The History of the Kings of Britain — Chronicle
Ordered by chapter. No event in this book could be dated from the text, so it is not dated — no anchor, no chronology; a date is never inferred. Time expressions are copied from the text as written. Every event links back to one sentence of the original.
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405 events · no event could be dated from the text
Undated
Book I 1–3 · At his request
At his request, therefore, though I had not made fine language my study, by collecting florid expressions from other authors, yet contented with my own homely style, I undertook the translation of that book into Latin.
Book I 1–3 · At the proper time
Nor were they mistaken in their prediction; for at the proper time the woman brought forth a son, and died of his birth; but the child was delivered to a nurse and called Brutus.
Book I 1–3 · 📍 [[Italy]] · Upon his death
Upon his death, he was expelled from Italy, his kinsmen being enraged at him for so heinous a deed.
Book I 1–3 · 📍 [[Greece]]
Brutus, having taken a view of the number of his men, and seen how Assaracus's castles lay open to him, complied with their request.
Book I 4–7
Being, therefore, chosen their commander, he assembled the Trojans from all parts, and fortified the towns belonging to Assaracus.
Book I 8–10 · 📍 [[the Grecian camp]] · The night being spent in this manner
and scarcely one got away without some unhappy accident befalling him.
Book I 8–10 · 📍 [[the town]] · the next morning
Brutus, in transports of joy, gave full liberty to his men to do what they pleased with the plunder
Book I 8–10 · 📍 [[the castle]]
which done, he again fortified the castle, gave orders for burying the slain
Book I 11 · 📍 [[Leogecia]] · after a course of thirty days
where they underwent great danger from pirates, whom, notwithstanding, they vanquished, and enriched themselves with their spoils.
Book I 12–14 · 📍 [[Tyrrhenian Sea]]
When they understood from whom he was descended, they joined company with him and those under his government, who from the name of their leader were afterwards called the Cornish people, and indeed were more serviceable to Brutus than the rest in all his engagements.
Book I 12–14 · 📍 [[Aquitaine]]
Brutus Corineus Goffarius Pictus
But now the Trojans presently gain the victory, and put Goffarius with his Pictavians to flight.
Book I 12–14 · 📍 Gaul
The king after a narrow escape went to several parts of Gaul, to procure succours among such princes as were related or known to him.
Book I 12–14 · 📍 Gaul
These receive him courteously, and promise with one consent to expel the foreigners from Aquitaine.
Book I 12–14 · 📍 [[Aquitaine]]
With this view he sets the cities on fire, seizes the riches that were in them, destroys the fields, and makes dreadful slaughter among the citizens and common people, being unwilling to leave so much as one alive of that wretched nation.
Book I 12–14 · 📍 [[Tours]]
As soon as he had looked out a place convenient for the purpose, he pitched his camp there, for a place of safe retreat, when occasion should require.
Book I 15–17 · As soon as it was day
Brutus Corineus Goffarius Pictus
The Gauls were astonished at the very shout of Corineus's men, and thinking their number to be much greater than it really was, they hastily quitted the field; but the Trojans pursued them, and killed them in the pursuit, nor did they desist till they had gained a complete victory.
Book I 15–17 · 📍 [[Tours]] · at last
He alone with his sword killed six hundred men, but at last was unfortunately slain himself by the number of Gauls that rushed upon him. From him the city of Tours derived its name, because he was buried there.
Book I 15–17 · 📍 [[Totness]] · without further delay
So without further delay, with the consent of his company, he repaired to the fleet, and loading it with the riches and spoils he had taken, set sail with a fair wind towards the promised island, and arrived on the coast of Totness.
Book I 15–17 · 📍 [[Albion]]
They therefore passed through all the provinces, forced the giants to fly into the caves of the mountains, and divided the country among them according to the directions of their commander.
Book I 15–17 · 📍 [[Britain]] · At last
At last Brutus called the island after his own name Britain, and his companions Britons; for by these means he desired to perpetuate the memory of his name.
Book I 15–17 · 📍 [[Lam Goemagot]] · At which
At which Corineus, highly enraged, roused up his whole strength, and snatching him upon his shoulders, ran with him, as fast as the weight would allow him, to the next shore, and there getting upon the top of a high rock, hurled down the savage monster into the sea; where falling on the sides of craggy rocks, he was torn to pieces, and coloured the waves with his blood.
Book I 15–17 · 📍 [[river Thames]] · at last
Here, therefore, he built a city, which he called New Troy; under which name it continued a long time after, till at last, by the corruption of the original word, it come to be called Trinovantum.
Book I 15–17 · 📍 [[Kaer-Lud]] · afterwards
But afterwards when Lud, the brother of Cassibellaun, who made war against Julius Caesar, obtained the government of the kingdom, he surrounded it with stately walls, and towers of admirable workmanship, and ordered it to be called after his name, Kaer-Lud, that is, the City of Lud.
Book I 18 · After Brutus had finished the building of the city
After Brutus had finished the building of the city, he made choice of the citizens that were to inhabit it, and prescribed them laws for their peaceable government.
Book II 1–7 · the twenty-fourth year after his arrival
These, after their father's death, which happened in the twenty-fourth year after his arrival, buried him in the city which he had built, and then having divided the kingdom of Britain among them, retired each to his government.
