vespasian then
the legions also that were in Mysia and Pannonia, who had been in commotion a little before, on account of this insolent attempt of Vitellius, were very glad to take the oath of fidelity to Vespasian, upon his coming to the empire.
Book IV, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Cremona]]
Cecinna Antonius Primus Vitellius (Roman emperor)
but when he saw there that the enemy were numerous and in good order, he durst not fight them; and as he thought a retreat dangerous, so he began to think of betraying his army to Antonius. Accordingly, he assembled the centurions and tribunes that were under his command, and persuaded them to go over to Antonius
Book IV, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Cremona]]
Antonius Primus Vitellius (Roman emperor)
and fell into the city together with the rest, and gave leave to his soldiers to plunder it. And here it was that many strangers, who were merchants, as well as many of the people of that country, perished, and among them Vitellius's whole army
Book IV, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Sabinus Vitellius (Roman emperor)
Sabinus himself was brought to Vitellius, and then slain
Book IV, Chapter 11 · 📍 [[Rome]] · on the third day of the month Apelleus [Casleu]
and being drawn along through the multitude, and abused with all sorts of torments, had his head cut off in the midst of Rome, having retained the government eight months and five days
Book V, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[Cesarea]]
for Titus, when he had gotten together part of his forces about him, and had ordered the rest to meet him at Jerusalem, marched out of Cesarea.
Book V, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[the inner court of the temple]]
Eleazar, the son of Simon John (unresolved ch077) Judas the son of Chelcias Simon the son of Ezron Hezekiah, the son of Chobar
So he being desirous of gaining the entire power and dominion to himself, revolted from John, and took to his assistance Judas the son of Chelcias, and Simon the son of Ezron, who were among the men of greatest power. There was also with him Hezekiah, the son of Chobar, a person of eminence. Each of these were followed by a great many of the zealots; these seized upon the inner court of the temple
Book V, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[the upper city]]
But now the tyrant Simon, the son of Gioras, whom the people had invited in, out of the hopes they had of his assistance in the great distresses they were in, having in his power the upper city, and a great part of the lower
Book V, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[the city]]
John (unresolved ch077) Simon, the son of Gioras
The same thing was done by Simon, when, upon the other's retreat, he attacked the city also; as if they had, on purpose, done it to serve the Romans, by destroying what the city had laid up against the siege, and by thus cutting off the nerves of their own power.
Book V, Chapter 1
There followed him also three thousand drawn from those that guarded the river Euphrates; as also there came Tiberius Alexander, who was a friend of his, most valuable, both for his good-will to him, and for his prudence. He had formerly been governor of Alexandria, but was now thought worthy to be general of the army [under Titus].
Book V, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Women's Towers]]
Titus Jews
They intercepted Titus also, with a few other. Now it was here impossible for him to go forward, because all the places had trenches dug in them from the wall, to preserve the gardens round about, and were full of gardens obliquely situated, and of many hedges; and to return back to his own men, he saw it was also impossible, by reason of the multitude of the enemies that lay between them; many of whom did not so much as know that the king was in any danger, but supposed him still among them. So he perceived that his preservation must be wholly owing to his own courage, and turned his horse about, and cried out aloud to those that were about him to follow him, and ran with violence into the midst of his enemies, in order to force his way through them to his own men. And hence we may principally learn, that both the success of wars, and the dangers that kings 7 are in, are under the providence of God; for while such a number of darts were thrown at Titus, when he had neither his head-piece on, nor his breastplate, [for, as I told you, he went out not to fight, but to view the city,] none of them touched his body, but went aside without hurting him; as if all of them missed him on purpose, and only made a noise as they passed by him. So he diverted those perpetually with his sword that came on his side, and overturned many of those that directly met him, and made his horse ride over those that were overthrown. The enemy indeed made a shout at the boldness of Caesar, and exhorted one another to rush upon him. Yet did these against whom he marched fly away, and go off from him in great numbers; while those that were in the same danger with him kept up close to him, though they were wounded both on their backs and on their sides; for they had each of them but this one hope of escaping, if they could assist Titus in opening himself a way, that he might not be encompassed round by his enemies before he got away from them. Now there were two of those that were with him, but at some distance; the one of which the enemy compassed round, and slew him with their darts, and his horse also; but the other they slew as he leaped down from his horse, and carried off his horse with them. But Titus escaped with the rest, and came safe to the camp.
