History of the Peloponnesian War — Chronicle
Ordered by chapter. The text marks time by successive years of the war and by summers and winters, but gives no calendar years; this chronicle follows chapter order, preserves the text's time expressions, and does not convert them into dates. Every event links back to one sentence of the original.
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848 events · no calendar year read from the text
Undated
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Phthiotis]]
It was not till Hellen and his sons grew strong in Phthiotis, and were invited as allies into the other cities, that one by one they gradually acquired from the connection the name of Hellenes
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Asia]]
First of all Pelops, arriving among a needy population from Asia with vast wealth, acquired such power that, stranger though he was, the country was called after him;
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Mycenæ]]
Atreus was his mother’s brother; and to the hands of his relation, who had left his father on account of the death of Chrysippus, Eurystheus, when he set out on his expedition, had committed Mycenæ and the government.
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Attica]]
Eurystheus had been killed in Attica by the Heraclids.
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Mycenæ]] · As time went on and Eurystheus did not return
And so the power of the descendants of Pelops came to be greater than that of the descendants of Perseus.
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Troy]]
What enabled Agamemnon to raise the armament was more, in my opinion, his superiority in strength, than the oaths of Tyndareus, which bound the suitors to follow him.
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 3 · 📍 [[the coast]]
stopped not till he had reduced the cities of the coast
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 3 · 📍 [[the islands]]
the islands being only left to be subdued by Darius and the Phoenician navy.
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 3
Hippias, the eldest of the sons of Pisistratus, was really supreme
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 3 · on the very day, nay at the very moment fixed on for the deed
suspecting, on the very day, nay at the very moment fixed on for the deed, that information had been conveyed to Hippias by their accomplices, concluded that he had been warned, and did not attack him
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 3 · 📍 [[near the temple of the daughters of Leos]]
Harmodius Aristogiton Hipparchus
fell upon Hipparchus near the temple of the daughters of Leos, and slew him as he was arranging the Panathenaic procession.
Book 1 · Chapter 1 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Hellas]]
Athenians Peloponnesians
All this came upon them with the late war, which was begun by the Athenians and Peloponnesians by the dissolution of the thirty years’ truce made after the conquest of Euboea.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epidamnus]]
The place is a colony from Corcyra, founded by Phalius, son of Eratocleides, of the family of the Heraclids, who had according to ancient usage been summoned for the purpose from Corinth, the mother country.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epidamnus]]
Aristeus son of Pellichas Pellichas Callicrates Callias Timanor Timanthes Archetimus Eurytimus Isarchidas Isarchus
Turning a deaf ear to all these proposals, when their ships were manned and their allies had come in, the Corinthians sent a herald before them to declare war and, getting under way with seventy-five ships and two thousand heavy infantry, sailed for Epidamnus to give battle to the Corcyraeans. The fleet was under the command of Aristeus, son of Pellichas, Callicrates, son of Callias, and Timanor, son of Timanthes; the troops under that of Archetimus, son of Eurytimus, and Isarchidas, son of Isarchus.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Actium]] · the same day
Aristeus son of Pellichas Pellichas Callicrates Callias Timanor Timanthes
they put out to sea to meet the enemy with a fleet of eighty sail (forty were engaged in the siege of Epidamnus), formed line, and went into action, and gained a decisive victory, and destroyed fifteen of the Corinthian vessels.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Leukimme]] · After the engagement
Corcyraeans
After the engagement the Corcyraeans set up a trophy on Leukimme, a headland of Corcyra
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · After the engagement
Corcyraeans
and slew all their captives except the Corinthians, whom they kept as prisoners of war.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · After the engagement
Corinthians their allies
Defeated at sea, the Corinthians and their allies repaired home, and left the Corcyraeans masters of all the sea about those parts.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Leucas]]
Corcyraeans
Sailing to Leucas, a Corinthian colony, they ravaged their territory
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Cyllene]]
Corcyraeans
and burnt Cyllene, the harbour of the Eleans, because they had furnished ships and money to Corinth.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Actium]] · in the fall of the summer
Corinth
At last Corinth, roused by the sufferings of her allies, sent out ships and troops in the fall of the summer, who formed an encampment at Actium and about Chimerium, in Thesprotis, for the protection of Leucas and the rest of the friendly cities.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Leukimme]]
Corcyraeans
The Corcyraeans on their part formed a similar station on Leukimme.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · before either of them returned home
Corinthians their allies
Neither party made any movement, but they remained confronting each other till the end of the summer, and winter was at hand before either of them returned home.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · the whole of the year after the engagement and that succeeding it
Corinth
Corinth, exasperated by the war with the Corcyraeans, spent the whole of the year after the engagement and that succeeding it in building ships, and in straining every nerve to form an efficient fleet
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Corcyraeans
decided to repair to Athens in order to enter into alliance and to endeavour to procure support from her.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Corinth
Corinth also, hearing of their intentions, sent an embassy to Athens to prevent the Corcyraean navy being joined by the Athenian
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Athenians Corcyraeans Corinthians
An assembly was convoked, and the rival advocates appeared: the Corcyraeans spoke as follows:
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Epidamnus]]
Corcyra Corinth Epidamnus
Epidamnus, our dependency, which they took no steps to claim in its distress upon our coming to relieve it, was by them seized, and is now held by force of arms.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 3
Corcyra Corinth
it was not before they laid siege to the place, but after they at length understood that we should not tamely suffer it, that they thought of the specious word arbitration.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 4 · not long afterwards
Lacedaemonius Diotimus Proteas
With these views, Athens received Corcyra into alliance and, on the departure of the Corinthians not long afterwards, sent ten ships to their assistance. They were commanded by Lacedaemonius, the son of Cimon, Diotimus, the son of Strombichus, and Proteas, the son of Epicles.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Chimerium]] · by night
When the Corinthian preparations were completed, they took three days’ provisions and put out from Chimerium by night, ready for action.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 4
But where the Corinthians themselves were, on the left, they gained a decided success;
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 4
Lacedaemonius Diotimus Proteas
Seeing the Corcyraeans hard pressed, the Athenians began at length to assist them more unequivocally.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 4
Lacedaemonius Diotimus Proteas Xenoclides
At first, it is true, they refrained from charging any ships; but when the rout was becoming patent, and the Corinthians were pressing on, the time at last came when every one set to, and all distinction was laid aside, and it came to this point, that the Corinthians and Athenians raised their hands against each other.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Leukimme]] · not long after they were sighted
The Corcyraeans were in their camp at Leukimme, when these twenty ships from Athens, under the command of Glaucon, the son of Leagrus, and Andocides, son of Leogoras, bore on through the corpses and the wrecks, and sailed up to the camp, not long after they were sighted.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 5 · Almost immediately after this
Not only was Corinth at length openly hostile, but Perdiccas, son of Alexander, king of the Macedonians, had from an old friend and ally been made an enemy. He had been made an enemy by the Athenians entering into alliance with his brother Philip and Derdas, who were in league against him.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]]
In his alarm he had sent to Lacedaemon to try and involve the Athenians in a war with the Peloponnesians, and was endeavouring to win over Corinth in order to bring about the revolt of Potidæa. He also made overtures to the Chalcidians in the direction of Thrace, and to the Bottiaeans, to persuade them to join in the revolt
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 5
He also made overtures to the Chalcidians in the direction of Thrace, and to the Bottiaeans, to persuade them to join in the revolt
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Potidæa]] · immediately after the battle at Corcyra
The Potidæans, who inhabit the isthmus of Pallene, being a Corinthian colony, but tributary allies of Athens, were ordered to raze the wall looking towards Pallene, to give hostages, to dismiss the Corinthian magistrates, and in future not to receive the persons sent from Corinth annually to succeed them.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Potidæa]] · just then
They were just then sending off thirty ships and a thousand heavy infantry for his country under the command of Archestratus, son of Lycomedes, with four colleagues. They instructed the captains to take hostages of the Potidæans, to raze the wall, and to be on their guard against the revolt of the neighbouring cities.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Olynthus]] · while the war against the Athenians should last
And Perdiccas induced the Chalcidians to abandon and demolish their towns on the seaboard and, settling inland at Olynthus, to make that one city a strong place: meanwhile to those who followed his advice he gave a part of his territory in Mygdonia round Lake Bolbe as a place of abode while the war against the Athenians should last.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Macedonia]] · Subsequently
Subsequently they came to terms and concluded a forced alliance with Perdiccas, hastened by the calls of Potidæa and by the arrival of Aristeus at that place.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Olynthus]]
while the command of the cavalry was given to Perdiccas, who had at once left the alliance of the Athenians and gone back to that of the Potidæans, having deputed Iolaus as his general:
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Potidæa]]
Aristeus son of Adimantus Callias
The Potidæans and their allies had close upon three hundred killed; the Athenians a hundred and fifty of their own citizens, and Callias their general.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Potidæa]]
Not without difficulty, through a storm of missiles, he passed along by the breakwater through the sea, and brought off most of his men safe, though a few were lost.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Potidæa]] · some time afterwards
No one venturing to meet him in the field, he raised works against the wall on the side of Pallene. So at length Potidæa was strongly invested on either side, and from the sea by the ships co-operating in the blockade.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Potidæa]]
Aristeus, seeing its investment complete, and having no hope of its salvation, except in the event of some movement from the Peloponnese, or of some other improbable contingency, advised all except five hundred to watch for a wind and sail out of the place, in order that their provisions might last the longer. He was willing to be himself one of those who remained. Unable to persuade them
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Potidæa]]
He eluded the guardships of the Athenians and sailed out.
Book 1 · Chapter 2 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Sermylians]]
Remaining among the Chalcidians, he continued to carry on the war; in particular he laid an ambuscade near the city of the Sermylians, and cut off many of them;
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Potidæa]]
Athenians Potidæa
her colony of Potidæa, and Corinthian and Peloponnesian citizens within it, were being besieged
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Corcyra]]
Athenians Corcyra
their reception of Corcyra by fraud, and their holding it against us by force
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Megarians Athenians
the fact of their exclusion from the ports of the Athenian empire and the market of Athens, in defiance of the treaty
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · Immediately
Corinth Lacedaemonians
Immediately summoning the allies to Lacedaemon, she came and loudly accused Athens of breach of the treaty and aggression on the rights of Peloponnese.
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]]
Lacedaemonians
the Lacedaemonians held their ordinary assembly, and invited them to speak.
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Marathon]]
Athens
We assert that at Marathon we were at the front, and faced the barbarian single-handed.
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Salamis]] · the second time
Athens
That when he came the second time, unable to cope with him by land we went on board our ships with all our people, and joined in the action at Salamis.
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]]
Athens Themistocles
Indeed, this was the reason of your receiving him with honours such as had never been accorded to any foreign visitor.
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 2
Athens
the allies attached themselves to us and spontaneously asked us to assume the command.
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 2
Athens
when some had already revolted and had been subdued
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 4
Sthenelaidas Lacedaemonians
They accordingly stood up and divided; and those who held that the treaty had been broken were in a decided majority.
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 4 · in the fourteenth year of the thirty years’ truce
Lacedaemonians
The Lacedaemonians voted that the treaty had been broken, and that the war must be declared
Book 1 · Chapter 3 · Part 4
Lacedaemonians
Summoning the allies, they told them that their opinion was that Athens had been guilty of injustice, but that they wished to convoke all the allies and put it to the vote; in order that they might make war, if they decided to do so, on a common resolution.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Themistocles told the Athenians to send him off with all speed to Lacedaemon, but not to dispatch his colleagues as soon as they had selected them, but to wait until they had raised their wall to the height from which defence was possible.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Themistocles Abronichus Aristides
For his colleagues had now joined him, Abronichus, son of Lysicles, and Aristides, son of Lysimachus, with the news that the wall was sufficiently advanced;
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Piraeus]]
Themistocles also persuaded them to finish the walls of Piraeus, which had been begun before, in his year of office as archon; being influenced alike by the fineness of a locality that has three natural harbours, and by the great start which the Athenians would gain in the acquisition of power by becoming a naval people.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · Meanwhile
Meanwhile Pausanias, son of Cleombrotus, was sent out from Lacedaemon as commander-in-chief of the Hellenes, with twenty ships from Peloponnese.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Cyprus]] · afterwards
They made an expedition against Cyprus and subdued most of the island, and afterwards against Byzantium, which was in the hands of the Medes, and compelled it to surrender.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Byzantium]] · afterwards
They made an expedition against Cyprus and subdued most of the island, and afterwards against Byzantium, which was in the hands of the Medes, and compelled it to surrender.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 2 · just at the time
As it happened, his recall came just at the time when the hatred which he had inspired had induced the allies to desert him, the soldiers from Peloponnese excepted, and to range themselves by the side of the Athenians.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · On his arrival at Lacedaemon
On his arrival at Lacedaemon, he was censured for his private acts of oppression, but was acquitted on the heaviest counts and pronounced not guilty; it must be known that the charge of Medism formed one of the principal, and to all appearance one of the best founded, articles against him.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 2 · The Lacedaemonians did not, however, restore him to his command
The Lacedaemonians did not, however, restore him to his command, but sent out Dorkis and certain others with a small force; who found the allies no longer inclined to concede to them the supremacy. Perceiving this they departed, and the Lacedaemonians did not send out any to succeed them.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 2 · 📍 [[the river Eurymedon]] · Next
Next we come to the actions by land and by sea at the river Eurymedon, between the Athenians with their allies, and the Medes, when the Athenians won both battles on the same day under the conduct of Cimon, son of Miltiades, and captured and destroyed the whole Phoenician fleet, consisting of two hundred vessels.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · Meanwhile
caused a revolt of almost the whole of Egypt from King Artaxerxes and, placing himself at its head
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · Meanwhile
invited the Athenians to his assistance.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Aegina]] · Subsequently
landed in the country and commenced a siege under the command of Leocrates, son of Stroebus.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Doris]] · Meanwhile
Nicomedes Cleombrotus Pleistoanax Pausanias
After compelling the Phocians to restore the town on conditions, they began their retreat.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Tanagra in Boeotia]] · The battle
After heavy loss on both sides, victory declared for the Lacedaemonians and their allies.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · First
the King sent Megabazus a Persian to Lacedaemon with money to bribe the Peloponnesians to invade Attica
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 3 · Finding that the matter made no progress
he recalled Megabazus with the remainder of the money
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · Meanwhile
Inaros, the Libyan king, the sole author of the Egyptian revolt, was betrayed, taken, and crucified.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · Immediately after their retreat
Immediately after their retreat, the Athenians marched out, became masters of the temple, and placed it in the hands of the Phocians.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Euboea]] · This was soon afterwards
This was soon afterwards followed by the revolt of Euboea from Athens.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Megara]] · Meanwhile
news was brought to him that Megara had revolted, that the Peloponnesians were on the point of invading Attica, and that the Athenian garrison had been cut off by the Megarians, with the exception of a few who had taken refuge in Nisaea.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Euboea]] · After this
The Athenians then crossed over again to Euboea under the command of Pericles, and subdued the whole of the island: all but Histiaea was settled by convention; the Histiaeans they expelled from their homes, and occupied their territory themselves.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]] · Not long after their return from Euboea
Not long after their return from Euboea, they made a truce with the Lacedaemonians and their allies for thirty years, giving up the posts which they occupied in Peloponnese—Nisaea, Pegae, Troezen, and Achaia.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Samos]] · In the sixth year of the truce
Accordingly the Athenians sailed to Samos with forty ships and set up a democracy; took hostages from the Samians, fifty boys and as many men, lodged them in Lemnos, and after leaving a garrison in the island returned home.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Samos]] · Meanwhile
Making an agreement with the most powerful of those in the city, and an alliance with Pissuthnes, son of Hystaspes, the then satrap of Sardis, they got together a force of seven hundred mercenaries, and under cover of night crossed over to Samos.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Tragia]] · As soon as the Athenians heard the news
but forty-four ships under the command of Pericles with nine colleagues gave battle, off the island of Tragia, to seventy Samian vessels, of which twenty were transports, as they were sailing from Miletus. Victory remained with the Athenians.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Samos]] · But in the meantime
But in the meantime the Samians made a sudden sally, and fell on the camp, which they found unfortified. Destroying the look-out vessels, and engaging and defeating such as were being launched to meet them, they remained masters of their own seas for fourteen days, and carried in and carried out what they pleased.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Samos]] · after a nine months’ siege
After a brief attempt at fighting, the Samians, unable to hold out, were reduced after a nine months’ siege and surrendered on conditions; they razed their walls, gave hostages, delivered up their ships, and arranged to pay the expenses of the war by instalments.