Book II 1–7 · In the meantime
Estrildis Sabre Guendoloena Maddan
In the meantime Estrildis became with child, and was delivered of a most beautiful daughter, whom she named Sabre. Guendoloena was also with child, and brought forth a son, who was named Maddan
Book II 1–7 · when Corineus was dead
But in process of time, when Corineus was dead, Locrin divorced Guendoloena, and advanced Estrildis to be queen.
Book II 1–7 · 📍 [[river Sture]]
Locrin Guendoloena Estrildis Sabre
At last both armies joined battle near the river Sture, where Locrin was killed by the shot of an arrow. After his death, Guendoloena took upon her the government of the whole kingdom, retaining her father's furious spirit. For she commanded Estrildis and her daughter Sabre to be thrown into the river now called the Severn
Book II 1–7 · As soon as he was dead
Mempricius, impatient to attain his ends, enters into treaty with Malim, under colour of making a composition with him, and, having formed a conspiracy, murdered him in the assembly where their ambassadors were met.
Book II 1–7
Mempricius being dead, Ebraucus, his son, a man of great stature and wonderful strength, took upon him the government of Britain
Book II 8–11 · 📍 [[Italy]]
All these daughters their father sent into Italy to Sylvius Alba, who reigned after Sylvius Latinus, where they were married among the Trojan nobility
Book II 8–11 · 📍 [[Germany]]
But the sons, under the conduct of their brother Assaracus, departed in a fleet to Germany, and having, with the assistance of Sylvius Alba, subdued the people there, obtained that kingdom.
Book II 8–11 · 📍 [[Kaerleil]] · at the same time that Solomon began to build the temple of Jerusalem
After him reigned Leil, his son, a peaceful and just prince, who, enjoying a prosperous reign, built in the north of Britain a city, called by his name, Kaerleil;
Book II 8–11 · After him reigned his son, Hudibras, thirty-nine years
After him reigned his son, Hudibras, thirty-nine years, and composed the civil dissension among his people.
Book II 8–11 · 📍 [[Trinovantum]]
and fell down upon the temple of Apollo, in the city of Trinovantum, where he was dashed to pieces.
Book II 12–14 · 📍 [[Britain]] · A long time after this
Leir Maglaunus Gonorilla Henuinus Regau
the two dukes, on whom he had bestowed Britain with his two daughters, fostered an insurrection against him, and deprived him of his kingdom, and of all regal authority, which he had hitherto exercised with great power and glory.
Book II 12–14 · 📍 Gaul · As soon as he was provided with his royal apparel, ornaments, and retinue
Upon which they, attended with their chief ministers of state and the nobility of the kingdom, went out to meet him, and received him honourably, and gave into his management the whole power of Gaul, till such time as he should be restored to his former dignity.
Book II 15–17
These, after the death of their fathers, succeeding them in their dukedoms, were incensed to see Britain subject to a woman, and raised forces in order to raise a rebellion against the queen; nor would they desist from hostilities, till, after a general waste of her countries, and several battles fought, they at last took her and put her in prison
Book II 15–17 · After this
After this they divided the island between them; of which the part that reaches from the north side of the Humber to Caithness, fell to Margan; the other part from the same river westward was Cunedagius's share. At the end of two years, some restless spirits that took pleasure in the troubles of the nation, had access to Margan, and inspired him with vain conceits, by representing to him how mean and disgraceful it was for him not to govern the whole island, which was his due by right of birth. Stirred up with these and the like suggestions, he marched with an army through Cunedagius's country, and began to burn all before him. The war thus breaking out, he was met by Cunedagius with all his forces, who attacked Margan, killing no small number of his men, and, putting him to flight, pursued him from one province to another, till at last he killed him in a town of Kambria, which since his death has been by the country people called Margan to this day. After the victory, Cunedagius gained the monarchy of the whole island, which he governed gloriously for three and thirty years.
Book II 15–17 · After this
After this they divided the island between them; of which the part that reaches from the north side of the Humber to Caithness, fell to Margan; the other part from the same river westward was Cunedagius's share.
Book II 15–17 · 📍 [[Kambria]] · At the end of two years
till at last he killed him in a town of Kambria, which since his death has been by the country people called Margan to this day. After the victory, Cunedagius gained the monarchy of the whole island
Book II 15–17 · 📍 Gaul · When their father grew old
Porrex, who was the most ambitious of the two, forms a design of killing his brother by treachery, which the other discovering, escaped, and passed over into Gaul. There he procured aid from Suard king of the Franks, with which he returned and made war upon his brother; coming to an engagement, Ferrex was killed and all his forces cut to pieces.
Book II 15–17 · When his father was dead
When his father was dead, he was no sooner possessed of the government of that country, than he made war against Ymner king of Loegria, and killed him in battle.
Book II 15–17
Dunwallo Molmutius Rudaucus Staterius
In this assault the two kings were killed and many others with them. But Dunwallo Molmutius, fearing lest in this disguise his own men might fall upon him, returned with his companions to put off the enemy's armour, and take his own again; and then encouraged them to renew the assault, which they did with great vigour, and in a short time got the victory, by dispersing and putting to flight the enemy. From hence he marched into the enemy's countries, destroyed their towns and cities, and reduced the people under his obedience.