Book V, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Scopus]] · when it was day
Titus Romans
And here it was that Titus ordered a camp to be fortified for two legions that were to be together; but ordered another camp to be fortified, at three furlongs farther distance behind them, for the fifth legion
Book V, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Jews
this foreign war, now suddenly come upon them after a violent manner, put the first stop to their contentions one against another; and as the seditious now saw with astonishment the Romans pitching three several camps, they began to think of an awkward sort of concord
Book V, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Mount of Olives]]
Jews Romans Titus
Nay, things looked as though the entire legion would have been in danger, unless Titus had been informed of the case they were in, and had sent them succors immediately. So he reproached them for their cowardice, and brought those back that were running away, and fell himself upon the Jews on their flank, with those select troops that were with him, and slew a considerable number, and wounded more of them, and put them all to flight, and made them run away hastily down the valley.
Book V, Chapter 2 · a little after noon
Titus Romans Jews
Caesar did twice deliver that entire legion when it was in jeopardy, and gave them a quiet opportunity of fortifying their camp.
Book V, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[inner temple]] · on the feast of unleavened bread
These followers of John also did now seize upon this inner temple, and upon all the warlike engines therein
Book V, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Scopus]] · in four days
and thereby made all the place level from Scopus to Herod's monuments
Book V, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Women's Towers]]
the Jews ran out and encompassed them round, and fell upon them behind, while that multitude which stood upon the wall threw a heap of stones and darts of all kinds at them, insomuch that they slew a considerable number, and wounded many more
Book V, Chapter 3
So Caesar complied with their desires, and with what prudence dictated to him also; for he esteemed it fit to punish single persons by real executions, but that the punishment of great multitudes should proceed no further than reproofs; so he was reconciled to the soldiers
Book V, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[north quarter of the city]]
he set the strongest part of his army over against that wall which lay on the north quarter of the city, and over against the western part of it
Book V, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Agrippa (son of Aristobulus and Bernice)
It was Agrippa who encompassed the parts added to the old city with this wall, which had been all naked before;
Book V, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Agrippa (son of Aristobulus and Bernice) Claudius Caesar
but he left off building it when he had only laid the foundations, out of the fear he was in of Claudius Caesar
Book V, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros)
hard by two others were erected by king Herod, in the old wall.
Book V, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
Herod (son of Antipater and Cypros) Mariamne
This wife he had slain, out of his love [and jealousy], as we have already related;
Book V, Chapter 5 · 📍 [[temple]]
These nine gates had that silver and gold poured upon them by Alexander, the father of Tiberius.
Book V, Chapter 6 · On this account
was provoked to press on the siege. He also at the same time gave his soldiers leave to set the suburbs on fire
Book V, Chapter 6
Simon (unresolved ch082) John (unresolved ch082)
So on both sides they laid aside their hatred and their peculiar quarrels, and formed themselves into one body
Book V, Chapter 6 · 📍 [[tower Hippicus]]
Caesar took the stoutest of his horsemen, and attacked the enemy, while he himself slew twelve of those that were in the forefront of the Jews
Book V, Chapter 6 · at this fight
a certain Jew was taken alive, who, by Titus's order, was crucified before the wall
Book V, Chapter 6 · immediately
was wounded by a dart shot at him by an Arabian, and died immediately
Book V, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[the city]] · on the fifth day after he had taken the first
Now Caesar took this wall there on the fifth day after he had taken the first; and when the Jews had fled from him, he entered into it with a thousand armed men
Book V, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[the city]]
he did not permit his soldiers to kill any of those they caught, nor to set fire to their houses neither; nay, he gave leave to the seditious, if they had a mind, to fight without any harm to the people, and promised to restore the people's effects to them
Book V, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[the city]]
he stood himself where was the greatest multitude of his enemies, and with his darts he put a stop to them; as with him did Domitius Sabinus also, a valiant man, and one that in this battle appeared so to be. Thus did Caesar continue to shoot darts at the Jews continually, and to hinder them from coming upon his men, and this until all his soldiers had retreated out of the city.
Book V, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[the city]]
And thus were the Romans driven out, after they had possessed themselves of the second wall.