Book 1 · Chapter 4 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Byzantines]] · also
The Byzantines also agreed to be subject as before.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 1 · During this interval
Athenians
During this interval the Athenians succeeded in placing their empire on a firmer basis, and advanced their own home power to a very great height.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 1
Lacedaemonians
And though the Lacedaemonians had made up their own minds on the fact of the breach of the treaty and the guilt of the Athenians, yet they sent to Delphi
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
Lacedaemonians
and, as it is reported, received from him the answer that if they put their whole strength into the war, victory would be theirs, and the promise that he himself would be with them, whether invoked or uninvoked.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 1
Lacedaemonians allies
Still they wished to summon their allies again, and to take their vote on the propriety of making war.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 1 · on this occasion
Corinthians allies
For these reasons they should not hesitate to exchange peace for war.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Megara]] · at that time
Cylon Theagenes, tyrant of Megara
who had married a daughter of Theagenes, a Megarian, at that time tyrant of Megara.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Acropolis of Athens]] · when the Olympic festival in Peloponnese came
when the Olympic festival in Peloponnese came, he seized the Acropolis, with the intention of making himself tyrant
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Acropolis]] · As time went on
Accordingly Cylon and his brother made their escape
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Hellespont]] · After Pausanias the Lacedaemonian had been recalled
After Pausanias the Lacedaemonian had been recalled by the Spartans from his command in the Hellespont (this is his first recall), and had been tried by them and acquitted, not being again sent out in a public capacity
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Byzantium]] · after the return from Cyprus
These captives he sent off to the King without the knowledge of the rest of the allies, the account being that they had escaped from him.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Daskylion]] · on his arrival
He sent off Artabazus, son of Pharnaces, to the sea with orders to supersede Megabates, the previous governor in the satrapy of Daskylion, and to send over as quickly as possible to Pausanias at Byzantium a letter which he entrusted to him
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Byzantium]] · after the receipt of this letter
Pausanias, after the receipt of this letter, became prouder than ever, and could no longer live in the usual style, but went out of Byzantium in a Median dress, was attended on his march through Thrace by a bodyguard of Medes and Egyptians, kept a Persian table, and was quite unable to contain his intentions, but betrayed by his conduct in trifles what his ambition looked one day to enact on a grander scale.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3
The above-mentioned conduct, coming to the ears of the Lacedaemonians, occasioned his first recall.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Byzantium]] · after his second voyage out
Besieged and expelled from Byzantium by the Athenians, he did not return to Sparta;
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Sparta]]
the ephors, now no longer hesitating, sent him a herald and a scytale with orders to accompany the herald or be declared a public enemy. Anxious above everything to avoid suspicion, and confident that he could quash the charge by means of money, he returned a second time to Sparta.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · At first
At first thrown into prison by the ephors (whose powers enable them to do this to the King), soon compromised the matter and came out again, and offered himself for trial to any who wished to institute an inquiry concerning him.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3
Besides, they were informed that he was even intriguing with the Helots; and such indeed was the fact, for he promised them freedom and citizenship if they would join him in insurrection and would help him to carry out his plans to the end.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Taenarus]] · At last
Alarmed by the reflection that none of the previous messengers had ever returned, having counterfeited the seal, in order that, if he found himself mistaken in his surmises, or if Pausanias should ask to make some correction, he might not be discovered, he undid the letter, and found the postscript that he had suspected, viz. an order to put him to death.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · 📍 [[the temple of the goddess of the Brazen House]]
Setting off with a run for the temple of the goddess of the Brazen House, the enclosure of which was near at hand, he succeeded in taking sanctuary before they took him, and entering into a small chamber, which formed part of the temple, to avoid being exposed to the weather, lay still there. The ephors, for the moment distanced in the pursuit, afterwards took off the roof of the chamber, and having made sure that he was inside, shut him in, barricaded the doors, and staying before the place, reduced him by starvation.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · 📍 [[the temple]] · as soon as he was brought out
When they found that he was on the point of expiring, just as he was, in the chamber, they brought him out of the temple, while the breath was still in him, and as soon as he was brought out he died.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · 📍 [[the place of his death]] · afterwards
But the god at Delphi afterwards ordered the Lacedaemonians to remove the tomb to the place of his death—where he now lies in the consecrated ground, as an inscription on a monument declares—and, as what had been done was a curse to them, to give back two bodies instead of one to the goddess of the Brazen House.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · In the course of the inquiry
Matter was found in the course of the inquiry to implicate Themistocles;
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · accordingly
the Lacedaemonians accordingly sent envoys to the Athenians and required them to punish him as they had punished Pausanias. The Athenians consented to do so.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]]
But Themistocles got scent of their intentions, and fled from Peloponnese to Corcyra, which was under obligations towards him.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Corcyra]]
But the Corcyraeans alleged that they could not venture to shelter him at the cost of offending Athens and Lacedaemon, and they conveyed him over to the continent opposite.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 3 · Soon afterwards
Admetus happened not to be indoors, but his wife, to whom he made himself a suppliant, instructed him to take their child in his arms and sit down by the hearth.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 4 · on the arrival of the Lacedaemonians not long afterwards
on the arrival of the Lacedaemonians not long afterwards, refused to give him up for anything they could say, but sent him off by land to the other sea to Pydna
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 4 · a year
It is said that the King approved his intention, and told him to do as he said.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 4 · at the end of the year
Arrived at court at the end of the year, he attained to very high consideration there, such as no Hellene has ever possessed before or since
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Magnesia]]
He was governor of the district, the King having given him Magnesia, which brought in fifty talents a year, for bread, Lampsacus, which was considered to be the richest wine country, for wine, and Myos for other provisions.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Asiatic Magnesia]]
Disease was the real cause of his death
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]] · At last
At last an embassy arrived with the Lacedaemonian ultimatum. The ambassadors were Ramphias, Melesippus, and Agesander. Not a word was said on any of the old subjects; there was simply this: “Lacedaemon wishes the peace to continue, and there is no reason why it should not, if you would leave the Hellenes independent.”
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]] · Upon this
There is one principle, Athenians, which I hold to through everything, and that is the principle of no concession to the Peloponnesians.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 5
Athenians Lacedaemonians
they would do nothing on dictation, but were ready to have the complaints settled in a fair and impartial manner by the legal method, which the terms of the truce prescribed.
Book 1 · Chapter 5 · Part 5
envoys
So the envoys departed home and did not return again.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plataea]] · about the first watch of the night
Pythangelus Phyleides Diemporus Onetorides
a Theban force a little over three hundred strong, under the command of their Boeotarchs, Pythangelus, son of Phyleides, and Diemporus, son of Onetorides, about the first watch of the night, made an armed entry into Plataea
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plataea]]
The gates were opened to them by a Plataean called Naucleides, who, with his party, had invited them in, meaning to put to death the citizens of the opposite party
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]
This was arranged through Eurymachus, son of Leontiades, a person of great influence at Thebes.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plataea]]
The prisoners were a hundred and eighty in number; Eurymachus, the person with whom the traitors had negotiated, being one.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]]
With this brief speech dismissing the assembly, Archidamus first sent off Melesippus, son of Diacritus, a Spartan, to Athens, in case she should be more inclined to submit on seeing the Peloponnesians actually on the march.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]]
But the Athenians did not admit into the city or to their assembly, Pericles having already carried a motion against admitting either herald or embassy from the Lacedaemonians after they had once marched out.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 2 · that same day
The herald was accordingly sent away without an audience, and ordered to be beyond the frontier that same day;
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 2 · 📍 [[their territory]]
As soon as he arrived at the camp, and Archidamus learnt that the Athenians had still no thoughts of submitting, he at length began his march, and advanced with his army into their territory.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Euboea]]
Athenians
The Athenians listened to his advice, and began to carry in their wives and children from the country, and all their household furniture, even to the woodwork of their houses which they took down. Their sheep and cattle they sent over to Euboea and the adjacent islands.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Attica]] · in ordinary seasons
sometimes even they waged war against him, as in the case of the Eleusinians with Eumolpus against Erechtheus.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Athens]] · In Theseus
Theseus
one of the chief features in his organization of the country was to abolish the council-chambers and magistrates of the petty cities, and to merge them in the single council-chamber and town hall of the present capital.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Athens]] · When they arrived at Athens
Athenians
Yet this too was now built over in the necessity of the moment.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Oenoe]]
But after he had assaulted Oenoe, and every possible attempt to take it had failed, as no herald came from Athens, he at last broke up his camp and invaded Attica.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Oenoe]] · During the siege
This delay brought the gravest censure upon Archidamus.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Eleusis and the Thriasian plain]]
Encamping in Eleusis and the Thriasian plain, they began their ravages, and putting to flight some Athenian horse at a place called Rheiti, or the Brooks, they then advanced, keeping Mount Aegaleus on their right, through Cropia, until they reached Acharnae, the largest of the Athenian demes or townships.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Pericles was the object of general indignation; his previous counsels were totally forgotten; he was abused for not leading out the army which he commanded, and was made responsible for the whole of the public suffering.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Phrygia]]
There was a trifling affair at Phrygia between a squadron of the Athenian horse with the Thessalians and the Boeotian cavalry; in which the former had rather the best of it, until the heavy infantry advanced to the support of the Boeotians, when the Thessalians and Athenians were routed and lost a few men, whose bodies, however, were recovered the same day without a truce.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]] · While they were in Attica
While they were in Attica the Athenians sent off the hundred ships which they had been preparing round Peloponnese, with a thousand heavy infantry and four hundred archers on board, under the command of Carcinus, son of Xenotimus, Proteas, son of Epicles, and Socrates, son of Antigenes.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Attica]] · after remaining in Attica as long as their provisions lasted
This armament weighed anchor and started on its cruise, and the Peloponnesians, after remaining in Attica as long as their provisions lasted, retired through Boeotia by a different road to that by which they had entered.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]] · After they had retired
After they had retired the Athenians set guards by land and sea at the points at which they intended to have regular stations during the war.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Acropolis]] · After they had retired
They also resolved to set apart a special fund of a thousand talents from the moneys in the Acropolis. This was not to be spent, but the current expenses of the war were to be otherwise provided for. If any one should move or put to the vote a proposition for using the money for any purpose whatever except that of defending the city in the event of the enemy bringing a fleet to make an attack by sea, it should be a capital offence.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Acropolis]] · After they had retired
With this sum of money they also set aside a special fleet of one hundred galleys, the best ships of each year, with their captains. None of these were to be used except with the money and against the same peril, should such peril arise.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Methone]]
threw himself into Methone. He lost a few men in making good his entrance, but saved the place and won the thanks of Sparta by his exploit
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Thronium]] · About the same time
captured Thronium and took hostages from it.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Alope]] · About the same time
He also defeated at Alope the Locrians that had assembled to resist him.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]] · During the same summer
Coming to Athens, Nymphodorus concluded the alliance with Sitalces
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]] · During the same summer
and made his son Sadocus an Athenian citizen
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 5 · During the same summer
He also reconciled them with Perdiccas, and induced them to restore Therme to him
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Megarid]] · Towards the autumn of this year
Towards the autumn of this year the Athenians invaded the Megarid with their whole levy, resident aliens included, under the command of Pericles, son of Xanthippus.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Astacus]] · In the ensuing winter
In command of the force were Euphamidas, son of Aristonymus, Timoxenus, son of Timocrates, and Eumachus, son of Chrysis, who sailed over and restored him
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 6 · 📍 [[the public sepulchre]] · Meanwhile
Meanwhile these were the first that had fallen, and Pericles, son of Xanthippus, was chosen to pronounce their eulogium.
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 6 · 📍 [[the sepulchre]] · When the proper time arrived
When the proper time arrived, he advanced from the sepulchre to an elevated platform in order to be heard by as many of the crowd as possible, and spoke as follows:
Book 2 · Chapter 6 · Part 7
Athenians
Thus choosing to die resisting, rather than to live submitting, they fled only from dishonour, but met danger face to face, and after one brief moment, while at the summit of their fortune, escaped, not from their fear, but from their glory.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Attica]] · In the first days of summer
In the first days of summer the Lacedaemonians and their allies, with two-thirds of their forces as before, invaded Attica, under the command of Archidamus, son of Zeuxidamus, King of Lacedaemon, and sat down and laid waste the country.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Attica]]
But Pericles, who was still general, held the same opinion as in the former invasion, and would not let the Athenians march out against them.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]]
On board the ships he took four thousand Athenian heavy infantry, and three hundred cavalry in horse transports, and then for the first time made out of old galleys; fifty Chian and Lesbian vessels also joining in the expedition.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Potidæa]] · The same summer
The same summer Hagnon, son of Nicias, and Cleopompus, son of Clinias, the colleagues of Pericles, took the armament of which he had lately made use, and went off upon an expedition against the Chalcidians in the direction of Thrace and Potidæa, which was still under siege.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]] · in about forty days
The end of it was that Hagnon returned with his ships to Athens, having lost one thousand and fifty out of four thousand heavy infantry in about forty days
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 2 · After the second invasion of the Peloponnesians
They began to find fault with Pericles, as the author of the war and the cause of all their misfortunes
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · Not long afterwards
Not long afterwards, however, according to the way of the multitude, they again elected him general and committed all their affairs to his hands
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4
He outlived its commencement two years and six months, and the correctness of his previsions respecting it became better known by his death.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Sicily]]
Yet after losing most of their fleet besides other forces in Sicily
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Zacynthus]] · During the same summer
They made a descent from their ships, and ravaged most of the country; but as the inhabitants would not submit, they sailed back home.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Thrace]] · At the end of the same summer
Sitalces Sadocus Learchus Ameiniades Aristeus son of Adimantus Aneristus Nicolaus Stratodemus Timagoras the Tegean Pollis
He accordingly had them seized, as they were travelling through Thrace to the vessel in which they were to cross the Hellespont, by a party whom he had sent on with Learchus and Ameiniades, and gave orders for their delivery to the Athenian ambassadors
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]] · the same day
Aristeus son of Adimantus Aneristus Nicolaus Stratodemus Timagoras the Tegean Pollis
slew them all the same day, without giving them a trial or hearing the defence which they wished to offer, and cast their bodies into a pit
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Argos]] · after the Trojan War
he built this city in the Ambracian Gulf, and named it Argos after his own country.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Argos]] · After a time
After a time the Ambraciots expelled the Argives and held the city themselves.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Argos]]
upon whose arrival they took Argos by storm, and made slaves of the Ambraciots
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Argos]] · About the same time towards the close of the summer
Ambraciots Amphilochus
Arrived before Argos, they became masters of the country; but not being successful in their attacks upon the town, returned home and dispersed among their different peoples.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Naupactus]] · The ensuing winter
The ensuing winter the Athenians sent twenty ships round Peloponnese, under the command of Phormio, who stationed himself at Naupactus
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Lycia]] · The ensuing winter
Melesander
was defeated and killed in battle, with the loss of a number of his troops.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Potidæa]] · The same winter
Xenophon Hestiodorus Phanomachus
In this extremity they at last made proposals for capitulating to the Athenian generals in command against them—Xenophon, son of Euripides, Hestiodorus, son of Aristocleides, and Phanomachus, son of Callimachus. The generals accepted their proposals, seeing the sufferings of the army in so exposed a position; besides which the state had already spent two thousand talents upon the siege. The terms of the capitulation were as follows: a free passage out for themselves, their children, wives and auxiliaries, with one garment apiece, the women with two, and a fixed sum of money for their journey.
Book 2 · Chapter 7 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Potidæa]] · afterwards
Xenophon Hestiodorus Phanomachus
The Athenians, however, blamed the generals for granting terms without instructions from home, being of opinion that the place would have had to surrender at discretion.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plataea]] · The next summer
The next summer the Peloponnesians and their allies, instead of invading Attica, marched against Plataea, under the command of Archidamus, son of Zeuxidamus, king of the Lacedaemonians.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plataea]]
restored to the Plataeans their city and territory, and declared it independent and inviolate against aggression or conquest.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plataea]]
You have only to deliver over the city and houses to us Lacedaemonians, to point out the boundaries of your land, the number of your fruit-trees, and whatever else can be numerically stated, and yourselves to withdraw wherever you like as long as the war shall last.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plataea]]
He accordingly granted a truce for the number of days requisite for the journey, and meanwhile abstained from ravaging their territory.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plataea]]
On the delivery of this message by the envoys, the Plataeans resolved not to be unfaithful to the Athenians but to endure, if it must be, seeing their lands laid waste and any other trials that might come to them
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plataea]]
After this appeal to the gods Archidamus put his army in motion. First he enclosed the town with a palisade formed of the fruit-trees which they cut down, to prevent further egress from Plataea; next they threw up a mound against the city, hoping that the largeness of the force employed would ensure the speedy reduction of the place.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Spartolus]] · The same summer
under the command of Xenophon, son of Euripides, with two colleagues.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Spartolus]] · The same summer
four hundred and thirty men and all the generals having fallen.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 2 · The same summer, not long after this
some Molossians and Atintanians led by Sabylinthus, the guardian of King Tharyps who was still a minor
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Limnaea]] · The same summer, not long after this
Passing through the territory of Amphilochian Argos, and sacking the open village of Limnaea, they advanced to Stratus the Acarnanian capital
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Stratus]] · As soon as night fell
As soon as night fell, Cnemus hastily drew off his army to the river Anapus, about nine miles from Stratus, recovering his dead next day under truce
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Cyllene]] · after the battle at Stratus
where Cnemus, and the ships from Leucas that were to have joined them, also arrived after the battle at Stratus.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 3 · now
Timocrates Brasidas Lycophron Cnemus
The Lacedaemonians now sent to the fleet to Cnemus three commissioners—Timocrates, Bradidas, and Lycophron—with orders to prepare to engage again with better fortune
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 3 · As soon as they arrived
Timocrates Brasidas Lycophron Cnemus
As soon as they arrived they set to work with Cnemus to order ships from the different states, and to put those which they already had in fighting order.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 3 · at length
Machaon Isocrates Agatharchidas
Sinking first one of the admirals, they then disabled all they came across, so that no one thought of resistance for the confusion, but fled for Patrae and Dyme in Achaea. The Athenians gave chase and captured twelve ships
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Crete]] · Meanwhile
He accordingly went with the ships to Crete, and, accompanied by the Polichnitans, laid waste the lands of the Cydonians
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 4
He had before continually told them, and had accustomed their minds to the idea, that there was no numerical superiority that they could not face; and the men themselves had long been persuaded that Athenians need never retire before any quantity of Peloponnesian vessels. At the moment, however, he saw that they were dispirited by the sight before them, and wishing to refresh their confidence, called them together and spoke as follows:
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 5 · at the commencement of the war
Perdiccas had made him a promise, when hard pressed at the commencement of the war, upon condition that Sitalces should reconcile the Athenians to him and not attempt to restore his brother and enemy, the pretender Philip, but had not offered to fulfil his engagement
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Thrace]]
he, Sitalces, on entering into alliance with the Athenians, had agreed to put an end to the Chalcidian war in Thrace.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Macedonia]] · at the beginning of this winter
About the same time, at the beginning of this winter, Sitalces, son of Teres, the Odrysian king of Thrace, made an expedition against Perdiccas, son of Alexander, king of Macedonia, and the Chalcidians in the neighbourhood of Thrace; his object being to enforce one promise and fulfil another. On the one hand Perdiccas had made him a promise, when hard pressed at the commencement of the war, upon condition that Sitalces should reconcile the Athenians to him and not attempt to restore his brother and enemy, the pretender Philip, but had not offered to fulfil his engagement; on the other he, Sitalces, on entering into alliance with the Athenians, had agreed to put an end to the Chalcidian war in Thrace. These were the two objects of his invasion. With him he brought Amyntas, the son of Philip, whom he destined for the throne of Macedonia
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Macedonia]] · on his accession
most of those now found in the country having been erected subsequently by Archelaus, the son of Perdiccas, on his accession, who also cut straight roads, and otherwise put the kingdom on a better footing as regards horses, heavy infantry, and other war material than had been done by all the eight kings that preceded him.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Doberus]] · When everything was ready
When everything was ready, he set out on his march for Macedonia, first through his own dominions, next over the desolate range of Cercine that divides the Sintians and Paeonians
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Chalcidice]] · Meanwhile
dispatched a large part of his army against the Chalcidians and Bottiaeans, and shutting them up inside their walls laid waste their country.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 6 · Meanwhile
This Seuthes had been secretly gained by Perdiccas by the promise of his sister in marriage with a rich dowry.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 6 · afterwards
Perdiccas afterwards gave his sister Stratonice to Seuthes as he had promised.