Book II 15–17
This prince established what the Britons call the Molmutine laws, which are famous among the English to this day. In these, among other things, of which St. Gildas wrote a long time after, he enacted, that the temples of the gods, as also cities, should have the privilege of giving sanctuary and protection to any fugitive or criminal, that should flee to them from his enemy.
Book III 1–5 · 📍 [[Norway]]
The young man, inflamed with these and the like specious suggestions, hearkened to them, and went to Norway, where he married the king's daughter, as his flatterers had advised him.
Book III 1–5 · 📍 [[Northumberland]] · In the meantime
Whereupon he marched into Northumberland, and possessed himself of that country and the cities in it, which he garrisoned with his own men.
Book III 1–5 · 📍 [[Dacia]]
Accordingly he did grant it, and Guichthlac was released from prison, and returned with his mistress into Dacia.
Book III 1–5 · 📍 [[Britain]] · Belinus now
Belinus now finding no body in the kingdom of Britain able to make head against him, and being possessed of the sovereignty of the whole island from sea to sea, confirmed the laws his father had made, and gave command for a settled execution of justice through his kingdom.
Book III 1–5
The king, therefore, willing to clear the law of all ambiguities, summoned all the workmen of the island together, and commanded them to pave a causeway of stone and mortar
Book III 6–8 · 📍 [[Allobroges]]
the princes of the country paid their homage to him, as the successor to the throne
Book III 6–8 · Scarcely was the year at an end
Scarcely was the year at an end before the duke died
Book III 9–13 · 📍 [[Britain]] · After this complete victory
But Belinus returned to Britain, which he governed during the remainder of his life in peace;
Book III 9–13 · 📍 [[Trinovantum]] · At last, when he had finished his days
At last, when he had finished his days, his body was burned, and the ashes put up in a golden urn, which they placed at Trinovantum
Book III 9–13 · He was succeeded
He was succeeded by Gurgiunt Brabtruc, his son, a sober prudent prince,
Book III 9–13 · 📍 [[Dacia]]
He seriously resented, and passed over in a fleet to Dacia, where he harassed the people with a most cruel war, slew their king, and reduced the country to its former dependence.
Book III 9–13 · 📍 [[Ireland]] · At that time
When Gurgiunt Brabtruc understood that they came from Spain, and were called Barclenses, he granted their petition, and sent men with them to Ireland, which was then wholly uninhabited, and assigned it to them.
Book III 14–18
the monster rushed upon him, and with open jaws swallowed him up like a small fish.
Book III 14–18 · 📍 [[Trinovantum]]
Amidst these and many other acts of his innate goodness, he paid the debt of nature, and was buried at Trinovantum.
Book III 14–18 · 📍 [[Kaerleir]] · after this
At last sickness seizing him, he died and was buried in the city Kaerleir.
Book III 14–18 · After seven years
After seven years Vigenius died, and so the whole kingdom came to Peredure, who from that time governed the people with generosity and mildness, so that he even excelled his other brothers who had preceded him, nor was any mention now made of Elidure. But irresistible fate at last removed him suddenly, and so made way for Elidure's release from prison, and advancement to the throne the third time
Book III 19–20 · in the sixth year of his reign
and in the sixth year of his reign was deposed, for having preferred a tyrannical to a just and legal administration.
Book III 19–20 · 📍 [[Trinovantum]]
for rebuilding the walls of Trinovantum, which he also surrounded with innumerable towers.
Book III 19–20 · At last
At last, when he was dead, his body was buried by the gate which to this time is called in the British tongue after his name, Parthlud
Book III 19–20 · after Lud's death
Cassibellaun Androgeus Tenuantius
and therefore their uncle Cassibellaun was preferred to the kingdom in their room.
Book III 19–20 · 📍 [[Trinovantum]] · As soon as he was crowned
For he bestowed the city of Trinovantum, with the dukedom of Kent, on Androgeus;
Book III 19–20 · 📍 [[Cornwall]] · As soon as he was crowned
and the dukedom of Cornwall on Tenuantius.
Book IV 1–4 · About this time
we must send them word that they pay tribute as other nations do, and submit themselves to the senate
Book IV 1–4
Know then, Caesar, that we are ready to fight for that and our kingdom, if, as you threaten, you shall attempt to invade Britain.
Book IV 1–4 · 📍 [[mouth of the river Thames]]
Cassibellaun Androgeus Tenuantius Julius Caesar
the Britons poured in so fast, and made such vigorous efforts, that by the blessing of God they obtained the victory
Book IV 1–4 · 📍 [[mouth of the river Thames]]
Nennius, thus becoming master of Caesar's sword, threw away his own
Book IV 1–4 · 📍 Gaul · The very same night
he went on board his fleet, rejoicing that he had the sea for his camp. And upon his companions dissuading him from continuing the war any longer, he acquiesced in their advice, and returned back to Gaul.
Book IV 1–4 · 📍 [[Trinovantum]] · fifteen days after the battle
so that fifteen days after the battle he died, and was buried at Trinovantum, by the North Gate.
Book IV 1–4 · in joy for this triumph
calling the companions of his victory together, amply rewarded every one of them, according as they had distinguished themselves.