Book V, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[the city]] · on the fourth day
Thus did they valiantly defend themselves for three days; but on the fourth day they could not support themselves against the vehement assaults of Titus but were compelled by force to fly whither they had fled before; so he quietly possessed himself again of that wall, and demolished it entirely.
Book V, Chapter 8 · 📍 [[the city]]
And when he had put a garrison into the towers that were on the south parts of the city, he contrived how he might assault the third wall.
Book V, Chapter 9 · now
A Resolution was now taken by Titus to relax the siege for a little while, and to afford the seditious an interval for consideration
Book V, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[tower of Antonia and John's monument]] · on the fifth day
But on the fifth day, when no signs of peace appeared to come from the Jews, Titus divided his legions, and began to raise banks, both at the tower of Antonia and at John's monument.
Book V, Chapter 9 · 📍 [[tower of Antonia and John's monument]]
the Idumeans, and those that were in arms with Simon, made sallies upon them, and put some stop to them
Book V, Chapter 9 · While Josephus was making this exhortation
many of them jested upon him from the wall, and many reproached him; nay, some threw their darts at him
Book V, Chapter 9 · in one night
when an angel of God destroyed that prodigious army in one night
Book V, Chapter 10 · immediately
John (unresolved ch086) Simon (unresolved ch086)
and if any one did but afford the least shadow of suspicion of such an intention, his throat was cut immediately.
Book V, Chapter 10
John (unresolved ch086) Simon (unresolved ch086) Jotre
but for the men that were in dignity, and withal were rich, they were carried before the tyrants themselves; some of whom were falsely accused of laying treacherous plots, and so were destroyed; others of them were charged with designs of betraying the city to the Romans
Book V, Chapter 10
John (unresolved ch086) Simon (unresolved ch086) Jotre
And he who was utterly despoiled of what he had by Simon was sent back again to John, as of those who had been already plundered by Jotre, Simon got what remained
Book V, Chapter 10
John (unresolved ch086) Simon (unresolved ch086) Jotre
insomuch that they drank the blood of the populace to one another, and divided the dead bodies of the poor creatures between them
Book V, Chapter 10
John (unresolved ch086) Simon (unresolved ch086) Jotre
Finally, they brought the Hebrew nation into contempt, that they might themselves appear comparatively less impious with regard to strangers. They confessed what was true, that they were the slaves, the scum, and the spurious and abortive offspring of our nation, while they overthrew the city themselves
Book V, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[the temple]]
John (unresolved ch086) Simon (unresolved ch086) Jotre
and did almost draw that fire upon the temple, which they seemed to think came too slowly; and indeed when they saw that temple burning from the upper city, they were neither troubled at it, nor did they shed any tears on that account
Book V, Chapter 12
That therefore his opinion was, that if they aimed at quickness joined with security, they must build a wall round about the whole city;
Book V, Chapter 12
So Titus gave orders that the army should be distributed to their several shares of this work;
Book V, Chapter 12 · the second watch
the second watch he allotted to Alexander;
Book V, Chapter 12 · 📍 [[tower of Antonia]]
Titus, out of his commiseration of the people that remained, and out of his earnest desire of rescuing what was still left out of these miseries, began to raise his banks again
Book VI, Chapter 1 · that night
that night the wall was so shaken by the battering rams in that place where John had used his stratagem before, and had undermined their banks, that the ground then gave way, and the wall fell down suddenly.
Book VI, Chapter 1 · just about the sixth hour of the day
However, he got upon his knee, and covered himself with his shield, and at the first defended himself against them, and wounded many of those that came near him; but he was soon forced to relax his right hand, by the multitude of the wounds that had been given him, till at length he was quite covered over with darts before he gave up the ghost.
Book VI, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[temple]]
Thus when Julian had struggled with death a great while, and had let but few of those that had given him his mortal wound go off unhurt, he had at last his throat cut, though not without some difficulty, and left behind him a very great fame, not only among the Romans, and with Caesar himself, but among his enemies also; then did the Jews catch up his dead body, and put the Romans to flight again, and shut them up in the tower of Antonia.