Book 2 · Chapter 8 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Coronta]] · In the course of this winter
After expelling some suspected persons from Stratus, Coronta, and other places, and restoring Cynes, son of Theolytus, to Coronta, they returned to their ships
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Attica]] · The next summer
The next summer, just as the corn was getting ripe, the Peloponnesians and their allies invaded Attica under the command of Archidamus, son of Zeuxidamus, king of the Lacedaemonians, and sat down and ravaged the land;
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 1
They accordingly suddenly sent off forty ships that had been got ready to sail round Peloponnese, under the command of Cleippides, son of Deinias, and two others;
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Mitylene]]
When the Athenians sailed in not long after and saw how things stood, the generals delivered their orders, and upon the Mitylenians refusing to obey, commenced hostilities.
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]] · about the same time in this summer
While the war went on in this way at Mitylene, the Athenians, about the same time in this summer, also sent thirty ships to Peloponnese under Asopius, son of Phormio; the Acarnanians insisting that the commander sent should be some son or relative of Phormio.
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Nericus]]
and making a descent upon Nericus was cut off during his retreat, and most of his troops with him, by the people in those parts aided by some coastguards;
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Lesbos]]
Mitylenians Athenians
upon the Boeotians inviting us, we at once responded to the call, and decided upon a twofold revolt, from the Hellenes and from the Athenians
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 2
Lacedaemonians Lesbians
the Lacedaemonians and confederates granted what they urged, and took the Lesbians into alliance
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Attica]] · this summer
Lacedaemonians
deciding in favour of the invasion of Attica, told the allies present to march as quickly as possible to the Isthmus with two-thirds of their forces
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Corinth]]
Lacedaemonians
got ready hauling machines to carry their ships across from Corinth to the sea on the side of Athens, in order to make their attack by sea and land at once
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Isthmus]]
Athenians
manned a hundred ships by embarking the citizens of Athens, except the knights and Pentacosiomedimni, and the resident aliens; and putting out to the Isthmus, displayed their power
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 2
Lacedaemonians
they went back home
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Lesbos]] · Afterwards
Lacedaemonians Alcidas
Afterwards, however, they got ready a fleet to send to Lesbos, and ordering a total of forty ships from the different cities in the league, appointed Alcidas to command the expedition in his capacity of high admiral
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 2 · upon seeing the Lacedaemonians go home
Athenians
the Athenians in the hundred ships, upon seeing the Lacedaemonians go home, went home likewise
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Mitylene]] · winter now drew near
Mitylene was thus blockaded strictly on both sides, by land and by sea; and winter now drew near.
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 3
Theaenetus Tolmides Eupompides Daimachus
the attempt having been suggested by Theaenetus, son of Tolmides, a soothsayer, and Eupompides, son of Daimachus, one of their generals.
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 3 · on stormy and wet nights
Theaenetus Tolmides Eupompides Daimachus Ammias Coroebus
However, it was mainly the violence of the storm that enabled them to effect their escape at all.
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Attica]] · The next summer
Cleomenes Pausanias son of Pleistoanax
The commander in this invasion was Cleomenes, in the place of King Pausanias, son of Pleistoanax, his nephew, who was still a minor.
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Mitylene]] · The next summer
The next summer the Peloponnesians sent off the forty-two ships for Mitylene, under Alcidas, their high admiral
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Embatu]] · about seven days after the capture of the town
Here they learned the truth, and began to consider what they were to do
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Embatu]]
These words of Teutiaplus failing to move Alcidas
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Myonnesus]]
touching at the Teian town, Myonnesus, there butchered most of the prisoners that he had taken on his passage.
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Ephesus]]
Alcidas agreed to this, and let go all the Chians still in his hands and some of the others that he had taken
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Colophon]] · about the time of the second Peloponnesian invasion of Attica
the capture of the upper town by Itamenes and the barbarians, who had been called in by certain individuals in a party quarrel. The capture of the town took place about the time of the second Peloponnesian invasion of Attica.
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Notium]]
Paches Hippias the Arcadian commander at Notium
upon his coming out to him, he put him into custody, though not in chains
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Notium]]
Paches Hippias the Arcadian commander at Notium
Paches then gave up Notium to the Colophonians not of the Median party
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Notium]]
Paches then gave up Notium to the Colophonians not of the Median party
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Notium]] · afterwards
settlers were afterwards sent out from Athens, and the place colonized according to Athenian laws
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Mitylene]]
Arrived at Mitylene, Paches reduced Pyrrha and Eresus; and finding the Lacedaemonian, Salaethus, in hiding in the town
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]] · Upon the arrival of the prisoners with Salaethus
the Athenians at once put the latter to death
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]] · in the fury of the moment
determined to put to death not only the prisoners at Athens, but the whole adult male population of Mitylene, and to make slaves of the women and children.
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]] · The morrow
An assembly was therefore at once called, and after much expression of opinion upon both sides, Cleon, son of Cleaenetus
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Mitylene]]
the second put into port and prevented the massacre.
Book 3 · Chapter 9 · Part 7
The other party whom Paches had sent off as the prime movers in the rebellion, were upon Cleon’s motion put to death by the Athenians, the number being rather more than a thousand.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Minoa]] · During the same summer
A few days sufficing to accomplish this, he afterwards raised some works in the island also, and leaving a garrison there, departed with his forces.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plataea]] · About the same time in this summer
Plataeans
The Plataeans were now in the last state of weakness, and the herald had no sooner delivered his message than they surrendered the town.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 1
The Plataeans asked leave to speak at greater length, and deputed two of their number to represent them: Astymachus, son of Asopolaus, and Lacon, son of Aeimnestus, proxenus of the Lacedaemonians, who came forward and spoke as follows:
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Plataea]]
Thebans Plataeans
We settled Plataea some time after the rest of Boeotia, together with other places out of which we had driven the mixed population.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 2
Plataeans Athenians Thebans
The Plataeans not choosing to recognize our supremacy, as had been first arranged, but separating themselves from the rest of the Boeotians, and proving traitors to their nationality, we used compulsion; upon which they went over to the Athenians, and with them did as much harm, for which we retaliated.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Plataea]] · when the barbarian invaded Hellas
Thebans Plataeans
We say that if they did not Medize, it was because the Athenians did not do so either
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 2 · 📍 [[the town]]
Thebans Mede
These, hoping to strengthen their individual power by the success of the Mede, kept down by force the people, and brought him into the town.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Coronea]] · after the departure of the Mede
Thebans Boeotians
Did not we fight and conquer at Coronea and liberate Boeotia
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 2
Plataeans Lacedaemonians
we did not surrender our city to the Thebans (to that we would have preferred inglorious starvation), but trusted in and capitulated to you
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 3
Plataeans Athenians
Nevertheless, of your own choice and without compulsion you chose to throw your lot in with Athens.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 3
Plataeans Aeginetans
You abandoned that league, and offended against it by helping instead of hindering the subjugation of the Aeginetans and others of its members
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 3 · before you were blockaded
Plataeans Thebans
Lastly, an invitation was addressed to you before you were blockaded to be neutral and join neither party: this you did not accept.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 3
Thebans Plataeans
If of our own proper motion we made an armed attack upon your city and ravaged your territory, we are guilty; but if the first men among you in estate and family, wishing to put an end to the foreign connection and to restore you to the common Boeotian country, of their own free will invited us
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 3
Thebans Plataeans
which as first you gladly did, and made an agreement with us and remained tranquil, until you became aware of the smallness of our numbers.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 3
Plataeans Thebans
Instead of refraining, as we had done, from violence, and inducing us to retire by negotiation, you fell upon us in violation of your agreement
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 3
Plataeans Thebans
but others who held out their hands and received quarter, and whose lives you subsequently promised us, you lawlessly butchered.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Corcyra]] · The next day
The next day the Athenian general, Nicostratus, son of Diitrephes, came up from Naupactus with twelve ships and five hundred Messenian heavy infantry. He at once endeavoured to bring about a settlement, and persuaded the two parties to agree together to bring to trial ten of the ringleaders, who presently fled, while the rest were to live in peace, making terms with each other, and entering into a defensive and offensive alliance with the Athenians.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 4
The commons armed upon this pretext, alleging the refusal of their adversaries to sail with them as a proof of the hollowness of their intentions, and took their arms out of their houses, and would have dispatched some whom they fell in with, if Nicostratus had not prevented it.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Sybota]] · at daybreak
At this stage in the revolution, on the fourth or fifth day after the removal of the men to the island, the Peloponnesian ships arrived from Cyllene where they had been stationed since their return from Ionia, fifty-three in number, still under the command of Alcidas, but with Brasidas also on board as his adviser; and dropping anchor at Sybota, a harbour on the mainland, at daybreak made sail for Corcyra.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Corcyra]] · by night
The Peloponnesians accordingly at once set off in haste by night for home
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Corcyra]] · During seven days that Eurymedon stayed with his sixty ships
During seven days that Eurymedon stayed with his sixty ships, the Corcyraeans were engaged in butchering those of their fellow citizens whom they regarded as their enemies
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Sicily]] · At the close of the same summer
At the close of the same summer the Athenians sent twenty ships under the command of Laches, son of Melanopus, and Charoeades, son of Euphiletus, to Sicily, where the Syracusans and Leontines were at war.
Book 3 · Chapter 10 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Rhegium]]
Accordingly they established themselves at Rhegium in Italy, and from thence carried on the war in concert with their allies.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Sicily]] · During the same summer
The death of the Athenian general Charoeades, killed by the Syracusans in battle, left Laches in the sole command of the fleet
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Mylae]] · During the same summer
Two Messinese battalions in garrison at Mylae laid an ambush for the party landing from the ships, but were routed with great slaughter by the Athenians and their allies, who thereupon assaulted the fortification and compelled them to surrender the Acropolis
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Messina]] · During the same summer
This town afterwards also submitted upon the approach of the Athenians and their allies, and gave hostages and all other securities required.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Melos]] · The same summer
The devastation of their land not procuring their submission, the fleet, weighing from Melos, sailed to Oropus
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Tanagra]] · next day
next day, after defeating those of the Tanagraeans who sailed out against them and some Thebans who had come up to help the Tanagraeans, took some arms, set up a trophy
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · About this time
sent to Lacedaemon, having chosen Tisamenus for their ambassador.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Heraclea]] · About this time
Leon, founder of Heraclea Alcidas Damagon
The settlement effected, they fortified anew the city, now called Heraclea
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Heraclea]] · About this time
Leon, founder of Heraclea Alcidas Damagon
as they frightened away the greater part of the inhabitants by governing harshly and in some cases not fairly, and thus made it easier for their neighbours to prevail against them.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Attica]] · The next summer
The next summer the Peloponnesians and their allies set out to invade Attica under the command of Agis, son of Archidamus, and went as far as the Isthmus, but numerous earthquakes occurring, turned back again without the invasion taking place.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Leucas]] · The same summer
While the Leucadians witnessed the devastation of their land, without and within the isthmus upon which the town of Leucas and the temple of Apollo stand, without making any movement on account of the overwhelming numbers of the enemy
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 2 · in the meanwhile
To this plan Demosthenes consented, not only to please the Messenians, but also in the belief that by adding the Aetolians to his other continental allies he would be able, without aid from home, to march against the Boeotians
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Leucas]]
He accordingly weighed from Leucas, against the wish of the Acarnanians, and with his whole armament sailed along the coast to Sollium, where he communicated to them his intention; and upon their refusing to agree to it on account of the non-investment of Leucas, himself with the rest of the forces, the Cephallenians, the Messenians, and Zacynthians, and three hundred Athenian marines from his own ships (the fifteen Corcyraean vessels having departed), started on his expedition against the Aetolians.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Potidania]] · The first day
The first day he took Potidania, the next Krokyle, and the third Tichium
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Krokyle]] · the next
The first day he took Potidania, the next Krokyle, and the third Tichium
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Tichium]] · the third
The first day he took Potidania, the next Krokyle, and the third Tichium, where he halted
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Aegitium]]
Many were overtaken in the pursuit by the swift-footed and light-armed Aetolians, and fell beneath their javelins; the greater number however missed their road and rushed into the wood, which had no ways out, and which was soon fired and burnt round them by the enemy. Indeed the Athenian army fell victims to death in every form, and suffered all the vicissitudes of flight; the survivors escaped with difficulty to the sea and Oeneon in Locris, whence they had set out. Many of the allies were killed, and about one hundred and twenty Athenian heavy infantry, not a man less, and all in the prime of life. These were by far the best men in the city of Athens that fell during this war. Among the slain was also Procles, the colleague of Demosthenes.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Naupactus]]
Meanwhile the Athenians took up their dead under truce from the Aetolians, and retired to Naupactus, and from thence went in their ships to Athens; Demosthenes staying behind in Naupactus and in the neighbourhood, being afraid to face the Athenians after the disaster.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Naupactus]] · The same summer
Tolophus Boriades Tisander Eurylochus Macarius Menedaius
The same summer the Aetolians, who before the Athenian expedition had sent an embassy to Corinth and Lacedaemon, composed of Tolophus, an Ophionian, Boriades, an Eurytanian, and Tisander, an Apodotian, obtained that an army should be sent them against Naupactus, which had invited the Athenian invasion. The Lacedaemonians accordingly sent off towards autumn three thousand heavy infantry of the allies, five hundred of whom were from Heraclea, the newly founded city in Trachis, under the command of Eurylochus, a Spartan, accompanied by Macarius and Menedaius, also Spartans.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
The army having assembled at Delphi, Eurylochus sent a herald to the Ozolian Locrians
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Locris]]
These first gave hostages themselves, and induced the rest to do the same for fear of the invading army; first, their neighbours the Myonians, who held the most difficult of the passes, and after them the Ipnians, Messapians, Tritaeans, Chalaeans, Tolophonians, Hessians, and Oeanthians, all of whom joined in the expedition
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Oeneon and Eupalium]]
taking upon his way Oeneon and Eupalium, two of their towns that refused to join him.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Naupactian territory]]
the army laid waste the land and took the suburb of the town, which was unfortified; and after this Molycrium also, a Corinthian colony subject to Athens.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Naupactus]]
They accordingly sent with him on board his ships a thousand heavy infantry, who threw themselves into the place and saved it
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Naupactian territory]]
finding that this force had entered and that it was impossible to storm the town, withdrew
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Inessa]] · The winter ensuing
after attacking it without being able to take it, retired. In the retreat, the allies retreating after the Athenians were attacked by the Syracusans from the fort, and a large part of their army routed with great slaughter.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Argos]]
having chosen Demosthenes to command the whole of the allied army in concert with their own generals.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Olpae]] · The next day
on the death of Eurylochus and Macarius
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Olpae]] · The next day
Menedaius, who on the death of Eurylochus and Macarius had succeeded to the sole command
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Olpae]] · The next day
opened a parley with Demosthenes and the Acarnanian generals for a truce and permission to retreat, and at the same time for the recovery of the dead.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Olpae]] · The next day
The retreat demanded they refused publicly to the army; but permission to depart without delay was secretly granted to the Mantineans and to Menedaius and the other commanders and principal men of the Peloponnesians by Demosthenes and his Acarnanian colleagues
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Olpae]] · The next day
Demosthenes prepared to march with his army against them
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Idomene]] · At dawn
In this way he routed their army as soon as he attacked it, slaying most of them where they were
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Olpae]] · The next day
Eventually, however, they let pass the Mantineans and Peloponnesians, and slew only the Ambraciots, there being much dispute and difficulty in distinguishing whether a man was an Ambraciot or a Peloponnesian. The number thus slain was about two hundred
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Argos]] · The next day
while the Acarnanians, after stripping the dead and setting up a trophy, returned to Argos.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Ambracia]] · The next day
When the herald heard this and knew that the reinforcement from the city had been destroyed, he broke into wailing and, stunned at the magnitude of the present evils, went away at once
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Ambracia]] · After this
After this the Corinthians sent a garrison of their own citizens to Ambracia, composed of three hundred heavy infantry, under the command of Xenocleides, son of Euthycles, who reached their destination after a difficult journey across the continent.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Rhegium]] · the same winter
Upon their return to Rhegium they found the Athenian general, Pythodorus, son of Isolochus, come to supersede Laches in the command of the fleet.