Book IV 5–7 · After two years were expired
After two years were expired, he prepared to cross the sea again, and revenge himself on Cassibellaun
Book IV 5–7 · After two years were expired
Cassibellaun, who having intelligence of his design, everywhere fortified his cities, repaired the ruined walls, and placed armed men at all the ports.
Book IV 5–7 · 📍 [[river Thames]]
For in sailing up the Thames to Trinovantum, the ships struck against the stakes, which so endangered them all on a sudden, that many thousands of the men were drowned, while the ships being pierced sank into the river.
Book IV 5–7 · 📍 [[river Thames]]
whereas the Britons being hourly increased with new recruits, were three times their number, and by that advantage defeated them.
Book IV 5–7 · 📍 [[Morini]]
Caesar, seeing he could no longer maintain his ground, fled with a small body of men to his ships, and made the sea his safe retreat; and as the wind stood fair, he hoisted his sails, and steered to the shore of the Morini.
Book IV 8 · 📍 [[Trinovantum]]
the king ordered Evelinus to be brought before him
Book IV 8
threatened Androgeus to destroy his country with fire and sword, if he would not comply with his demands.
Book IV 8
Cassibellaun, in a great rage, hastened to make good his threats, and ravage the country.
Book IV 8
he resolved to request assistance from Caesar, and wrote a letter to him to this effect
Book IV 9–12 · Without delay
Androgeus Scaeva Julius Caesar
Without delay, therefore, Androgeus sent his son Scaeva with thirty young noblemen nearly related to him.
Book IV 9–12 · 📍 [[Dorobernia]]
Androgeus Cassibellaun Julius Caesar
While they were thus engaged, Androgeus sallied forth from the wood, and fell upon the rear of Cassibellaun's army, upon which the hopes of the battle entirely depended.
Book IV 9–12
Julius Caesar Cassibellaun Androgeus
Caesar, alarmed at these menaces of Androgeus, was forced to comply, and entered into peace with Cassibellaun, on condition that he should pay a yearly tribute of three thousand pounds of silver.
Book IV 9–12 · 📍 [[York]] · After seven years had expired
After seven years had expired, Cassibellaun died and was buried at York.
Book IV 9–12 · After seven years had expired
He was succeeded by Tenuantius, duke of Cornwall, and brother of Androgeus: for Androgeus was gone to Rome with Caesar.
Book IV 9–12 · After him
Kymbelinus Tenuantius Augustus Caesar
After him Kymbelinus his son was advanced to the throne, being a great soldier, and brought up by Augustus Caesar.
Book IV 9–12 · when he had governed Britain ten years
Kymbelinus Guiderius Arviragus
Kymbelinus, when he had governed Britain ten years, begat two sons, the elder named Guiderius, the other Arviragus.
Book IV 9–12 · 📍 [[Portcester]] · For which reason
This man, therefore, arriving at the city of Portcester, began to block up the gates with a wall, and denied the citizens all liberty of passing out.
Book IV 13–16 · 📍 [[Gloucester]]
When he had finished his course of life, he was buried at Gloucester
Book IV 17–20
His son Marius, a man of admirable prudence and wisdom, succeeded him in the kingdom.
Book IV 17–20 · 📍 [[Caithness]]
He gave the conquered people that came with Rodric liberty to inhabit that part of Albania which is called Caithness
Book IV 17–20
As soon as he had ended his days, his son Coillus took upon him the government of the kingdom.
Book IV 17–20
Coillus had but one son, named Lucius, who, obtaining the crown after his father's decease, imitated all his acts of goodness
Book IV 17–20
he sent letters to pope Eleutherius, desiring to be instructed by him in the Christian religion.
Book IV 17–20 · 📍 [[Britain]]
Eleutherius Faganus Duvanus Lucius
that holy pope, upon receipt of this devout petition, sent to him two most religious doctors, Faganus and Duvanus, who, after they had preached concerning the incarnation of the Word of God, administered baptism to him, and made him a proselyte to the Christian faith.
Book V 1–3 · 📍 [[Gloucester]] · in the hundred and fifty-sixth year after our Lord's incarnation
he departed this life in the city of Gloucester, and was honourably buried in the cathedral church, in the hundred and fifty-sixth year after our Lord's incarnation. He had no issue to succeed him
Book V 1–3 · 📍 [[Rome]]
The senate, deluded by his specious promises, granted him his request, and so, with his commission sealed, he returned to Britain.
Book V 1–3 · 📍 [[Albania]] · Then
Then he, to reward the Picts for this success, gave them a habitation in Albania
Book V 4–7
But the Britons, not enduring this, advanced Asclepiodotus, duke of Cornwall, to be their king
Book V 4–7
But Asclepiodotus had the advantage, and dispersed and put to flight Allectus's troops, and in the pursuit killed many thousands, as also king Allectus himself.
Book V 4–7 · In his days
Diocletian Maximianus Herculius
In his days began the persecution of the emperor Diocletian; and Christianity, which from the time of king Lucius had continued fixed and undisturbed, was almost abolished over the whole island.
Book V 4–7 · In the meantime
In the meantime Coel, duke of Kaercolvin or Colchester, made an insurrection against king Asclepiodotus, and in a pitched battle killed him, and took possession of his crown.