Book VI, Chapter 1 · 📍 [[temple]] · from the ninth hour of the night till the seventh hour of the day
John (unresolved ch090) Simon (unresolved ch090)
At length the Jews' violent zeal was too hard for the Romans' skill, and the battle already inclined entirely that way; for the fight had lasted from the ninth hour of the night till the seventh hour of the day, While the Jews came on in crowds, and had the danger the temple was in for their motive; the Romans having no more here than a part of their army; for those legions, on which the soldiers on that side depended, were not come up to them. So it was at present thought sufficient by the Romans to take possession of the tower of Antonia.
Book VI, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[tower of Antonia]] · And now
And now Titus gave orders to his soldiers that were with him to dig up the foundations of the tower of Antonia, and make him a ready passage for his army to come up
Book VI, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[Gophna]] · when they might quietly get away
Joseph (unresolved ch091) Jesus Titus
Some also there were who, watching a proper opportunity when they might quietly get away, fled to the Romans, of whom were the high priests Joseph and Jesus, and of the sons of high priests three, whose father was Ishmael, who was beheaded in Cyrene, and four sons of Matthias, as also one son of the other Matthias, who ran away after his father's death, 9 and whose father was slain by Simon the son of Gioras, with three of his sons, as I have already related; many also of the other nobility went over to the Romans, together with the high priests. Now Caesar not only received these men very kindly in other respects, but, knowing they would not willingly live after the customs of other nations, he sent them to Gophna, and desired them to remain there for the present
Book VI, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[temple]] · about the ninth hour of that night
choosing thirty soldiers of the most valiant out of every hundred, and committing a thousand to each tribune, and making Cerealis their commander-in-chief, he gave orders that they should attack the guards of the temple about the ninth hour of that night.
Book VI, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[tower of Antonia]] · in seven days' time
In the mean time, the rest of the Roman army had, in seven days' time, overthrown [some] foundations of the tower of Antonia, and had made a ready and broad way to the temple.
Book VI, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[high priest John's monument]]
Jonathan (challenger of Pudens) Pudens
he fell down, and as he was down, Jonathan came running to him, and cut his throat
Book VI, Chapter 2 · 📍 [[high priest John's monument]] · till at length
Jonathan (challenger of Pudens) Pudens Priscus
till at length one Priscus, a centurion, shot a dart at him as he was leaping and playing the fool with himself, and thereby pierced him through; upon which a shout was set up both by the Jews and the Romans, though on different accounts. So Jonathan grew giddy by the pain of his wounds, and fell down upon the body of his adversary
Book VI, Chapter 3 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]] · at this time
As soon as she had said this, she slew her son, and then roasted him, and eat the one half of him, and kept the other half by her concealed.
Book VI, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[inner temple]] · on the eighth day of the month Lous [Ab]
But when Titus perceived that his endeavors to spare a foreign temple turned to the damage of his soldiers, and then be killed, he gave order to set the gates on fire.
Book VI, Chapter 4 · In the mean time
Ananus Archelaus (son of Magadatus) Titus
However, the security he had promised deserters overcame his resentments, and he dismissed them accordingly, though he did not give them the same privileges that he had afforded to others.
Book VI, Chapter 4 · on the next day
Titus Tiberius Alexander Sextus Cerealis Larcius Lepidus Titus Frigius Eternius Marcus Antonius Julianus
So he commanded that the chosen men that were taken out of the cohorts should make their way through the ruins, and quench the fire.
Book VI, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[inner [court of the] temple]] · about the fifth hour of the day
Hereupon the Jews found themselves not able to sustain their onset, and upon the slaughter of those in the forefront, many of the rest were put to flight.
Book VI, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[holy house]] · the tenth day of the month Lous, [Ab,]
As the flames went upward, the Jews made a great clamor, such as so mighty an affliction required, and ran together to prevent it;
Book VI, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[holy house]]
But they did not hear what he said, though he spake so loud, having their ears already dimmed by a greater noise another way;
Book VI, Chapter 4 · 📍 [[holy house]]
And thus was the holy house burnt down, without Caesar's approbation.
Book VI, Chapter 10 · 📍 [[Jerusalem]]
But he who first built it was a potent man among the Canaanites, and is in our own tongue called [Melchisedek], the Righteous King, for such he really was; on which account he was [there] the first priest of God, and first built a temple [there], 35 and called the city Jerusalem, which was formerly called Salem.