Book 3 · Chapter 11 · Part 5 · 📍 [[the Locrian fort]] · towards the end of winter
Meanwhile Pythodorus had taken the command of Laches’ ships, and towards the end of winter sailed against the Locrian fort, which Laches had formerly taken, and returned after being defeated in battle by the Locrians.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Attica]] · About the same time in the spring, before the corn was ripe
About the same time in the spring, before the corn was ripe, the Peloponnesians and their allies invaded Attica under Agis, the son of Archidamus, king of the Lacedaemonians, and sat down and laid waste the country.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Sicily]] · About the same time in the spring, before the corn was ripe
Eurymedon Sophocles Pythodorus
Meanwhile the Athenians sent off the forty ships which they had been preparing to Sicily, with the remaining generals Eurymedon and Sophocles; their colleague Pythodorus having already preceded them thither.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Attica]] · On the return of the Peloponnesians from Attica
As soon as the Peloponnesians in Attica heard of the occupation of Pylos, they hurried back home; the Lacedaemonians and their king Agis thinking that the matter touched them nearly.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 2
The Lacedaemonians now put themselves in movement and simultaneously assaulted the fortification with their land forces and with their ships, forty-three in number, under their admiral, Thrasymelidas, son of Cratesicles, a Spartan, who made his attack just where Demosthenes expected. The Athenians had thus to defend themselves on both sides, from the land and from the sea; the enemy rowing up in small detachments, the one relieving the other—it being impossible for many to bring to at once—and showing great ardour and cheering each other on, in the endeavour to force a passage and to take the fortification.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 2 · After continuing their attacks during that day and most of the next
After continuing their attacks during that day and most of the next, the Peloponnesians desisted
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Foremost to encourage them in this policy was Cleon, son of Cleaenetus, a popular leader of the time and very powerful with the multitude, who persuaded them to answer as follows: First, the men in the island must surrender themselves and their arms and be brought to Athens. Next, the Lacedaemonians must restore Nisaea, Pegae, Troezen, and Achaia, all places acquired not by arms, but by the previous convention, under which they had been ceded by Athens herself at a moment of disaster, when a truce was more necessary to her than at present.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Lacedaemonians
The Lacedaemonians, however, seeing that whatever concessions they might be prepared to make in their misfortune, it was impossible for them to speak before the multitude and lose credit with their allies for a negotiation which might after all miscarry, and on the other hand, that the Athenians would never grant what they asked upon moderate terms, returned from Athens without having effected anything.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Pylos]] · at once
Lacedaemonians Athenians
Their arrival at once put an end to the armistice at Pylos, and the Lacedaemonians asked back their ships according to the convention.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Pylos]]
Athenians Lacedaemonians
The Athenians, however, alleged an attack on the fort in contravention of the truce, and other grievances seemingly not worth mentioning, and refused to give them back, insisting upon the clause by which the slightest infringement made the armistice void.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[the strait]] · late in the day
Syracusans Athenians Rhegians
Defeated by the Athenians they hastily set off, each for himself, to their own stations at Messina and Rhegium, with the loss of one ship; night coming on before the battle was finished.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Cape Pelorus]] · After this
Athenians Rhegians Syracusans
Here the Athenians and Rhegians sailed up, and seeing the ships unmanned, made an attack, in which they in their turn lost one vessel, which was caught by a grappling iron, the crew saving themselves by swimming.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Messina]] · After this
Syracusans Athenians
After this the Syracusans got on board their ships, and while they were being towed alongshore to Messina, were again attacked by the Athenians, but suddenly got out to sea and became the assailants, and caused them to lose another vessel.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Naxos]] · The first day
Messinese Naxians Sicels
The first day they forced the Naxians to keep their walls, and laid waste their country;
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Naxos]] · the next
Naxians Messinese Sicels
The Sicels came down from the high country in great numbers, to aid against the Messinese; and the Naxians, elated at the sight, and animated by a belief that the Leontines and their other Hellenic allies were coming to their support, suddenly sallied out from the town, and attacked and routed the Messinese, killing more than a thousand of them; while the remainder suffered severely in their retreat home, being attacked by the barbarians on the road, and most of them cut off.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Messina]] · upon this
Leontines Messinese Athenians
The Messinese, however, sallying out with Demoteles and some Locrians who had been left to garrison the city after the disaster, suddenly attacked and routed most of the Leontine army, killing a great number;
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Messina]]
Athenians Messinese
upon seeing which the Athenians landed from their ships, and falling on the Messinese in disorder chased them back into the town, and setting up a trophy retired to Rhegium.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 4 · 📍 [[the island]]
Helots Lacedaemonians
The Helots accordingly were most forward to engage in this risky traffic, putting off from this or that part of Peloponnese, and running in by night on the seaward side of the island.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 5
At last, not knowing how to get out of his words, he undertook the expedition, and came forward and said that he was not afraid of the Lacedaemonians, but would sail without taking any one from the city with him, except the Lemnians and Imbrians that were at Athens, with some targeteers that had come up from Aenus, and four hundred archers from other quarters. With these and the soldiers at Pylos, he would within twenty days either bring the Lacedaemonians alive, or kill them on the spot.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]]
After he had settled everything in the assembly, and the Athenians had voted him the command of the expedition, he chose as his colleague Demosthenes, one of the generals at Pylos, and pushed forward the preparations for his voyage.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Pylos]]
After he had settled everything in the assembly, and the Athenians had voted him the command of the expedition, he chose as his colleague Demosthenes, one of the generals at Pylos, and pushed forward the preparations for his voyage.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Pylos]] · soon afterwards
one of the soldiers who were compelled by want of room to land on the extremities of the island and take their dinners, with outposts fixed to prevent a surprise, set fire to a little of the wood without meaning to do so; and as it came on to blow soon afterwards, almost the whole was consumed before they were aware of it.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Pylos]]
The first step taken by the two generals after their meeting was to send a herald to the camp on the mainland, to ask if they were disposed to avoid all risk and to order the men on the island to surrender themselves and their arms, to be kept in gentle custody until some general convention should be concluded.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 5 · 📍 [[the island]] · the next
On the rejection of this proposition the generals let one day pass, and the next, embarking all their heavy infantry on board a few ships, put out by night, and a little before dawn landed on both sides of the island from the open sea and from the harbour, being about eight hundred strong, and advanced with a run against the first post in the island.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 6 · 📍 [[the island]]
since Epitadas, the first of the previous commanders, had been killed, and Hippagretas, the next in command, left for dead among the slain, though still alive, and thus the command had devolved upon Styphon according to the law, in case of anything happening to his superiors.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 6 · 📍 [[the island]]
and thus the command had devolved upon Styphon according to the law, in case of anything happening to his superiors.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 6 · 📍 [[the island]]
The Athenians were already masters of the approaches when Cleon and Demosthenes perceiving that, if the enemy gave way a single step further, they would be destroyed by their soldiery, put a stop to the battle and held their men back; wishing to take the Lacedaemonians alive to Athens, and hoping that their stubbornness might relax on hearing the offer of terms, and that they might surrender and yield to the present overwhelming danger.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 6 · 📍 [[the island]]
upon which after consulting together they surrendered themselves and their arms.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Athens]] · within the twenty days
and crazy as Cleon’s promise was, he fulfilled it, by bringing the men to Athens within the twenty days as he had pledged himself to do.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 7 · until the peace
Athenians
Upon the arrival of the men the Athenians determined to keep them in prison until the peace, and if the Peloponnesians invaded their country in the interval, to bring them out and put them to death.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Laconia]] · Meanwhile
Messenians
Meanwhile the defence of Pylos was not forgotten; the Messenians from Naupactus sent to their old country, to which Pylos formerly belonged, some of the likeliest of their number, and began a series of incursions into Laconia, which their common dialect rendered most destructive.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 7
Helots
finding the Helots deserting
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Lacedaemonians
began to send envoys to Athens, and tried to recover Pylos and the prisoners.
Book 4 · Chapter 12 · Part 7
Athenians
The Athenians, however, kept grasping at more, and dismissed envoy after envoy without their having effected anything.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 1 · 📍 [[territory of Corinth]] · The same summer
The same summer, directly after these events, the Athenians made an expedition against the territory of Corinth with eighty ships and two thousand Athenian heavy infantry, and two hundred cavalry on board horse transports, accompanied by the Milesians, Andrians, and Carystians from the allies, under the command of Nicias, son of Niceratus, with two colleagues.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Solygia]]
After holding on for a long while without either giving way, the Athenians aided by their horse, of which the enemy had none, at length routed the Corinthians, who retired to the hill and, halting, remained quiet there, without coming down again.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Solygia]]
It was in this rout of the right wing that they had the most killed, Lycophron their general being among the number.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Mount Istone]] · While these events were going on
While these events were going on, Eurymedon and Sophocles had put to sea with the Athenian fleet from Pylos on their way to Sicily and, arriving at Corcyra, joined the townsmen in an expedition against the party established on Mount Istone, who had crossed over, as I have mentioned, after the revolution and become masters of the country, to the great hurt of the inhabitants.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Mount Istone]]
Their stronghold having been taken by an attack, the garrison took refuge in a body upon some high ground and there capitulated, agreeing to give up their mercenary auxiliaries, lay down their arms, and commit themselves to the discretion of the Athenian people.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Ptychia]] · Meanwhile
The generals carried them across under truce to the island of Ptychia, to be kept in custody until they could be sent to Athens, upon the understanding that, if any were caught running away, all would lose the benefit of the treaty.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Corcyra]] · At last, however
At last, however, someone opened their eyes to the truth, upon which they called upon the Athenians to kill them themselves, if such was their pleasure, and refused any longer to go out of the building, and said they would do all they could to prevent any one coming in.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Eion]] · During the winter ensuing
Aristides son of Archippus Artaphernes
Aristides, son of Archippus, one of the commanders of the Athenian ships sent to collect money from the allies, arrested at Eion, on the Strymon, Artaphernes, a Persian, on his way from the King to Lacedaemon.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Ephesus]] · about that time
who heard there of the death of King Artaxerxes, son of Xerxes, which took place about that time
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Cythera]] · in the same summer
the Athenians in the same summer made an expedition with sixty ships, two thousand heavy infantry, a few cavalry, and some allied troops from Miletus and other parts, against Cythera, under the command of Nicias, son of Niceratus, Nicostratus, son of Diotrephes, and Autocles, son of Tolmaeus.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Cythera]] · soon afterwards
where they soon afterwards capitulated to Nicias and his colleagues, agreeing to leave their fate to the decision of the Athenians, their lives only being safe.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Thyrea]]
with Tantalus, son of Patrocles, their Lacedaemonian commander, who had been wounded and taken prisoner.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]]
and Tantalus to share the imprisonment of the Lacedaemonians taken on the island.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Sicily]]
Hermocrates Sicilians
The Sicilians took his advice, and came to an understanding among themselves to end the war, each keeping what they had
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Morgantina]]
Camarinaeans Syracusans
the Camarinaeans taking Morgantina at a price fixed to be paid to the Syracusans
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Sicily]]
allies of the Athenians Athenian generals
the allies of the Athenians called the officers in command, and told them that they were going to make peace and that they would be included in the treaty. The generals assenting, the peace was concluded
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Sicily]] · afterwards
Sicilians Athenians
and the Athenian fleet afterwards sailed away from Sicily
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Athens]] · Upon their arrival at Athens
Athenians Pythodorus Sophocles
Upon their arrival at Athens, the Athenians banished Pythodorus and Sophocles
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Athens]] · Upon their arrival at Athens
Athenians Eurymedon
and fined Eurymedon for having taken bribes to depart when they might have subdued Sicily
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Megara]] · The same summer
Hippocrates son of Ariphron Demosthenes
entered in their alarm into correspondence with the Athenian generals, Hippocrates, son of Ariphron, and Demosthenes, son of Alcisthenes, and resolved to betray the town
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Megara]] · A little before daybreak
The first to run in was Demosthenes with his Plataeans and Peripoli, just where the trophy now stands; and he was no sooner within the gates than the Plataeans engaged and defeated the nearest party of Peloponnesians
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Megara]] · By daybreak
Hippocrates son of Ariphron Demosthenes
By daybreak, the walls being now taken and the Megarians in the city in great agitation
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Nisaea]] · by the afternoon of the next
Hippocrates son of Ariphron Demosthenes
the garrison in Nisaea, alarmed by the absolute want of provisions, which they used to take in for the day from the upper town, not anticipating any speedy relief from the Peloponnesians, and supposing Megara to be hostile, capitulated to the Athenians on condition that they should give up their arms, and should each be ransomed for a stipulated sum
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Megara]] · Just at this time
He accordingly invited the townspeople to admit his party, saying that he had hopes of recovering Nisaea. However, one of the Megarian factions feared that he might expel them and restore the exiles; the other that the commons, apprehensive of this very danger, might set upon them, and the city be thus destroyed by a battle within its gates under the eyes of the ambushed Athenians. He was accordingly refused admittance
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Plataea]] · At daybreak
Boeotians Brasidas
At daybreak the Boeotians joined him. Having determined to relieve Megara, whose danger they considered their own, even before hearing from Brasidas, they were already in full force at Plataea, when his messenger arrived to add spurs to their resolution; and they at once sent on to him two thousand two hundred heavy infantry, and six hundred horse, returning home with the main body.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Nisaea]]
Athenians Brasidas
Accordingly, after waiting for some time without either side attacking, the Athenians withdrew to Nisaea, and the Peloponnesians after them to the point from which they had set out.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Megara]]
Brasidas Megarians
The friends of the Megarian exiles now threw aside their hesitation, and opened the gates to Brasidas and the commanders from the different states—looking upon him as the victor and upon the Athenians as having declined the battle—and receiving them into the town proceeded to discuss matters with them;
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Pegae]] · Afterwards
Megarians
while the rest conferred with the friends of the exiles, and restored the party at Pegae, after binding them under solemn oaths to take no vengeance for the past, and only to consult the real interests of the town.