Book V 4–7 · After his decease
After his decease, Constantius himself was crowned, and married the daughter of Coel, whose name was Helena.
Book V 4–7
Constantius Helena Constantine, son of Helena
Constantius, therefore, having made her partner of his bed, had a son by her called Constantine.
Book V 4–7 · 📍 [[York]] · After eleven years were expired
Constantius Constantine, son of Helena
After eleven years were expired, he died at York, and bestowed the kingdom upon his son
Book V 8–9 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Constantine, moved with these and the like speeches, made an expedition to Rome, and reduced it under his power, and afterwards obtained the empire of the whole world.
Book V 8–9 · 📍 [[Rome]] · In this expedition
Constantine, son of Helena Leolin Trahern Marius
In this expedition he carried along with him three uncles of Helena, viz. Leolin, Trahern, and Marius, and advanced them to the degree of senators.
Book V 8–9 · 📍 [[Britain]] · In the meantime
In the meantime Octavius, duke of the Wisseans, rebelled against the Roman proconsuls, to whom the government of the island had been committed, and having killed them, took possession of the throne.
Book V 8–9 · 📍 [[Kaerperis]]
Trahern came to shore near the city, which in the British tongue is called Kaerperis, and having assailed it, took it in two days.
Book V 8–9 · one day
For as Trahern was one day upon a journey from London, he lay hid with a hundred men in the vale of a wood, through which he was to pass, and there fell upon him unawares, and killed him in the midst of his men.
Book V 8–9 · 📍 [[Britain]] · This news being brought to Octavius
This news being brought to Octavius, he returned back to Britain, where he dispersed the Romans, and recovered the throne.
Book V 8–9 · at that time
There happened to be at that time a great contest between Maximian and the two emperors, Gratian and Valentinian, on account of his being refused the third part of the empire, which he demanded.
Book V 10–12 · 📍 [[Hamo's Port]]
whereupon, though much against his will, he laid down his arms, and granted them peace.
Book V 10–12 · 📍 [[Albania]] · after this
Conan Meriadoc, finding how things went, was beyond expression incensed, and, retiring into Albania, used all his interest to raise an army, that he might give disturbance to Maximian.
Book V 10–12 · At last
At last, after great damages done on both sides, they were brought by the mediation of friends to a reconciliation.
Book V 10–12 · 📍 [[Armorica]]
they were forced to fly, and leave Imbaltus with fifteen thousand men killed, all of them Armoricans.
Book V 10–12 · 📍 [[Armorica]] · Upon this
For my design is to advance you to the throne of this kingdom; and this shall be another Britain
Book V 10–12 · 📍 [[Armorica]] · Upon this
Conan, with a submissive bow, gave him his thanks, and promised to continue loyal to him as long as he lived.
Book V 13–16 · 📍 [[Armorica]] · As soon as the people were arrived according to his orders
As soon as the people were arrived according to his orders, he distributed them through all the countries of Armorica, and made another Britain of it, and then bestowed it on Conan Meriadoc.
Book V 13–16
But he himself, with the rest of his fellow soldiers, marched into the further part of Gaul, which, after many bloody battles, he subdued, as he did also all Germany, being everywhere victorious.
Book V 13–16 · 📍 [[Rome]]
and fell so furiously upon the two emperors, Gratian and Valentinian, that he killed the one, and forced the other to flee from Rome.
Book V 13–16
For they happened to fall into the hands of the cruel army of Guanius and Melga, who, by the command of Gratian, were making terrible destruction in Germany, and the nations on the sea-coast. Guanius was king of the Huns, and Melga of the Picts, whom Gratian had engaged in his party, and had sent him into Germany to harass those of Maximian's party along the sea-coasts. While they were thus exercising their barbarous rage, they happened to light upon these virgins, who had been driven on those parts, and were so inflamed with their beauty, that they courted them to their brutish embraces; which, when the women would not submit to, the Ambrons fell upon them, and without remorse murdered the greatest part of them.
Book V 13–16 · 📍 [[Ireland]] · as soon as they arrived
Gratian Municeps Guanius Melga
who, as soon as they arrived, fought with the enemy, and after a most bloody victory over them, forced them to fly over into Ireland.
Book V 13–16 · 📍 [[Rome]] · In the meantime
In the meantime, Maximian was killed at Rome by Gratian's friends; and the Britons whom he had carried with him were also slain or dispersed.
Book VI 1–3 · 📍 [[Albania]] · no sooner had the Romans taken their farewell of them
the two leaders, Guanius and Melga, issued forth from their ships, in which they had fled over into Ireland, and with their bands of Scots, Picts, Norwegians, Dacians, and others, whom they had brought along with them, seized upon all Albania as far as the very wall.
Book VI 4–6 · after this
Constantine, brother of Aldroen Guethelin
After this the Britons, before dispersed, flocked together from all parts, and in a council held at Silchester, promoted Constantine to the throne
Book VI 4–6 · 📍 [[Silchester]] · after this
Constantine, brother of Aldroen
and in a council held at Silchester, promoted Constantine to the throne, and there performed the ceremony of his coronation.