Book 4 · Chapter 13 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Megara]] · as soon as they were in office
Megarians
However, as soon as they were in office, they held a review of the heavy infantry, and separating the battalions, picked out about a hundred of their enemies, and of those who were thought to be most involved in the correspondence with the Athenians, brought them before the people, and compelling the vote to be given openly, had them condemned and executed, and established a close oligarchy in the town—a revolution which lasted a very long while, although effected by a very few partisans.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Antandrus]] · The same summer
Demodocus Aristides, commander with Demodocus
They accordingly got together a force from the allies and set sail, defeated in battle the troops that met them from Antandrus, and retook the place.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 1 · 📍 [[the river Calex]] · Not long after
Lamachus, who had sailed into the Pontus, lost his ships at anchor in the river Calex, in the territory of Heraclea, rain having fallen in the interior and the flood coming suddenly down upon them;
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Oeniadae]] · The same summer
Demosthenes on his arrival found Oeniadae already compelled by the united Acarnanians to join the Athenian confederacy,
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 1 · The same summer
and himself raising all the allies in those countries marched against and subdued Salynthius and the Agraeans;
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Thracian places]] · About the same time in the summer
About the same time in the summer, Brasidas set out on his march for the Thracian places with seventeen hundred heavy infantry,
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]] · The Spartans now
The Spartans now therefore gladly sent seven hundred as heavy infantry with Brasidas,
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 2
Brasidas himself was sent out by the Lacedaemonians mainly at his own desire
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 2
At the present moment his just and moderate conduct towards the towns generally succeeded in procuring their revolt
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 2 · 📍 [[the pass leading into Lyncus]]
Nevertheless Brasidas disregarded the wishes of Perdiccas and held the parley in spite of him, and suffered himself to be persuaded to lead off the army without invading the country of Arrhabaeus
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Acanthus]] · The same summer, without loss of time,
However, fear for their fruit, which was still out, enabled Brasidas to persuade the multitude to admit him alone, and to hear what he had to say before making a decision; and he was admitted accordingly
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Siphae]] · the first days of the winter following
Demosthenes, sailing first to Siphae, with the Acarnanians and many of the allies from those parts on board, failed to effect anything, through the plot having been betrayed by Nicomachus
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Siphae]] · the first days of the winter following
Succours accordingly flocked in from all parts of Boeotia, Hippocrates not being yet there to make his diversion, and Siphae and Chaeronea were promptly secured
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Delium]] · the third day after leaving home
The work was begun on the third day after leaving home
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Delium]] · the fifth
Hippocrates having stayed behind at Delium to arrange the posts, and to give directions for the completion of such part of the outworks as had been left unfinished.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 3
By these arguments Pagondas persuaded the Boeotians to attack the Athenians, and quickly breaking up his camp led his army forward
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 4
Hippocrates son of Ariphron Pagondas
At length in both parts of the field, disturbed by this panic, and with their line broken by the advancing Thebans, the whole Athenian army took to flight.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 4
Not quite five hundred Boeotians fell in the battle, and nearly one thousand Athenians, including Hippocrates the general, besides a great number of light troops and camp followers.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 4 · About the same time with the affair of Delium
About the same time with the affair of Delium took place the death of Sitalces, king of the Odrysians, who was defeated in battle, in a campaign against the Triballi; Seuthes, son of Sparadocus, his nephew, succeeding to the kingdom of the Odrysians, and of the rest of Thrace ruled by Sitalces.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]]
A settlement upon the spot on which the city now stands was before attempted by Aristagoras, the Milesian (when he fled from King Darius), who was however dislodged by the Edonians;
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]] · Twenty-nine years after
Twenty-nine years after, the Athenians returned (Hagnon, son of Nicias, being sent out as leader of the colony) and drove out the Edonians, and founded a town on the spot, formerly called Ennea Hodoi or Nine Ways.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]] · that same night
This guard he easily drove in, partly through there being treason in their ranks, partly from the stormy state of the weather and the suddenness of his attack, and so got across the bridge, and immediately became master of all the property outside;
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Eion]]
After this Thucydides put all in order at Eion to secure it against any present or future attack of Brasidas
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]] · late in the same day
and thus the surrender was made and Brasidas was admitted by them on the terms of his proclamation.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Myrcinus]] · After this
Myrcinus, an Edonian town, also came over to him;
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Galepsus]] · not long after
and Galepsus and Oesime, which are Thasian colonies, not long after followed its example.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]] · immediately after the capture
Perdiccas too came up immediately after the capture and joined in these arrangements.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]]
Athenians Brasidas
The news that Amphipolis was in the hands of the enemy caused great alarm at Athens.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 6
Athenians
Observing this, the Athenians sent garrisons to the different towns, as far as was possible at such short notice and in winter;
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Strymon]]
Brasidas Lacedaemonians
while Brasidas sent dispatches to Lacedaemon asking for reinforcements, and himself made preparations for building galleys in the Strymon. The Lacedaemonians however did not send him any,
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 6 · The same winter
Megarians Athenians
The same winter the Megarians took and razed to the foundations the long walls which had been occupied by the Athenians;
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Acte]] · The same winter
Brasidas Sane Dium
Most of these came over to Brasidas; but Sane and Dium held out and saw their land ravaged by him and his army.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Torone]]
Brasidas Toronaeans Athenians
The capture of the town was effected before the great body of the Toronaeans had recovered from their surprise and confusion;
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Lecythus]]
Athenians Toronaeans
The rest escaped, some by land, others to the two ships on the station, and took refuge in Lecythus, a fort garrisoned by their own men in the corner of the town running out into the sea and cut off by a narrow isthmus; where they were joined by the Toronaeans of their party.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Lecythus]] · Day now arrived
Brasidas Athenians
The Athenians refused this offer, but asked for a truce for a day to take up their dead. Brasidas granted it for two days,
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Lecythus]] · One day
Brasidas, perceiving that they were deserting the parapet, and seeing what was going on, dashed forward with his troops, and immediately took the fort
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Lecythus]]
he gave the thirty minae to the goddess for her temple, and razed and cleared Lecythus, and made the whole of it consecrated ground.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 7 · the fourteenth of the month of Elaphebolion
It was agreed accordingly in the popular assembly that the armistice should be for one year, beginning that very day, the fourteenth of the month of Elaphebolion
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · the twelfth day of the Spartan month Gerastius
Taurus Athenaeus Philocharidas Aeneas Euphamidas Damotimus Onasimus Nicasus Menecrates Amphias Nicostratus Nicias Autocles
On these terms the Lacedaemonians concluded with the Athenians and their allies on the twelfth day of the Spartan month Gerastius; the allies also taking the oaths.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Scione]] · In the days in which they were going backwards and forwards to these conferences
In the days in which they were going backwards and forwards to these conferences, Scione, a town in Pallene, revolted from Athens, and went over to Brasidas.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 8 · 📍 [[Scione]]
publicly crowning him with a crown of gold as the liberator of Hellas
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 8 · 📍 [[Scione]]
Aristonymus made no difficulty about the rest, but finding, on counting the days, that the Scionaeans had revolted after the date of the convention, refused to include them in it. To this Brasidas earnestly objected, asserting that the revolt took place before, and would not give up the town.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 8 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Upon Aristonymus reporting the case to Athens, the people at once prepared to send an expedition to Scione.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 8 · 📍 [[Mende]]
Meanwhile Mende revolted, a town in Pallene and a colony of the Eretrians, and was received without scruple by Brasidas, in spite of its having evidently come over during the armistice
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 8 · 📍 [[Olynthus in Chalcidice]]
Brasidas, expecting their arrival, conveyed away to Olynthus in Chalcidice the women and children of the Scionaeans and Mendaeans
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 8 · 📍 [[Lyncus]]
Brasidas and Perdiccas also came down to meet them, and engaged and routed them with heavy loss
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 8
the news arrived that the Illyrians had actually betrayed Perdiccas and had joined Arrhabaeus
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 8 · at night
the Macedonians and the barbarian crowd took fright in a moment in one of those mysterious panics to which great armies are liable; and persuaded that an army many times more numerous than that which had really arrived was advancing and all but upon them, suddenly broke and fled in the direction of home, and thus compelled Perdiccas, who at first did not perceive what had occurred, to depart without seeing Brasidas
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9
Thus the Peloponnesians withstood the first attack, to the surprise of the enemy, and afterwards received and repulsed them as fast as they came on
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Arnisa]] · the same day
The heights once gained, Brasidas now proceeded more securely, and the same day arrived at Arnisa, the first town in the dominions of Perdiccas.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9
The soldiers, enraged at the desertion of the Macedonians, vented their rage on all their yokes of oxen which they found on the road, and on any baggage which had tumbled off
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Torone]] · On his return from Macedonia to Torone
On his return from Macedonia to Torone, Brasidas found the Athenians already masters of Mende, and remained quiet where he was, thinking it now out of his power to cross over into Pallene and assist the Mendaeans
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Mende]] · For about the same time as the campaign in Lyncus
under the command of Nicias, son of Niceratus, and Nicostratus, son of Diitrephes.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Mende]] · For that day
For that day, as the Mendaeans and their allies showed no signs of yielding, the Athenians retreated and encamped
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Scione]] · The next day
The next day the Athenians sailed round to the Scione side, and took the suburb, and all day plundered the country
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Scione]] · On the morrow
On the morrow Nicias advanced with half the army to the frontier of Scione and laid waste the country; while Nicostratus with the remainder sat down before the town near the upper gate on the road to Potidæa.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Mende]] · At this moment
Hereupon the infuriated commons at once seized their arms and rushed at the Peloponnesians and at their allies of the opposite faction.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Mende]]
The troops thus assaulted were at once routed, partly from the suddenness of the conflict and partly through fear of the gates being opened to the Athenians, with whom they imagined that the attack had been concerted. As many as were not killed on the spot took refuge in the citadel
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Mende]]
the whole, Athenian army, Nicias having by this time returned and being close to the city, now burst into Mende, which had opened its gates without any convention, and sacked it just as if they had taken it by storm
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Mende]] · After this
After this the Athenians told the Mendaeans that they might retain their civil rights, and themselves judge the supposed authors of the revolt
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Mende]] · After this
and cut off the party in the citadel by a wall built down to the sea on either side, appointing troops to maintain the blockade.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Scione]] · Having thus secured Mende
Having thus secured Mende, they proceeded against Scione.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 10 · 📍 [[Thessaly]]
Perdiccas, being now required by Nicias to give some proof of the sincerity of his reconciliation to the Athenians, and being himself no longer disposed to let the Peloponnesians into his country, put in motion his friends in Thessaly, with whose chief men he always took care to have relations, and so effectually stopped the army and its preparation that they did not even try the Thessalians.
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 10 · just then
Ischagoras Ameinias Aristeus the Lacedaemonian envoy to Brasidas Brasidas
Ischagoras himself, however, with Ameinias and Aristeus, succeeded in reaching Brasidas
Book 4 · Chapter 14 · Part 10 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]]
Brasidas Clearidas Cleonymus Pasitelidas Hegesander, father of Pasitelidas
Brasidas accordingly placed Clearidas, son of Cleonymus, in Amphipolis, and Pasitelidas, son of Hegesander, in Torone.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Torone]] · the next summer
But the Athenians from the ships had already taken Torone, and their land forces following at his heels burst in with him with a rush over the part of the old wall that had been pulled down, killing some of the Peloponnesians and Toronaeans in the melee, and making prisoners of the rest, and Pasitelidas their commander amongst them.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Torone]]
Cleon and the Athenians set up two trophies, one by the harbour, the other by the fortification and, making slaves of the wives and children of the Toronaeans, sent the men with the Peloponnesians and any Chalcidians that were there, to the number of seven hundred, to Athens;
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Torone]]
Brasidas meanwhile had advanced to relieve Torone, and had only about four miles more to go when he heard of its fall on the road, and turned back again.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Bricinniae]] · About the same time
Arrived in Sicily, Phaeax succeeded at Camarina and Agrigentum, but meeting with a repulse at Gela did not go on to the rest, as he saw that he should not succeed with them, but returned through the country of the Sicels to Catana, and after visiting Bricinniae as he passed, and encouraging its inhabitants, sailed back to Athens.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 1 · During his voyage along the coast to and from Sicily
These being met by Phaeax on their return home received no injury at his hands, as the Locrians had agreed with him for a treaty with Athens.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Galepsus]]
after an unsuccessful assault upon the Andrian colony of Stagirus, took Galepsus, a colony of Thasos, by storm.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Cerdylium]]
Informed of this, Brasidas on his part took up a position of observation upon Cerdylium, a place situated in the Argilian country on high ground across the river, not far from Amphipolis, and commanding a view on all sides, and thus made it impossible for Cleon’s army to move without his seeing it;
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]] · At the same time
At the same time Brasidas made his preparations, calling to his standard fifteen hundred Thracian mercenaries and all the Edonians, horse and targeteers; he also had a thousand Myrcinian and Chalcidian targeteers, besides those in Amphipolis, and a force of heavy infantry numbering altogether about two thousand, and three hundred Hellenic horse. Fifteen hundred of these he had with him upon Cerdylium; the rest were stationed with Clearidas in Amphipolis.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]] · not long after
he lived to hear of the victory of his troops, and not long after expired.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]]
Cleon, who from the first had no thought of fighting, at once fled and was overtaken and slain by a Myrcinian targeteer
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]] · After this
After this all the allies attended in arms and buried Brasidas at the public expense in the city, in front of what is now the marketplace, and the Amphipolitans, having enclosed his tomb, ever afterwards sacrifice to him as a hero
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]] · After taking up their dead
while Clearidas and his troops remained to arrange matters at Amphipolis.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Heraclea in Trachis]] · About the same time
Ramphias Autocharidas Epicydidas
arriving at Heraclea in Trachis reformed matters there as seemed good to them.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Pierium in Thessaly]] · With the beginning of the winter following
Ramphias Autocharidas Epicydidas
but as the Thessalians opposed their further advance, and Brasidas whom they came to reinforce was dead, they turned back home
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 3 · this winter
Accordingly this winter was employed in conferences
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Attica]] · as spring rapidly approached
as spring rapidly approached, the Lacedaemonians sent round orders to the cities to prepare for a fortified occupation of Attica, and held this as a sword over the heads of the Athenians to induce them to listen to their overtures
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 3
all voting for peace except the Boeotians, Corinthians, Eleans, and Megarians, who did not approve of these proceedings, they concluded the treaty and made peace
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Nisaea]]
Each party was to restore its conquests, but Athens was to keep Nisaea
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]]
The Lacedaemonians and their allies shall give back Amphipolis to the Athenians.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Panactum]]
but the Lacedaemonians and their allies shall give back Panactum to the Athenians.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Athens]]
The Athenians shall give back Coryphasium, Cythera, Methana, Lacedaemonians that are in the prison at Athens or elsewhere in the Athenian dominions
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Scione]]
and shall let go the Peloponnesians besieged in Scione, and all others in Scione that are allies of the Lacedaemonians
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 3
The Lacedaemonians and their allies shall in like manner give back any of the Athenians or their allies that they may have in their hands.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 4 · immediately
Ischagoras Philocharidas Menas
immediately set free all the prisoners of war in their possession, and sent Ischagoras, Menas, and Philocharidas as envoys to the towns in the direction of Thrace, to order Clearidas to hand over Amphipolis to the Athenians
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]]
Clearidas also, willing to oblige the Chalcidians, would not hand over the town, averring his inability to do so against their will.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · Meanwhile
Meanwhile he hastened in person to Lacedaemon with envoys from the place, to defend his disobedience against the possible accusations of Ischagoras and his companions, and also to see whether it was too late for the agreement to be altered
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 4 · on finding the Lacedaemonians were bound
on finding the Lacedaemonians were bound, quickly set out back again with instructions from them to hand over the place, if possible, or at all events to bring out the Peloponnesians that were in it.
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 4 · in the spring, just at the end of winter
Ischagoras Philocharidas Menas
This treaty was made in the spring, just at the end of winter, directly after the city festival of Dionysus
Book 5 · Chapter 15 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · now
Ischagoras Philocharidas Menas
Accordingly, after conference with the Athenian ambassadors, an alliance was agreed upon and oaths were exchanged, upon the terms following:
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · after the ten years’ war
After the treaty and the alliance between the Lacedaemonians and Athenians, concluded after the ten years’ war, in the ephorate of Pleistolas at Lacedaemon, and the archonship of Alcaeus at Athens
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Arcadia]] · The same summer
The same summer the Lacedaemonians marched into Arcadia with their whole levy under Pleistoanax, son of Pausanias, king of Lacedaemon, against the Parrhasians, who were subjects of Mantinea, and a faction of whom had invited their aid. They also meant to demolish, if possible, the fort of Cypsela which the Mantineans had built and garrisoned in the Parrhasian territory, to annoy the district of Sciritis in Laconia. The Lacedaemonians accordingly laid waste the Parrhasian country, and the Mantineans, placing their town in the hands of an Argive garrison, addressed themselves to the defence of their confederacy, but being unable to save Cypsela or the Parrhasian towns went back to Mantinea. Meanwhile the Lacedaemonians made the Parrhasians independent, razed the fortress, and returned home.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 2 · The same summer
and the Lacedaemonians decreed that the Helots who had fought with Brasidas should be free and allowed to live where they liked,
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Lepreum]] · not long afterwards
not long afterwards settled them with the Neodamodes at Lepreum, which is situated on the Laconian and Elean border;
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · Next winter
when Cleobulus and Xenares, the two ephors who were the most anxious to break off the treaty, took advantage of this opportunity to communicate privately with the Boeotians and Corinthians, and, advising them to act as much as possible together, instructed the former first to enter into alliance with Argos, and then try and bring themselves and the Argives into alliance with Lacedaemon.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]]
The members of the Boeotian councils refused their assent to the proposal, being afraid of offending Lacedaemon by entering into a league with the deserter Corinth; the Boeotarchs not having acquainted them with what had passed at Lacedaemon and with the advice given by Cleobulus and Xenares and the Boeotian partisans there
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · In the first days of the summer following
now hastily sent off Eustrophus and Aeson, who seemed the persons most likely to be acceptable, as envoys to Lacedaemon, with the view of making as good a treaty as they could with the Lacedaemonians, upon such terms as could be got, and being left in peace.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]]
Eventually, however, the Argive ambassadors succeeded in obtaining from them this concession: For the present there was to be a truce for fifty years, but it should be competent for either party, there being neither plague nor war in Lacedaemon or Argos, to give a formal challenge and decide the question of this territory by battle, as on a former occasion, when both sides claimed the victory; pursuit not being allowed beyond the frontier of Argos or Lacedaemon.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Panactum]] · In the meantime
Andromedes Phaedimus Antimenidas
found that the Boeotians had themselves razed Panactum, upon the plea that oaths had been anciently exchanged between their people and the Athenians, after a dispute on the subject to the effect that neither should inhabit the place, but that they should graze it in common.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Andromedes Phaedimus Antimenidas
As for the Athenian prisoners of war in the hands of the Boeotians, these were delivered over to Andromedes and his colleagues, and by them conveyed to Athens and given back.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Andromedes Phaedimus Antimenidas
The Athenians also considered the other points in which Lacedaemon had failed in her compact, and thinking that they had been overreached, gave an angry answer to the ambassadors and sent them away.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]] · immediately upon the above occurring
he sent privately to the Argives, telling them to come as quickly as possible to Athens, accompanied by the Mantineans and Eleans, with proposals of alliance; as the moment was propitious and he himself would do all he could to help them.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]]
He persuaded the Lacedaemonians by a solemn assurance that if they would say nothing of their full powers in the assembly, he would give back Pylos to them (himself, the present opponent of its restitution, engaging to obtain this from the Athenians), and would settle the other points at issue.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]]
The Lacedaemonians, however, refused to give up the Boeotian alliance—the party of Xenares the ephor, and such as shared their view, carrying the day upon this point—but renewed the oaths at the request of Nicias, who feared to return without having accomplished anything and to be disgraced;
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]] · When he returned
When he returned, and the Athenians heard that nothing had been done at Lacedaemon, they flew into a passion, and deciding that faith had not been kept with them, took advantage of the presence of the Argives and their allies, who had been introduced by Alcibiades, and made a treaty and alliance with them upon the terms following: The Athenians, Argives, Mantineans, and Eleans, acting for themselves and the allies in their respective empires, made a treaty for a hundred years, to be without fraud or hurt by land and by sea.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]] · The same summer
and among other things induced the Patrians to carry their walls down to the sea, intending himself also to build a fort near the Achaean Rhium. However, the Corinthians and Sicyonians, and all others who would have suffered by its being built, came up and hindered him.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Leuctra]] · The same summer
The sacrifices, however, for crossing the frontier not proving propitious, the Lacedaemonians returned home themselves
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Caryae]] · The same summer
The Lacedaemonians also marched out to Caryae; but the frontier sacrifices again proving unfavourable, they went back again
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Epidaurus]] · The same summer
Meanwhile a thousand Athenian heavy infantry had come to their aid under the command of Alcibiades, but finding that the Lacedaemonian expedition was at an end, and that they were no longer wanted, went back again.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Pylos]] · The next winter
The Athenians were persuaded by Alcibiades to inscribe at the bottom of the Laconian pillar that the Lacedaemonians had not kept their oaths, and to convey the Helots at Cranii to Pylos to plunder the country
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Argos]] · In the middle of the next summer
and accordingly with their full force, the Helots included, took the field against Argos, under the command of Agis, son of Archidamus, king of the Lacedaemonians.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Methydrium]] · In the middle of the next summer
but Agis eluded them by breaking up his camp in the night, and proceeded to join the rest of the allies at Phlius.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Argos]] · In the middle of the next summer
These dispositions concluded, Agis invaded the plain and began to ravage Saminthus and other places.
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 8 · Just before the battle joined
Agis, afraid of his left being surrounded, and thinking that the Mantineans outflanked it too far, ordered the Sciritae and Brasideans to move out from their place in the ranks and make the line even with the Mantineans
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 8 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · afterwards
Aristocles and Hipponoidas would not move over, for which offence they were afterwards banished from Sparta, as having been guilty of cowardice
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 8
Agis also on perceiving the distress of his left opposed to the Mantineans and the thousand Argives, ordered all the army to advance to the support of the defeated wing
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 8 · 📍 [[Tegea]]
they took up their own dead and carried them back to Tegea, where they buried them
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 9 · 📍 [[Argos]]
After much discussion, Alcibiades happening to be in the town, the Lacedaemonian party, who now ventured to act openly, persuaded the Argives to accept the proposal for accommodation
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 9 · not long afterwards
not long afterwards the same party contrived that the Argives should give up the league with the Mantineans, Eleans, and Athenians, and should make a treaty and alliance with the Lacedaemonians; which was consequently done
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 10 · 📍 [[Argos]] · The winter following
Agis, son of Archidamus, their king, was in command. The intelligence which they counted upon within the town came to nothing; they however took and razed the walls which were being built
Book 5 · Chapter 16 · Part 10 · 📍 [[Hysiae]] · The winter following
after capturing the Argive town Hysiae and killing all the freemen that fell into their hands, went back and dispersed every man to his city.
Book 5 · Chapter 17 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Melos]] · The next summer
The Athenians also made an expedition against the isle of Melos with thirty ships of their own, six Chian, and two Lesbian vessels, sixteen hundred heavy infantry, three hundred archers, and twenty mounted archers from Athens, and about fifteen hundred heavy infantry from the allies and the islanders.
Book 5 · Chapter 17 · Part 2 · afterwards
Reinforcements afterwards arriving from Athens in consequence, under the command of Philocrates, son of Demeas, the siege was now pressed vigorously; and some treachery taking place inside, the Melians surrendered at discretion to the Athenians
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Naxos]]
They founded Naxos and built the altar to Apollo Archegetes, which now stands outside the town
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Syracuse]] · the year afterwards
Syracuse was founded the year afterwards by Archias, one of the Heraclids from Corinth, who began by driving out the Sicels from the island upon which the inner city now stands
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Leontini]] · in the fifth year after the foundation of Syracuse
Meanwhile Thucles and the Chalcidians set out from Naxos in the fifth year after the foundation of Syracuse, and drove out the Sicels by arms and founded Leontini and afterwards Catana; the Catanians themselves choosing Evarchus as their founder.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Selinus]] · a hundred years after they had settled there
Before their expulsion, however, a hundred years after they had settled there, they sent out Pamillus and founded Selinus; he having come from their mother country Megara to join them in its foundation.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Gela]] · in the forty-fifth year after the foundation of Syracuse
Gela was founded by Antiphemus from Rhodes and Entimus from Crete, who joined in leading a colony thither, in the forty-fifth year after the foundation of Syracuse.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Acragas]] · Near one hundred and eight years after the foundation of Gela
Near one hundred and eight years after the foundation of Gela, the Geloans founded Acragas (Agrigentum), so called from the river of that name, and made Aristonous and Pystilus their founders
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Zancle]]
the founders being Perieres and Crataemenes from Cuma and Chalcis respectively.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Messina]] · not long afterwards
and the Samians in their turn not long afterwards by Anaxilas, tyrant of Rhegium, the town was by him colonized with a mixed population, and its name changed to Messina, after his old country.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Camarina]] · some time later
Hippocrates, tyrant of Gela, some time later receiving their land in ransom for some Syracusan prisoners, resettled Camarina, himself acting as its founder.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[the Hyblaean Megara]] · after which
Gelo
after which they were expelled from the city and the country by the Syracusan tyrant Gelo.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Camarina]] · Lastly
Gelo
Lastly, it was again depopulated by Gelo, and settled once more for the third time by the Geloans.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 2 · Early in the spring of the following summer
The Athenians held an assembly and, after hearing from the Egestaeans and their own envoys a report, as attractive as it was untrue, upon the state of affairs generally, and in particular as to the money, of which, it was said, there was abundance in the temples and the treasury, voted to send sixty ships to Sicily, under the command of Alcibiades, son of Clinias, Nicias, son of Niceratus, and Lamachus, son of Xenophanes, who were appointed with full powers; they were to help the Egestaeans against the Selinuntines, to restore Leontini upon gaining any advantage in the war, and to order all other matters in Sicily as they should deem best for the interests of Athens.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 3
when I sent into the lists seven chariots, a number never before entered by any private person, and won the first prize, and was second and fourth
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Mantinea]]
Having united the most powerful states of Peloponnese, without great danger or expense to you, I compelled the Lacedaemonians to stake their all upon the issue of a single day at Mantinea
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Mantinea]]
and although victorious in the battle, they have never since fully recovered confidence.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 3
the mass of the people set him down as a pretender to the tyranny, and became his enemies
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 3 · before long
his habits gave offence to every one, and caused them to commit affairs to other hands, and thus before long to ruin the city.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]]
After hearing him and the Egestaeans and some Leontine exiles, who came forward reminding them of their oaths and imploring their assistance, the Athenians became more eager for the expedition than before.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]] · At last
Upon hearing this the Athenians at once voted that the generals should have full powers in the matter of the numbers of the army and of the expedition generally, to do as they judged best for the interests of Athens.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]] · After this
After this the preparations began; messages being sent to the allies and the rolls drawn up at home.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]] · in one night
Athens
In the midst of these preparations all the stone Hermae in the city of Athens, that is to say the customary square figures, so common in the doorways of private houses and temples, had in one night most of them their fares mutilated.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 5
Alcibiades being implicated in this charge, it was taken hold of by those who could least endure him, because he stood in the way of their obtaining the undisturbed direction of the people, and who thought that if he were once removed the first place would be theirs.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 5 · before going on the expedition
Alcibiades repelled on the spot the charges in question, and also before going on the expedition, the preparations for which were now complete, offered to stand his trial, that it might be seen whether he was guilty of the acts imputed to him; desiring to be punished if found guilty, but, if acquitted, to take the command.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Piraeus]] · about midsummer
Athens
After this the departure for Sicily took place, it being now about midsummer.
Book 6 · Chapter 18 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Corcyra]]
Athens
The hymn sung and the libations finished, they put out to sea, and first out in column then raced each other as far as Aegina, and so hastened to reach Corcyra, where the rest of the allied forces were also assembling.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Syracuse]] · Seventeenth Year of the War
Much as you wonder at it, the Athenians nevertheless have set out against us with a large force, naval and military, professedly to help the Egestaeans and to restore Leontini, but really to conquer Sicily, and above all our city
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 2
Syracusans
After these words from the general, the Syracusans departed from the assembly.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 2
the general Syracusans
we will undertake to see to and order this, and to send round to the cities to reconnoitre and do all else that may appear desirable.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Corcyra]] · In the meantime
Athenians all their allies
In the meantime the Athenians with all their allies had now arrived at Corcyra.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Corcyra]]
the generals
dividing the whole fleet into three divisions, allotted one to each of their number
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Corcyra]] · After this
the Athenians
Next they sent on three ships to Italy and Sicily to find out which of the cities would receive them
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Corcyra]] · After this
the Athenians
After this the Athenians weighed from Corcyra, and proceeded to cross to Sicily
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Rhegium]]
the Rhegians replied that they would not side with either party, but should await the decision of the rest of the Italiots, and do as they did.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Rhegium]] · Meanwhile
Meanwhile the three ships that had been sent on came from Egesta to the Athenians at Rhegium, with the news that so far from there being the sums promised, all that could be produced was thirty talents.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Messina]] · After this
After this Alcibiades sailed in his own vessel across to Messina with proposals of alliance, but met with no success, the inhabitants answering that they could not receive him within their walls, though they would provide him with a market outside.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Naxos]] · Immediately upon his return
Received by the Naxians, they then coasted on to Catana
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Catana]] · Immediately upon his return
and being refused admittance by the inhabitants, there being a Syracusan party in the town, went on to the river Terias.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Syracuse]] · the next day
and to proclaim by herald from shipboard that the Athenians were come to restore the Leontines to their country, as being their allies and kinsmen, and that such of them, therefore, as were in Syracuse should leave it without fear and join their friends and benefactors the Athenians.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4
Pisistratus dying at an advanced age in possession of the tyranny, was succeeded by his eldest son, Hippias, and not Hipparchus, as is vulgarly believed.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4
Solicited without success by Hipparchus, son of Pisistratus, Harmodius told Aristogiton
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4
Solicited without success by Hipparchus, son of Pisistratus, Harmodius told Aristogiton
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4
Hipparchus, after a second solicitation of Harmodius, attended with no better success
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4
unwilling to use violence, arranged to insult him in some covert way.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4 · 📍 [[the market-place]] · during his term of office
Among those of them that held the yearly archonship at Athens was Pisistratus, son of the tyrant Hippias, and named after his grandfather, who dedicated during his term of office the altar to the twelve gods in the market-place
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4
by first inviting a sister of his, a young girl, to come and bear a basket in a certain procession, and then rejecting her, on the plea that she had never been invited at all owing to her unworthiness.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4
Aristogiton and Harmodius were to begin, but were to be supported immediately by their accomplices against the bodyguard.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4 · 📍 [[the Leocorium]] · At last the festival arrived
Aristogiton Harmodius Hipparchus
and meeting with Hipparchus by the Leocorium recklessly fell upon him at once, infuriated, Aristogiton by love, and Harmodius by insult, and smote him and slew him.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4 · afterwards
Aristogiton escaped the guards at the moment, through the crowd running up, but was afterwards taken and dispatched in no merciful way
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4 · 📍 [[the Ceramicus]] · When the news was brought to Hippias
pointed to a certain spot, and bade them repair thither without their arms.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 4 · 📍 [[the Ceramicus]] · there and then
upon which he told the mercenaries to remove the arms, and there and then picked out the men he thought guilty and all found with daggers
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 5
In this way offended love first led Harmodius and Aristogiton to conspire, and the alarm of the moment to commit the rash action recounted.
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 5 · After this
After this the tyranny pressed harder on the Athenians, and Hippias, now grown more fearful, put to death many of the citizens
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Sigeum]] · In the fourth
Hippias, after reigning three years longer over the Athenians, was deposed in the fourth by the Lacedaemonians and the banished Alcmaeonidae, and went with a safe conduct to Sigeum, and to Aeantides at Lampsacus, and from thence to King Darius;
Book 6 · Chapter 19 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Marathon]] · twenty years after
from whose court he set out twenty years after, in his old age, and came with the Medes to Marathon.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Hyccara]]
Athenians
On their way they took Hyccara, a petty Sicanian seaport, nevertheless at war with Egesta, and making slaves of the inhabitants gave up the town to the Egestaeans
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Egesta]]
Nicias sailed straight from Hyccara along the coast and went to Egesta and, after transacting his other business and receiving thirty talents, rejoined the forces.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Hybla]]
Athenians
meanwhile went with half their own force to the hostile town of Hybla in the territory of Gela, but did not succeed in taking it.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 1 · The winter following
Athenians
The winter following, the Athenians at once began to prepare for moving on Syracuse
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Catana]]
Syracusans
Their preparations completed, and the time fixed for their arrival being at hand, they set out for Catana
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Syracuse]] · by night
Athenians
Meanwhile the Athenians no sooner knew of their approach than they took all their forces and such of the Sicels or others as had joined them, put them on board their ships and boats, and sailed by night to Syracuse.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Olympieum]] · when morning broke
Athenians
Thus, when morning broke the Athenians were landing opposite the Olympieum ready to seize their camping ground
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Daskon]]
Athenians
They also felled the neighbouring trees and carried them down to the sea, and formed a palisade alongside of their ships, and with stones which they picked up and wood hastily raised a fort at Daskon, the most vulnerable point of their position, and broke down the bridge over the Anapus.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 2
Hermocrates Heraclides Sicanus
The Syracusans heard him, and voted everything as he advised, and elected three generals, Hermocrates himself, Heraclides, son of Lysimachus, and Sicanus, son of Execestes.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 3 · After the Median War
After the Median War we had a fleet, and so got rid of the empire and supremacy of the Lacedaemonians
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 3
having done nothing unfair in reducing to subjection the Ionians and islanders
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 4 · at present
Camarinaeans Athenians Syracusans
they thought it most consistent with their oaths at present to side with neither
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 4
Sicels Athenians
the peoples of the interior who had never been otherwise than independent, with few exceptions, at once joined the Athenians, and brought down corn to the army, and in some cases even money.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 4
Athenians Sicels
The Athenians marched against those who refused to join, and forced some of them to do so
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 4
Syracusans Athenians
in the case of others they were stopped by the Syracusans sending garrisons and reinforcements.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Naxos]] · the rest of the winter
Athenians
Meanwhile the Athenians moved their winter quarters from Naxos to Catana, and reconstructed the camp burnt by the Syracusans, and stayed there the rest of the winter.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Carthage]]
Athenians Carthage
They also sent a galley to Carthage, with proffers of friendship, on the chance of obtaining assistance
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Tyrrhenia]]
Athenians Tyrrhenia
and another to Tyrrhenia; some of the cities there having spontaneously offered to join them in the war.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Egesta]] · meanwhile
Athenians Sicels Egesta
They also sent round to the Sicels and to Egesta, desiring them to send them as many horses as possible, and meanwhile prepared bricks, iron, and all other things necessary for the work of circumvallation
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Corinth]]
Corinthians Syracusans
The Corinthians voted at once to aid them heart and soul themselves
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Corinth]]
Corinthians Syracusans
and then sent on envoys with them to Lacedaemon, to help them to persuade her also to prosecute the war with the Athenians more openly at home and to send succours to Sicily.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]]
Corinthians Syracusans Alcibiades Lacedaemonians
The result was that the Corinthians, Syracusans, and Alcibiades, pressing all the same request in the assembly of the Lacedaemonians, succeeded in persuading them;
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 6
and naming Gylippus, son of Cleandridas, to the command of the Syracusans, bade him consult with that people and with the Corinthians and arrange for succours reaching the island, in the best and speediest way possible under the circumstances.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Epipolae]] · by daybreak
Lamachus came to their aid from the Athenian left with a few archers and with the Argives, and crossing a ditch, was left alone with a few that had crossed with him, and was killed with five or six of his men.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 7 · 📍 [[the Circle]]
the Circle itself being saved by Nicias, who happened to have been left in it through illness, and who now ordered the servants to set fire to the engines and timber thrown down before the wall
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 7 · After this
After this the Athenians set up a trophy and restored to the Syracusans their dead under truce, receiving in return Lamachus and those who had fallen with him.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Syracuse]] · now
The Syracusans began to despair of finding safety in arms, no relief having reached them from Peloponnese, and were now proposing terms of capitulation among themselves and to Nicias, who after the death of Lamachus was left sole commander. No decision was come to
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 7
and these were deposed and others, Heraclides, Eucles, and Tellias, elected in their stead.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 7 · 📍 [[Thurii]] · From Tarentum
From Tarentum Gylippus first went on an embassy to Thurii, and claimed anew the rights of citizenship which his father had enjoyed; failing to bring over the townspeople, he weighed anchor and coasted along Italy.