Book VI 4–6
Constantine, brother of Aldroen
They also married him to a lady, descended from a noble Roman family, whom archbishop Guethelin had educated
Book VI 4–6 · afterwards
Constantine, brother of Aldroen Constans Aurelius Ambrosius Uther Pendragon
and by whom the king had afterwards three sons, Constans, Aurelius Ambrosius, and Uther Pendragon.
Book VI 4–6 · 📍 [[Winchester]]
Constans, who was the eldest, he delivered to the church of Amphibalus in Winchester, that he might there take upon him the monastic order.
Book VI 4–6 · after ten years were expired
Constantine, brother of Aldroen
At last, after ten years were expired, there came a certain Pict, who had entered in his service, and under pretence of holding some private discourse with him, in a nursery of young trees where nobody was present, stabbed him with a dagger.
Book VI 7–9
This being granted him, he placed his own creatures in those cities, to secure them for himself.
Book VI 7–9 · 📍 [[London]] · After this
After this, breaking into Constans' bed-chamber, they fell upon him and killed him
Book VI 7–9 · 📍 [[Lesser Britain]] · At last
Aurelius Ambrosius Uther Pendragon
those who had the care of the two brothers, Aurelius Ambrosius, and Uther Pendragon, fled over with them into Lesser Britain
Book VI 7–9 · 📍 [[Lesser Britain]] · There
Aurelius Ambrosius Uther Pendragon Budes
There they were kindly received by king Budes, who took care to give them an education suitable to their royal birth.
Book VI 7–9 · Now
Now Vortigern, seeing nobody to rival him in the kingdom, placed the crown on his own head
Book VI 7–9 · 📍 [[Albania]] · At last
At last his treason being discovered, the people of the adjacent islands, whom the Picts had brought into Albania, made insurrection against him.
Book VI 10–11 · 📍 [[Kaercorrei]] · Hengist immediately executed his orders
within that circuit began to build a castle, which, when finished, took its name from the thong wherewith it had been measured
Book VI 12–14 · 📍 [[Britain]] · At that time
But by the preaching of these holy men, the true faith and worship was again restored
Book VI 12–14 · 📍 [[Britain]] · Immediately upon the receipt of this message
Immediately upon the receipt of this message, came Octa, Ebissa, and Cherdich, with three hundred ships filled with soldiers, who were all kindly received by Vortigern, and had ample presents made them.
Book VII 1–2
Geoffrey of Monmouth Alexander
I translated these prophecies, and sent them to him with the following letter.
Book VIII 1–4 · the next day early
Aurelius Ambrosius Uther Pendragon
Accordingly the next day early, arrived Aurelius Ambrosius and his brother, with ten thousand men.
Book VIII 1–4
Having assembled together the clergy, they anointed Aurelius king, and paid him the customary homage.
Book VIII 1–4 · 📍 [[Genoreu]]
But at last, when all other attempts failed, they had recourse to fire, which meeting with proper fuel ceased not to rage, till it had burned down the tower and Vortigern in it.
Book VIII 1–4 · 📍 [[beyond the Humber]]
Therefore, the Saxons, for fear of him, retired beyond the Humber, and in those parts fortified the cities and towns;
Book VIII 1–4 · 📍 [[Maisbeli]]
But Hengist, upon his approach, took courage again, and chose out the bravest of his men, whom he exhorted to make a gallant defence
Book VIII 5–8
so that they gave the enemy no respite till they had vanquished them.
Book VIII 5–8
Eldol Hengist Aurelius Ambrosius
Accordingly Eldol took his sword, and drew him out of the city, and then cut off his head. But Aurelius, who showed moderation in all his conduct, commanded him to be buried
Book VIII 5–8 · 📍 [[York]]
he went out with his principal nobility that were present, carrying a chain in his hand, and sand upon his head, and presented himself to the king
Book VIII 5–8 · 📍 [[York]]
The king acquiesced in Eldad's advice, and suffered them to partake of his clemency.
Book VIII 5–8 · 📍 [[the country bordering upon Scotland]] · After this
The king therefore granted them the country bordering upon Scotland, and made a firm covenant with them.
Book VIII 5–8 · After this
After this Eosa and the rest that fled, being encouraged by Octa's success, came also, and were admitted to the same favour.
Book VIII 9–11 · 📍 [[York]]
The enemies being now entirely reduced, the king summoned the consuls and princes of the kingdom together at York, where he gave orders for the restoration of the churches, which the Saxons had destroyed.
Book VIII 9–11 · 📍 [[London]]
Here he settled the affairs of the whole kingdom, revived the laws, restored the right heirs to the possessions of their ancestors
Book VIII 9–11 · 📍 [[monastery near Kaercaradoc]]
At this place was a convent that maintained three hundred friars, situated on the mountain of Ambrius, who, as is reported, had been the founder of it. The sight of the place where the dead lay, made the king, who was of a compassionate temper, shed tears, and at last enter upon thoughts, what kind of monument to erect upon it.
Book VIII 9–11
Whereupon Aurelius, after he had asked a great many questions concerning him, despatched several messengers into the country to find him out, and bring him to him.
Book VIII 9–11 · 📍 [[Killaraus]]
send for the Giant's Dance, which is in Killaraus, a mountain in Ireland.
Book VIII 9–11 · 📍 [[Ireland]]
And to accomplish this business, they made choice of Uther Pendragon, who was to be attended with fifteen thousand men. They chose also Merlin himself, by whose direction the whole affair was to be managed.
Book VIII 9–11 · 📍 [[Ireland]]
A fleet being therefore got ready, they set sail, and with a fair wind arrived in Ireland.
Book VIII 12–14 · At that time
Uther, seeing them prepared for a battle, attacked them; nor was it long ere the Britons had the advantage, who, having dispersed and killed the Irish, forced Gillomanius to flee.
Book VIII 12–14 · 📍 [[Killaraus]]
When he had placed in order the engines that were necessary, he took down the stones with an incredible facility, and gave directions for carrying them to the ships, and placing them therein.
Book VIII 12–14 · 📍 [[mount of Ambrius]] · upon the day and place appointed
Aurelius placed the crown upon his head, and with royal pomp celebrated the feast of Pentecost
Book VIII 12–14 · 📍 [[York]] · At that time
he granted York to Sanxo, a man of great quality, and much celebrated for his piety
Book VIII 12–14 · 📍 [[City of Legions]] · At that time
and the City of Legions to Dubricius, whom divine providence had pointed out as a most useful pastor in that place.
Book VIII 12–14 · At the same time
the enemy was defeated and put to flight.
Book VIII 12–14 · 📍 [[Ireland]] · Pascentius, after this flight
At last, entering into confederacy together, they made ready their fleet
Book VIII 12–14 · 📍 [[Winchester]] · During these transactions at Winchester
Eopa Aurelius Ambrosius Ambron
Upon which he had his orders forthwith to prepare one of them, into which when he had secretly conveyed a poisonous mixture, he gave it the king. As soon as Aurelius had drunk it up, the wicked Ambron ordered him presently to cover himself close up, and fall asleep, that the detestable potion might the better operate. The king readily obeyed his prescriptions, and in hopes of his speedy recovery fell asleep. But the poison quickly diffused itself through all the pores and veins of his body, so that the sleep ended in death.
Book VIII 15–18 · At the appearance of this star
The renowned king of the Britons, Aurelius Ambrosius, is dead!
Book VIII 15–18 · 📍 [[Menevia]] · towards the close of the day
Uther Pendragon Gillomanius Pascentius
At last, towards the close of the day, the advantage was on Uther's side, and the death of Gillomanius and Pascentius made a way for complete victory.
Book VIII 15–18
But Uther his brother, having assembled the clergy of the kingdom, took the crown, and by universal consent was advanced to the kingdom.
Book VIII 15–18 · 📍 [[Winchester]] · From this time
From this time, therefore, he was called Uther Pendragon, which in the British tongue signifies the dragon's head
Book VIII 15–18 · In the meantime
In the meantime Octa the son of Hengist, and his kinsman Eosa, seeing they were no longer bound by the treaty which they had made with Aurelius Ambrosius, began to raise disturbances against the king
Book VIII 15–18 · At last
they destroyed some thousands of the pagans, took Octa and Eosa prisoners, and entirely dispersed the Saxons.
Book VIII 19 · 📍 [[London]]
he went to London, and commanded Octa and Eosa to be kept in prison there.
Book VIII 19
The husband, discovering this, fell into a great rage, and retired from the court without taking leave
Book VIII 19 · 📍 [[Cornwall]] · without delay
Accordingly, without delay, while their anger was hot against each other, the king got together a great army, and marched into Cornwall, the cities and towns whereof he set on fire.
Book VIII 19 · 📍 [[Dimilioc]] · A whole week was now past
The king, informed of this, went to the town where Gorlois was, which he besieged, and shut up all the avenues to it.
Book VIII 19
Merlin Uther Pendragon Ulfin de Ricaradoch
underwent the medical applications of Merlin, by whom he was transformed into the likeness of Gorlois; as was Ulfin also into Jordan
Book VIII 19 · 📍 [[Tintagel]] · that night
The king therefore stayed that night with Igerna, and had the full enjoyment of her, for she was deceived with the false disguise which he had put on
Book VIII 19 · 📍 [[Tintagel]] · The same night
The same night therefore she conceived of the most renowned Arthur
Book VIII 20–23 · 📍 [[Tintagel]] · After this
Uther Pendragon Igerna Arthur Anne
After this they continued to live together with much affection for each other, and had a son and daughter, whose names were Arthur and Anne.
Book VIII 20–23 · during his illness
Out of respect to his eminent merits, the king had given him his daughter Anne, and entrusted him with the care of the kingdom, during his illness.
Book VIII 20–23 · 📍 [[Verulam]] · at break of day
when at last, Octa and Eosa being killed, the Saxons turned their backs, and left the Britons a complete victory.
Book VIII 20–23 · 📍 [[Verulam]] · at this
he now without any difficulty sat upright in his horse-litter of himself, as if he was on a sudden restored to health
Book VIII 24
This the detestable conspirators made use of to destroy him, by so poisoning the whole mass of water which sprang up, that the next time the king drank of it, he was seized with sudden death
Book VIII 24 · 📍 [[convent of Ambrius]]
the bishops and clergy of the kingdom assembled, and carried his body to the convent of Ambrius, where they buried it with regal solemnity, close by Aurelius Ambrosius
Book IX 1–3 · 📍 [[Hamo's Port]] · with the first fair wind
Hoel was the son of Arthur's sister by Dubricius, king of the Armorican Britons; so that, upon advice of the disturbances his uncle was threatened with, he ordered his fleet to be got ready, and, having assembled fifteen thousand men, he arrived with the first fair wind at Hamo's Port
Book IX 1–3 · 📍 [[the wood of Celidon]] · three days
Arthur, after consultation, about it, granted their petition; allowing them only leave to depart, and retaining all their treasures, as also hostages for payment of the tribute.