Book 6 · Chapter 20 · Part 8 · 📍 [[Epidaurus Limera]] · Now, however
Phytodorus Laespodius Demaratus
Now, however, under the command of Phytodorus, Laespodius, and Demaratus, they landed at Epidaurus Limera, Prasiae, and other places, and plundered the country;
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Syracuse]]
Gylippus now took with him about seven hundred of his sailors and marines, that number only having arms, a thousand heavy infantry and light troops from Himera with a body of a hundred horse, some light troops and cavalry from Selinus, a few Geloans, and Sicels numbering a thousand in all, and set out on his march for Syracuse.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Syracuse]]
Gongylus found the Syracusans on the point of holding an assembly to consider whether they should put an end to the war. This he prevented, and reassured them by telling them that more vessels were still to arrive, and that Gylippus, son of Cleandridas, had been dispatched by the Lacedaemonians to take the command.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Ietae]]
Meanwhile Gylippus, after taking Ietae, a fort of the Sicels, on his way, formed his army in order of battle, and so arrived at Epipolae
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epipolae]]
Gylippus halted at a short distance off and sent on a herald to tell them that, if they would evacuate Sicily with bag and baggage within five days’ time, he was willing to make a truce accordingly. The Athenians treated this proposition with contempt, and dismissed the herald without an answer.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Fort Labdalum]] · On the same day
On the following day he led out the main body of his army, and, drawing them up in order of battle before the walls of the Athenians to prevent their going to the relief of any other quarter, dispatched a strong force against Fort Labdalum, and took it, and put all whom he found in it to the sword
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Plemmyrium]]
Accordingly, he conveyed over his ships and some troops, and built three forts in which he placed most of his baggage, and moored there for the future the larger craft and men-of-war.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epipolae]]
At last he thought that the moment was come, and began the attack; and a hand-to-hand fight ensued between the lines, where the Syracusan cavalry could be of no use; and the Syracusans and their allies were defeated and took up their dead under truce, while the Athenians erected a trophy.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 2 · The night following
The night following the Syracusans carried their wall up to the Athenian works and passed them, thus putting it out of their power any longer to stop them, and depriving them, even if victorious in the field, of all chance of investing the city for the future.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Sicily]] · After this
Meanwhile Gylippus went into the rest of Sicily to raise land and naval forces, and also to bring over any of the cities that either were lukewarm in the cause or had hitherto kept out of the war altogether.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 2
Nicias perceiving this, and seeing the strength of the enemy and his own difficulties daily increasing, himself also sent to Athens.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Amphipolis]] · At the close of the same summer
At the close of the same summer the Athenian general Euetion marched in concert with Perdiccas with a large body of Thracians against Amphipolis, and failing to take it brought some galleys round into the Strymon, and blockaded the town from the river, having his base at Himeraeum.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]] · The winter ensuing
The clerk of the city now came forward and read out to the Athenians the letter, which was as follows:
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3
you must promptly decide either to recall us or to send out to us another fleet and army as numerous again, with a large sum of money, and someone to succeed me
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Nicias Menander Euthydemus Demosthenes Eurymedon
When the Athenians had heard it they refused to accept his resignation, but chose him two colleagues, naming Menander and Euthydemus, two of the officers at the seat of war, to fill their places until their arrival
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3 · about the time of the winter solstice
Eurymedon was sent off at once, about the time of the winter solstice, with ten ships, a hundred and twenty talents of silver, and instructions to tell the army that reinforcements would arrive, and that care would be taken of them
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Demosthenes stayed behind to organize the expedition, meaning to start as soon as it was spring, and sent for troops to the allies, and meanwhile got together money, ships, and heavy infantry at home.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]]
Athens
The Athenians also sent twenty vessels round Peloponnese to prevent any one crossing over to Sicily from Corinth or Peloponnese.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Attica]] · this winter
Lacedaemonians
In the meantime the Lacedaemonians prepared for their invasion of Attica, in accordance with their own previous resolve
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Attica]] · In the first days of the spring following
In the first days of the spring following, at an earlier period than usual, the Lacedaemonians and their allies invaded Attica, under the command of Agis, son of Archidamus, king of the Lacedaemonians.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Decelea]] · In the first days of the spring following
They began by devastating the parts bordering upon the plain, and next proceeded to fortify Decelea, dividing the work among the different cities.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Sicily]] · at about the same time
the Boeotians three hundred heavy infantry, commanded by two Thebans, Xenon and Nicon, and by Hegesander, a Thespian.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]] · at the very beginning of spring
at the very beginning of spring, they sent thirty ships round Peloponnese, under Charicles, son of Apollodorus, with instructions to call at Argos and demand a force of their heavy infantry for the fleet, agreeably to the alliance.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Aegina]] · at the very beginning of spring
At the same time they dispatched Demosthenes to Sicily, as they had intended, with sixty Athenian and five Chian vessels, twelve hundred Athenian heavy infantry from the muster-roll, and as many of the islanders as could be raised in the different quarters
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Syracuse]] · in this spring
the Syracusans, under the influence of Gylippus and Hermocrates, and perhaps some others, made up their minds for the sea-fight and began to man their vessels.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Plemmyrium]] · in the early morning
Gylippus made a sudden attack on the forts in the early morning and took the largest first, and afterwards the two smaller, whose garrisons did not wait for him, seeing the largest so easily taken.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Plemmyrium]]
Indeed the first and chiefest cause of the ruin of the Athenian army was the capture of Plemmyrium; even the entrance of the harbour being now no longer safe for carrying in provisions, as the Syracusan vessels were stationed there to prevent it, and nothing could be brought in without fighting; besides the general impression of dismay and discouragement produced upon the army.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Laconia]]
Taking on board the heavy infantry from Argos they sailed to Laconia, and, after first plundering part of Epidaurus Limera, landed on the coast of Laconia, opposite Cythera, where the temple of Apollo stands, and, laying waste part of the country, fortified a sort of isthmus, to which the Helots of the Lacedaemonians might desert, and from whence plundering incursions might be made as from Pylos.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Corcyra]] · then
Demosthenes helped to occupy this place, and then immediately sailed on to Corcyra to take up some of the allies in that island, and so to proceed without delay to Sicily;
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Laconia]] · subsequently
while Charicles waited until he had completed the fortification of the place and, leaving a garrison there, returned home subsequently with his thirty ships and the Argives also.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 5 · at once
they sent back at once the Thracians who came too late for Demosthenes, under the conduct of Diitrephes, who was instructed, as they were to pass through the Euripus, to make use of them if possible in the voyage alongshore to injure the enemy.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Mycalessus]] · at daybreak
at daybreak assaulted and took the town, which is not a large one; the inhabitants being off their guard and not expecting that any one would ever come up so far from the sea to molest them, the wall too being weak, and in some places having tumbled down, while in others it had not been built to any height, and the gates also being left open through their feeling of security. The Thracians bursting into Mycalessus sacked the houses and temples, and butchered the inhabitants, sparing neither youth nor age, but killing all they fell in with, one after the other, children and women, and even beasts of burden, and whatever other living creatures they saw;
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 5 · 📍 [[the Euripus]]
Meanwhile the Thebans heard of it and marched to the rescue, and overtaking the Thracians before they had gone far, recovered the plunder and drove them in panic to the Euripus and the sea, where the vessels which brought them were lying.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Phea in Elis]]
Demosthenes, whom we left sailing to Corcyra, after the building of the fort in Laconia, found a merchantman lying at Phea in Elis, in which the Corinthian heavy infantry were to cross to Sicily. The ship he destroyed, but the men escaped, and subsequently got another in which they pursued their voyage.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 5 · during the winter
he was met by Eurymedon returning from Sicily, where he had been sent, as has been mentioned, during the winter, with the money for the army,
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Naupactus]]
Demosthenes and Eurymedon, accordingly, sent ten of their best sailers with Conon to reinforce the squadron at Naupactus,
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Corcyra]]
Eurymedon, who was now the colleague of Demosthenes, and had turned back in consequence of his appointment, sailing to Corcyra to tell them to man fifteen ships and to enlist heavy infantry;
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Choerades Isles]]
where they took on board a hundred and fifty Iapygian darters of the Messapian tribe, and after renewing an old friendship with Artas the chief, who had furnished them with the darters, arrived at Metapontium in Italy.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Thurii]]
and to prevail upon the Thurians resolutely to join them in their expedition, and in the circumstances in which they found themselves to conclude a defensive and offensive alliance with the Athenians.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Erineus]]
After an obstinate struggle, the Corinthians lost three ships, and without sinking any altogether, disabled seven of the enemy, which were struck prow to prow and had their foreships stove in by the Corinthian vessels, whose cheeks had been strengthened for this very purpose.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Achaia]]
However, when the Peloponnesians sailed off and their land forces had dispersed, the Athenians also set up a trophy as victors in Achaia, about two miles and a quarter from Erineus, the Corinthian station.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 6
With these contrivances to suit their skill and ability, and now more confident after the previous sea-fight, the Syracusans attacked by land and sea at once.
Book 7 · Chapter 21 · Part 7 · The next day
until at last Ariston, son of Pyrrhicus, a Corinthian, the ablest helmsman in the Syracusan service, persuaded their naval commanders to send to the officials in the city, and tell them to move the sale market as quickly as they could down to the sea, and oblige every one to bring whatever eatables he had and sell them there, thus enabling the commanders to land the crews and dine at once close to the ships, and shortly afterwards, the selfsame day, to attack the Athenians again when they were not expecting it.
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 1
Demosthenes and Eurymedon arrived with the succours from Athens, consisting of about seventy-three ships, including the foreigners; nearly five thousand heavy infantry, Athenian and allied;
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epipolae]] · the first day after his arrival
Recollecting this, and well aware that it was now on the first day after his arrival that he like Nicias was most formidable to the enemy, Demosthenes determined to lose no time in drawing the utmost profit from the consternation at the moment inspired by his army;
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 1 · 📍 [[the Anapus]]
First therefore the Athenians went out and laid waste the lands of the Syracusans about the Anapus and carried all before them as at first by land and by sea,
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 1
As however the engines that he brought up were burnt by the enemy fighting from the wall, and the rest of the forces repulsed after attacking at many different points,
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epipolae]] · after the first watch
Demosthenes Eurymedon Menander
Having come up by the hill of Euryelus (where the former army had ascended at first) unobserved by the enemy’s guards, they went up to the fort which the Syracusans had there, and took it, and put to the sword part of the garrison.
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epipolae]]
These at once advanced against the assailants and, falling in with Demosthenes and the Athenians, were routed by them after a sharp resistance,
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epipolae]]
the Boeotians made the first stand against them, attacked them, routed them, and put them to flight.
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epipolae]]
Thus, after being once thrown into disorder, they ended by coming into collision with each other in many parts of the field, friends with friends, and citizens with citizens, and not only terrified one another, but even came to blows and could only be parted with difficulty.
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epipolae]] · in the morning
In the pursuit many perished by throwing themselves down the cliffs, the way down from Epipolae being narrow; and of those who got down safely into the plain, although many, especially those who belonged to the first armament, escaped through their better acquaintance with the locality, some of the newcomers lost their way and wandered over the country, and were cut off in the morning by the Syracusan cavalry and killed.
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Epipolae]] · The next day
The next day the Syracusans set up two trophies, one upon Epipolae where the ascent had been made, and the other on the spot where the first check was given by the Boeotians; and the Athenians took back their dead under truce.
Book 7 · Chapter 22 · Part 2 · In the meantime
In any case he was altogether opposed to their staying on where they were, and insisted on removing at once, as quickly and with as little delay as possible; and in this judgment Eurymedon agreed. Nicias however still objecting, a certain diffidence and hesitation came over them, with a suspicion that Nicias might have some further information to make him so positive.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Agrigentum]] · while he was still at Gela
Sicanus had failed to gain Agrigentum, the party friendly to the Syracusans having been driven out while he was still at Gela
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 1 · 📍 [[the breakwater]] · Afterwards
Gylippus seeing the enemy’s fleet defeated and carried ashore beyond their stockades and camp, ran down to the breakwater with some of his troops, in order to cut off the men as they landed and make it easier for the Syracusans to tow off the vessels by the shore being friendly ground. The Tyrrhenians who guarded this point for the Athenians, seeing them come on in disorder, advanced out against them and attacked and routed their van, hurling it into the marsh of Lysimeleia.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Great Harbour]] · at once
Syracusans their allies
They began at once to close up the Great Harbour by means of boats, merchant vessels, and galleys moored broadside across its mouth, which is nearly a mile wide, and made all their other arrangements for the event of the Athenians again venturing to fight at sea.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 2
Athenians Nicias
They therefore determined to evacuate their upper lines, to enclose with a cross wall and garrison a small space close to the ships, only just sufficient to hold their stores and sick, and manning all the ships, seaworthy or not, with every man that could be spared from the rest of their land forces, to fight it out at sea
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 2 · no sooner settled than carried into effect
Athenians
They thus succeeded in manning about one hundred and ten ships in all, on board of which they embarked a number of archers and darters taken from the Acarnanians and from the other foreigners, making all other provisions allowed by the nature of their plan and by the necessities which imposed it.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 3 · After this address
After this address Nicias at once gave orders to man the ships.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 3 · Meanwhile
They had also notice of the grappling-irons, against which they specially provided by stretching hides over the prows and much of the upper part of their vessels, in order that the irons when thrown might slip off without taking hold.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 4
Demosthenes Menander Euthydemus
Demosthenes, Menander, and Euthydemus, who took the command on board, put out from their own camp and sailed straight to the barrier across the mouth of the harbour and to the passage left open, to try to force their way out.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 4
When the rest of the Athenians came up to the barrier, with the first shock of their charge they overpowered the ships stationed there, and tried to undo the fastenings; after this, as the Syracusans and allies bore down upon them from all quarters, the action spread from the barrier over the whole harbour
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 4
until at last the Syracusans and their allies, after the battle had lasted a long while, put the Athenians to flight, and with much shouting and cheering chased them in open rout to the shore.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 4 · that very night
The Athenians, overwhelmed by their misfortune, never even thought of asking leave to take up their dead or wrecks, but wished to retreat that very night.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 4 · next morning
Demosthenes, however, went to Nicias and gave it as his opinion that they should man the ships they had left and make another effort to force their passage out next morning; saying that they had still left more ships fit for service than the enemy, the Athenians having about sixty remaining as against less than fifty of their opponents. Nicias was quite of his mind
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 4
but when they wished to man the vessels, the sailors refused to go on board, being so utterly overcome by their defeat as no longer to believe in the possibility of success.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 4
The sea-fight having been a severe one, and many ships and lives having been lost on both sides, the victorious Syracusans and their allies now picked up their wrecks and dead, and sailed off to the city and set up a trophy.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 5 · for that night
After saying this they departed; and their hearers informed the Athenian generals, who put off going for that night on the strength of this message, not doubting its sincerity.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 5 · upon the second day after the sea-fight
After this, Nicias and Demosthenes now thinking that enough had been done in the way of preparation, the removal of the army took place upon the second day after the sea-fight.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 6 · During the night
During the night Nicias and Demosthenes, seeing the wretched condition of their troops, now in want of every kind of necessary, and numbers of them disabled in the numerous attacks of the enemy, determined to light as many fires as possible, and to lead off the army, no longer by the same route as they had intended, but towards the sea in the opposite direction to that guarded by the Syracusans.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 6 · By morning
By morning, however, they reached the sea, and getting into the Helorine road, pushed on in order to reach the river Cacyparis, and to follow the stream up through the interior, where they hoped to be met by the Sicels whom they had sent for.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 6 · Afterwards
Afterwards a capitulation was agreed upon for all the rest with Demosthenes, to lay down their arms on condition that no one was to be put to death either by violence or imprisonment or want of the necessaries of life.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 6 · Upon this
Upon this they surrendered to the number of six thousand in all, laying down all the money in their possession, which filled the hollows of four shields, and were immediately conveyed by the Syracusans to the town.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 6 · The next day
Incredulous of the fact, Nicias asked for a truce to send a horseman to see, and upon the return of the messenger with the tidings that they had surrendered, sent a herald to Gylippus and the Syracusans, saying that he was ready to agree with them on behalf of the Athenians to repay whatever money the Syracusans had spent upon the war if they would let his army go; and offered until the money was paid to give Athenians as hostages, one for every talent.
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 7 · after this
Gylippus, after this, immediately gave orders to make prisoners; upon which the rest were brought together alive
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 7
but Nicias and Demosthenes were butchered, against the will of Gylippus
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 7 · 📍 [[quarries]]
The rest of their Athenian and allied captives were deposited in the quarries, this seeming the safest way of keeping them
Book 7 · Chapter 23 · Part 7 · after which
For some seventy days they thus lived all together, after which all, except the Athenians and any Siceliots or Italiots who had joined in the expedition, were sold.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Decelea]] · during this winter
Their king, Agis, accordingly set out at once during this winter with some troops from Decelea, and levied from the allies contributions for the fleet
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Corinth]] · during this winter
in spite of the protests and opposition of the Thessalians, forced the Achaeans of Phthiotis and the other subjects of the Thessalians in those parts to give him money and hostages, and deposited the hostages at Corinth
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Sunium]] · During this same winter
The Euboeans first of all sent envoys during this winter to Agis to treat of their revolting from Athens. Agis accepted their proposals
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Euboea]] · during this winter
Agis accepted their proposals, and sent for Alcamenes, son of Sthenelaidas, and Melanthus from Lacedaemon, to take the command in Euboea.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 1
and himself promising them ten ships, and the Boeotians the same number.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]]
Tissaphernes Darius Artaxerxes Amorges Pissuthnes
an ambassador from Tissaphernes, the commander of King Darius, son of Artaxerxes, in the maritime districts, who invited the Peloponnesians to come over, and promised to maintain their army.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · about the same time
Calligeitus Laophon Timagoras son of Athenagoras Athenagoras Pharnabazus Pharnaces
Calligeitus, son of Laophon, a Megarian, and Timagoras, son of Athenagoras, a Cyzicene, both of them exiles from their country and living at the court of Pharnabazus, son of Pharnaces, arrived at Lacedaemon upon a mission from Pharnabazus, to procure a fleet for the Hellespont
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]]
The Lacedaemonians, however, decidedly favoured the Chians and Tissaphernes, who were seconded by Alcibiades
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]]
immediately entered into alliance with the Chians and Erythraeans, and voted to send them forty ships
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Laconia]]
an earthquake having occurred, they sent Chalcideus instead of Melanchridas
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Corinth]] · At the beginning of the next summer
Agis Chalcideus Alcamenes Clearchus Ramphias
they decided to sail first to Chios under the command of Chalcideus, who was equipping the five vessels in Laconia, then to Lesbos, under the command of Alcamenes, the same whom Agis had fixed upon, and lastly to go to the Hellespont, where the command was given to Clearchus, son of Ramphias.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Spiraeum]]
in which the Athenians disabled most of the enemy’s vessels and killed Alcamenes their commander
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Lacedaemon]] · After this
and Endius and his colleagues thus persuaded, he put to sea with the five ships and the Lacedaemonian Chalcideus, and made all haste upon the voyage.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Leucadia]] · About this time
were caught on their return off Leucadia and roughly handled by the twenty-seven Athenian vessels under Hippocles, son of Menippus, on the lookout for the ships from Sicily. After losing one of their number, the rest escaped
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Chios]]
and after speeches from Chalcideus and Alcibiades stating that many more ships were sailing up, but saying nothing of the fleet being blockaded in Spiraeum, the Chians revolted from the Athenians
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Erythrae]] · immediately afterwards
and the Erythraeans immediately afterwards.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Clazomenae]] · After this
three vessels sailed over to Clazomenae, and made that city revolt also; and the Clazomenians immediately crossed over to the mainland and began to fortify Polichna
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Athens]] · In the consternation of the moment
In the consternation of the moment they at once took off the penalty attaching to whoever proposed or put to the vote a proposal for using the thousand talents which they had jealously avoided touching throughout the whole war, and voted to employ them to man a large number of ships, and to send off at once under Strombichides, son of Diotimus, the eight vessels, forming part of the blockading fleet at Spiraeum
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Teos]]
The Teians at first would not receive the land forces, but upon the flight of the Athenians took them into the town. There they waited for some time for Chalcideus to return from the pursuit, and as time went on without his appearing, began themselves to demolish the wall which the Athenians had built on the land side of the city of the Teians, being assisted by a few of the barbarians who had come up under the command of Stages, the lieutenant of Tissaphernes.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Miletus]]
Not discovered until their voyage was nearly completed, they arrived a little before Strombichides and Thrasycles (who had just come with twelve ships from Athens, and had joined Strombichides in pursuing them), and occasioned the revolt of Miletus.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Miletus]] · immediately upon the revolt of the Milesians
The first alliance between the King and the Lacedaemonians was now concluded immediately upon the revolt of the Milesians, by Tissaphernes and Chalcideus, and was as follows:
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Teos]] · Not long after his departure
The land forces now withdrawing from Teos, Tissaphernes repaired thither in person with an army and completed the demolition of anything that was left of the wall, and so departed.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Lebedos]] · After which
while the Chians put to sea with their remaining vessels, accompanied by the land forces, and caused Lebedos to revolt, and after it Erae.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Eresus]] · the next day
Arrived at Pyrrha, and from thence the next day at Eresus, he there learned that Mitylene had been taken, almost without a blow, by the Athenians
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Chios]]
As, however, everything went against him in Lesbos, he took up his own force and sailed back to Chios
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Chios]] · After this
After this six of the allied Peloponnesian ships at Cenchreae joined the forces at Chios.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Erythrae]]
the authorities took no action themselves, but brought Astyochus, the admiral, from Erythrae, with four ships that he had with him, and considered how they could most quietly, either by taking hostages or by some other means, put an end to the conspiracy.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Miletus]]
the Milesians came out to the number of eight hundred heavy infantry, with the Peloponnesians who had come with Chalcideus, and some foreign mercenaries of Tissaphernes, Tissaphernes himself and his cavalry, and engaged the Athenians and their allies.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]]
both squadrons had been entrusted to Therimenes, a Lacedaemonian, to take to Astyochus, the admiral.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Teichiussa]] · Meanwhile
Alcibiades came on horseback to Teichiussa in the Milesian territory, the point of the gulf at which they had put in for the night, and told them of the battle in which he had fought in person by the side of the Milesians and Tissaphernes, and advised them, if they did not wish to sacrifice Ionia and their cause, to fly to the relief of Miletus and hinder its investment.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Miletus]] · the next morning
Accordingly they resolved to relieve it the next morning.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Iasus]]
Accordingly they suddenly attacked and took Iasus, whose inhabitants never imagined that the ships could be other than Athenian. The Syracusans distinguished themselves most in the action. Amorges, a bastard of Pissuthnes and a rebel from the King, was taken alive
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Iasus]]
Amorges, a bastard of Pissuthnes and a rebel from the King, was taken alive and handed over to Tissaphernes, to carry to the King, if he chose, according to his orders
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Iasus]]
and handed over the town to Tissaphernes with all the captives, bond or free, at the stipulated price of one Doric stater a head
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Miletus]] · The winter following
In future, however, he was resolved not to give more than three obols, until he had consulted the King; when if the King should so order he would give, he said, the full drachma. However, upon the protest of the Syracusan general Hermocrates (for as Therimenes was not admiral, but only accompanied them in order to hand over the ships to Astyochus, he made little difficulty about the pay), it was agreed that the amount of five ships’ pay should be given over and above the three obols a day for each man
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Cnidus]] · The same winter
and arrived at Cnidus, which had already revolted at the instigation of Tissaphernes.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Miletus]] · About the same time
Nevertheless the Peloponnesians thought the first convention with Tissaphernes, made with Chalcideus, defective, and more advantageous to him than to them, and consequently while Therimenes was still there concluded another
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 6 · After this convention
After this convention Therimenes handed over the fleet to Astyochus, sailed off in a small boat, and was lost.
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Chios]]
followed by the forcible imposition of an oligarchy upon the rest of the city
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Miletus]]
They sent, however, to Miletus to beg Astyochus to assist them, which he refused to do
Book 8 · Chapter 24 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Cos]]
From Cos arriving in the night at Cnidus he was constrained by the representations of the Cnidians not to disembark the sailors, but to sail as he was straight against the twenty Athenian vessels
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 1 · After the death of Chalcideus and the battle at Miletus
Astyochus received from Lacedaemon an order from them to put him to death, he being the personal enemy of Agis, and in other respects thought unworthy of confidence.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 1
Alcibiades in his alarm first withdrew to Tissaphernes, and immediately began to do all he could with him to injure the Peloponnesian cause.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 1 · Henceforth
Henceforth becoming his adviser in everything, he cut down the pay from an Attic drachma to three obols a day, and even this not paid too regularly;
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2
Some persons crossed over from Samos and had an interview with Alcibiades, who immediately offered to make first Tissaphernes, and afterwards the King, their friend, if they would give up the democracy and make it possible for the King to trust them.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Upon their return to Samos the emissaries formed their partisans into a club
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2
the members of the club assembled, agreeably to their original determination, accepted what was proposed, and prepared to send Pisander and others on an embassy to Athens to treat for the restoration of Alcibiades and the abolition of the democracy in the city
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Miletus]]
He sent a secret letter to the Lacedaemonian admiral Astyochus, who was still in the neighbourhood of Miletus, to tell him that Alcibiades was ruining their cause by making Tissaphernes the friend of the Athenians
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Magnesia]]
Astyochus Alcibiades Tissaphernes
went up to him and Tissaphernes at Magnesia, communicated to them the letter from Samos, and turned informer
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Samos]] · Upon this
Upon this Alcibiades instantly sent to the authorities at Samos a letter against Phrynichus, stating what he had done, and requiring that he should be put to death.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2
he was now prepared to give them an opportunity of destroying the whole Athenian armament at Samos
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2 · This also
This also Astyochus revealed to Alcibiades.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Samos]] · Meanwhile
the enemy, seeing that Samos was unfortified and the fleet not all stationed within the harbour, meant to attack the camp, that he could be certain of this intelligence, and that they must fortify Samos as quickly as possible
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Samos]] · Accordingly
Accordingly they addressed themselves to the work of fortification, and Samos was thus fortified sooner than it would otherwise have been.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Cnidus]] · by this time
especially after his quarrel with the Peloponnesians at Cnidus about the treaty of Therimenes.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2
the original argument of Alcibiades touching the liberation of all the towns by the Lacedaemonians had been verified by the declaration of Lichas that it was impossible to submit to a convention which made the King master of all the states at any former time ruled by himself or by his fathers.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]]
This we cannot have unless we have a more moderate form of government, and put the offices into fewer hands, and so gain the King’s confidence, and forthwith restore Alcibiades, who is the only man living that can bring this about.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 3
Pisander Tissaphernes Alcibiades
They accordingly voted that Pisander should sail with ten others and make the best arrangement that they could with Tissaphernes and Alcibiades.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 3 · At the same time
Pisander Phrynichus Scironides Diomedon Leon
At the same time the people, upon a false accusation of Pisander, dismissed Phrynichus from his post together with his colleague Scironides, sending Diomedon and Leon to replace them in the command of the fleet.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 3 · 📍 [[the city]]
Pisander also went the round of all the clubs already existing in the city for help in lawsuits and elections, and urged them to draw together and to unite their efforts for the overthrow of the democracy;
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 3 · In the meantime
the Athenians sallied out to the rescue, and first routing the Chians, next defeated the remainder of the force round Pedaritus, who was himself killed, with many of the Chians, a great number of arms being also taken.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 3 · Meanwhile
Pisander Tissaphernes Alcibiades
Upon this the Athenians would yield no further, and concluding that there was nothing to be done, but that they had been deceived by Alcibiades, went away in a passion and proceeded to Samos.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 3 · 📍 [[the plain of the Maeander]] · In the thirteenth year of the reign of Darius
Tissaphernes Hieramenes Pharnaces
a convention was concluded in the plain of the Maeander by the Lacedaemonians and their allies with Tissaphernes, Hieramenes, and the sons of Pharnaces, concerning the affairs of the King and of the Lacedaemonians and their allies.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 3 · After this
After this Tissaphernes prepared to bring up the Phoenician fleet according to agreement, and to make good his other promises, or at all events wished to make it appear that he was so preparing.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Chios]] · Early in the spring of the summer following
Pedaritus Antisthenes Leon the Spartan
they had received from Miletus, as their commander after the death of Pedaritus, a Spartan named Leon, who had come out with Antisthenes, and twelve vessels which had been on guard at Miletus
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Chios]] · Accordingly
and after a tough fight, in which the Chians and their allies had rather the best of it, as it was now late, retired to their city.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Abydos]]
Abydos in the Hellespont revolted to him and Pharnabazus
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Samos]]
the Athenians at Samos, after a consultation among themselves, determined to let Alcibiades alone, since he refused to join them, and besides was not the man for an oligarchy
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 4
Pisander and his colleagues on their voyage alongshore abolished, as had been determined, the democracies in the cities
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Some of the younger men had banded together, and secretly assassinated one Androcles, the chief leader of the commons
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Colonus]] · when the day arrived
when the day arrived, the conspirators enclosed the assembly in Colonus, a temple of Poseidon, a little more than a mile outside the city; when the commissioners simply brought forward this single motion, that any Athenian might propose with impunity whatever measure he pleased
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]] · about this time, or even before
For it was about this time, or even before, that the democracy was put down at Athens.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]] · On that day
Pisander Antiphon Phrynichus Theramenes
The assembly ratified the proposed constitution, without a single opposing voice, and was then dissolved; after which the Four Hundred were brought into the council chamber in the following way.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]] · On that day
Pisander Antiphon Phrynichus Theramenes
Upon the Council withdrawing in this way without venturing any objection, and the rest of the citizens making no movement, the Four Hundred entered the council chamber
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Pisander Antiphon Phrynichus Theramenes
putting to death some men, though not many, whom they thought it convenient to remove, and imprisoning and banishing others.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Decelea]] · Afterwards
Pisander Antiphon Phrynichus Theramenes
After this the Four Hundred persevering sent another embassy to Agis, and now meeting with a better reception, at his suggestion dispatched envoys to Lacedaemon to negotiate a treaty, being desirous of making peace.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Samos]] · just at the time that the Four Hundred were conspiring
Meanwhile they put to death one Hyperbolus, an Athenian, a pestilent fellow that had been ostracized, not from fear of his influence or position, but because he was a rascal and a disgrace to the city; being aided in this by Charminus, one of the generals, and by some of the Athenians with them
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Leon Diomedon Thrasybulus Thrasyllus
Upon hearing this, the persons whom they addressed now went round the soldiers one by one, and urged them to resist
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Samos]] · when the Three Hundred attacked the people
Leon Diomedon Thrasybulus Thrasyllus
Accordingly, when the Three Hundred attacked the people, all these came to the rescue, and foremost of all the crew of the Paralus; and the Samian commons gained the victory, and putting to death some thirty of the Three Hundred, and banishing three others of the ringleaders, accorded an amnesty to the rest, and lived together under a democratic government for the future.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Chaereas, however, managed to secrete himself as soon as he saw how things stood, and returning to Samos, drew a picture to the soldiers of the horrors enacting at Athens, in which everything was exaggerated;
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Thrasybulus, son of Lycus, and Thrasyllus, the chief leaders in the revolution, now wishing in the most public manner to change the government at Samos to a democracy, bound all the soldiers by the most tremendous oaths, and those of the oligarchical party more than any, to accept a democratic government, to be united, to prosecute actively the war with the Peloponnesians, and to be enemies of the Four Hundred, and to hold no communication with them.
Book 8 · Chapter 25 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Meanwhile the soldiers forthwith held an assembly, in which they deposed the former generals and any of the captains whom they suspected, and chose new captains and generals to replace them, besides Thrasybulus and Thrasyllus, whom they had already.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Samos]]
upon their voting for his recall and amnesty, sailed over to Tissaphernes and brought Alcibiades to Samos
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Samos]]
The Athenians at once elected him general together with the former ones, and put all their affairs into his hands.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 1 · Meanwhile
He, however, saw them in time and fled for refuge to an altar; and they were thus parted without his being struck.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 1
Astyochus Gaulites Tissaphernes
Tissaphernes sent with him one of his confidants, Gaulites, a Carian, who spoke the two languages, to complain of the Milesians for the affair of the fort, and at the same time to defend himself against the Milesians
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 1 · 📍 [[Syracuse]] · eventually
and eventually when he was banished from Syracuse
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Samos]] · for the first time
At that moment, when no other man would have been able to hold back the multitude, he put a stop to the intended expedition
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Samos]]
he dismissed them with an answer from himself, to the effect that he did not object to the government of the Five Thousand, but insisted that the Four Hundred should be deposed and the Council of Five Hundred reinstated in power
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Aspendus]] · the same summer
Tissaphernes wishing, it would seem, to clear himself to them of these charges, prepared to go after the Phoenician fleet to Aspendus, and invited Lichas to go with him; saying that he would appoint Tamos as his lieutenant to provide pay for the armament during his own absence.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]] · at once
Theramenes Hagnon Aristocrates Scellias
These now banded together and strongly criticized the administration, their leaders being some of the principal generals and men in office under the oligarchy, such as Theramenes, son of Hagnon, Aristocrates, son of Scellias, and others;
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 2 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Theramenes Hagnon Aristocrates Scellias
yet urged that the Five Thousand must be shown to exist not merely in name but in reality, and the constitution placed upon a fairer basis.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 3 · in haste
Alarmed at the state of things at Athens as at Samos, they now sent off in haste Antiphon and Phrynichus and ten others with injunctions to make peace with Lacedaemon upon any terms, no matter what, that should be at all tolerable.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 3 · after his return from the embassy to Lacedaemon
until Phrynichus, after his return from the embassy to Lacedaemon, was laid wait for and stabbed in full market by one of the Peripoli, falling down dead before he had gone far from the council chamber.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Piraeus]]
Theramenes Aristocrates Alexicles
The heavy infantry in Piraeus building the wall in Eetionia, among whom was Aristocrates, a colonel, with his own tribe, laid hands upon Alexicles, a general under the oligarchy and the devoted adherent of the cabal, and took him into a house and confined him there.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Piraeus]] · Meanwhile
The next day the Four Hundred, although alarmed, nevertheless assembled in the council chamber, while the heavy infantry in Piraeus, after having released their prisoner Alexicles and pulled down the fortification, went with their arms to the theatre of Dionysus, close to Munychia, and there held an assembly
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 3 · 📍 [[Piraeus]]
To this he answered that if they thought it best to pull it down, he for his part agreed with them. Upon this the heavy infantry and a number of the people in Piraeus immediately got up on the fortification and began to demolish it.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 3 · 📍 [[the theatre of Dionysus]] · The next day
The next day the Four Hundred, although alarmed, nevertheless assembled in the council chamber, while the heavy infantry in Piraeus, after having released their prisoner Alexicles and pulled down the fortification, went with their arms to the theatre of Dionysus, close to Munychia, and there held an assembly in which they decided to march into the city
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 3 · 📍 [[the theatre of Dionysus]] · on an appointed day
After a great many had spoken and had been spoken to, the whole body of heavy infantry became calmer than before, absorbed by their fears for the country at large, and now agreed to hold upon an appointed day an assembly in the theatre of Dionysus for the restoration of concord.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Eretria]]
The Athenians, forced to put out so poorly prepared, engaged off the harbour of Eretria, and after holding their own for some little while notwithstanding, were at length put to flight and chased to the shore.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Euboea]] · not long afterwards
The Peloponnesians, after taking twenty-two Athenian ships, and killing or making prisoners of the crews, set up a trophy, and not long afterwards effected the revolt of the whole of Euboea (except Oreus, which was held by the Athenians themselves), and made a general settlement of the affairs of the island.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Athens]] · upon receipt of the news
They also voted for the recall of Alcibiades and of other exiles, and sent to him and to the camp at Samos, and urged them to devote themselves vigorously to the war.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Decelea]] · Upon this revolution taking place
Upon this revolution taking place, the party of Pisander and Alexicles and the chiefs of the oligarchs immediately withdrew to Decelea, with the single exception of Aristarchus, one of the generals, who hastily took some of the most barbarian of the archers and marched to Oenoe.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Oenoe]]
The garrison believed him as he was general, and besides knew nothing of what had occurred owing to the siege, and so evacuated the fort under truce. In this way the Boeotians gained possession of Oenoe, and the oligarchy and the troubles at Athens ended.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Miletus]] · Meanwhile
Philip the Lacedaemonian Hippocrates the Spartan Mindarus Tissaphernes
Philip, who had been sent with him, and another Spartan, Hippocrates, who was at Phaselis, wrote word to Mindarus, the admiral, that the ships were not coming at all, and that they were being grossly abused by Tissaphernes.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 4 · 📍 [[Miletus]] · at about the period of the summer which we have now reached
until at length, at about the period of the summer which we have now reached, Mindarus yielded to his importunities, and, with great order and at a moment’s notice, in order to elude the enemy at Samos, weighed anchor with seventy-three ships from Miletus and set sail for the Hellespont.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Eresus]]
they then crossed the mountain and effected the revolt of Eresus.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Elaeus]]
One of these was stranded opposite to the temple of Protesilaus and taken with its crew, two others without their crews; the fourth was abandoned on the shore of Imbros and burned by the enemy.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Hellespont]]
Thrasyllus Thrasybulus Mindarus
The rout was now complete. Most of the Peloponnesians fled for refuge first to the river Midius, and afterwards to Abydos.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Point Cynossema]]
Thrasyllus Thrasybulus Mindarus
Meanwhile they took from the enemy eight Chian vessels, five Corinthian, two Ambraciot, two Boeotian, one Leucadian, Lacedaemonian, Syracusan, and Pellenian, losing fifteen of their own.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Point Cynossema]]
After setting up a trophy upon Point Cynossema, securing the wrecks, and restoring to the enemy his dead under truce, they sent off a galley to Athens with the news of their victory.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Athens]]
The arrival of this vessel with its unhoped-for good news, after the recent disasters of Euboea, and in the revolution at Athens, gave fresh courage to the Athenians, and caused them to believe that if they put their shoulders to the wheel their cause might yet prevail.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Cyzicus]] · On the fourth day after the sea-fight
and then went on and recovered the town of Cyzicus, which was unfortified, and levied money from the citizens.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Elaeus]] · In the meantime
In the meantime the Peloponnesians sailed from Abydos to Elaeus, and recovered such of their captured galleys as were still uninjured, the rest having been burned by the Elaeusians
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 5 · 📍 [[Euboea]] · In the meantime
Hippocrates the Spartan Epicles
and sent Hippocrates and Epicles to Euboea to fetch the squadron from that island.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Samos]] · About the same time
About the same time Alcibiades returned with his thirteen ships from Caunus and Phaselis to Samos, bringing word that he had prevented the Phoenician fleet from joining the Peloponnesians, and had made Tissaphernes more friendly to the Athenians than before.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Cos]]
Alcibiades now manned nine more ships, and levied large sums of money from the Halicarnassians, and fortified Cos. After doing this and placing a governor in Cos, he sailed back to Samos, autumn being now at hand.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 6
and after drawing them out from their town as his friends and allies, had laid wait for them at dinner, and surrounded them and caused them to be shot down by his soldiers.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 6 · While the Peloponnesians were in the Hellespont
they expelled his garrison from their citadel.
Book 8 · Chapter 26 · Part 6 · 📍 [[Hellespont]]
determined to rejoin them in the Hellespont, in order to complain of the events at Antandros and excuse himself as best he could in the matter of the Phoenician fleet and of the other charges against him.