Book IX 1–3 · 📍 [[Totness]] · as they were under sail on their return home
But as they were under sail on their return home, they repented of their bargain, and tacked about again towards Britain, and went on shore at Totness.
Book IX 1–3 · When the king had intelligence of it
When the king had intelligence of it, he was beyond measure surprised at their proceedings, and immediately gave orders for the execution of the hostages.
Book IX 4–6 · The next morning
until he had, with his Caliburn alone, killed four hundred and seventy men.
Book IX 4–6 · 📍 [[lake Lumond]] · fifteen days together
Arthur, having got together a fleet, sailed round the rivers, and besieged the enemy fifteen days together, by which they were so straitened with hunger, that they died by thousands.
Book IX 4–6 · While he was harassing them in this manner
This obliged Arthur to raise the siege, and turn his arms against the Irish, whom he slew without mercy, and compelled the rest to return back to their country.
Book IX 7–10 · 📍 [[York]]
Being willing therefore to bestow on these, as he did on others, the rights of their ancestors, he restored to Augusel the sovereignty over the Scots; his brother Urian he honoured with the sceptre of Mureif; and Lot, who in time of Aurelius Ambrosius had married his sister, by whom he had two sons, Walgan and Modred, he re-established in the consulship of Londonesia, and the other provinces belonging to him.
Book IX 7–10
At length, when the whole country was reduced by him to its ancient state, he took to wife Guanhumara, descended from a noble family of Romans, who was educated under duke Cador, and in beauty surpassed all the women of the island.
Book IX 7–10 · 📍 [[Ireland]] · The next summer
Guillamurius also in a short time was taken prisoner, and forced to submit; as were also all the other princes of the country after the king's example, being under great consternation at what had happened.
Book IX 7–10 · 📍 [[Ireland]] · The next summer
After an entire conquest of Ireland, he made a voyage with his fleet to Iceland, which he also subdued.
Book IX 7–10 · 📍 [[Iceland]] · The next summer
After an entire conquest of Ireland, he made a voyage with his fleet to Iceland, which he also subdued.
Book IX 11
Walgan, the son of Lot, was then a youth twelve years old, and was recommended by his uncle to the service of pope Supplicius, from whom he received arms.
Book IX 11 · 📍 [[Norway]]
the Britons at length had the advantage, and making a vigorous charge, killed Riculf and many others with him. Having thus defeated them, they set the cities on fire, dispersed the country people, and pursued the victory till they had reduced all Norway, as also Dacia, under the dominion of Arthur.
Book IX 11
At length Flollo, watching his advantage, gave Arthur a blow upon the forehead, which might have proved mortal, had he not blunted the edge of his weapon against the helmet. When Arthur saw his coat of mail and shield red with blood, he was inflamed with still greater rage, and lifting up his Caliburn with his utmost strength struck it through the helmet into Flollo's head, and made a terrible gash. With this wound Flollo fell down, tearing the ground with his spurs, and expired.
Book IX 11 · 📍 [[Paris]] · As soon as this news was spread through the army
As soon as this news was spread through the army, the citizens ran together, and opening the gates, surrendered the city to Arthur.
Book IX 14–16
But St. Dubricius, from a pious desire of leading a hermit's life, made a voluntary resignation of his archiepiscopal dignity;
Book IX 14–16
In place of St. Samson, archbishop of Dole, was appointed, with the consent of Hoel, king of the Armorican Britons, Chelianus, a priest of Llandaff
Book IX 14–16 · 📍 [[Rome]] · before the middle of August the next year
I command you to appear at Rome before the middle of August the next year, there to make satisfaction to your masters, and undergo such sentence as they shall in justice pass upon you. Which if you refuse to do, I shall come to you, and endeavour to recover with my sword, what you in your madness have robbed us of.
Book IX 14–16 · 📍 [[Rome]]
So that he has no reasonable grounds to pretend we are of right his tributaries. But since he has the presumption to make an unjust demand of us, we have certainly as good reason to demand of him tribute from Rome; let the longer sword therefore determine the right between us.
Book IX 17–20 · 📍 [[mouth of the river Barba]] · the kalends of August
King Arthur, seeing all unanimously ready for his service, ordered them to return back to their countries with speed, and get ready the forces which they had promised, and to hasten to the general rendezvous upon the kalends of August, at the mouth of the river Barba
Book IX 17–20 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Then he sent word to the emperors by their ambassadors; that as to paying them tribute, he would in no wise obey their commands; and that the journey he was about to make to Rome, was not to stand the award of their sentence, but to demand of them what they had judicially decreed to demand of him.
Book X 1–2
Lucius Tiberius, on receiving this answer, by order of the senate published a decree, for the eastern kings to come with their forces, and assist in the conquest of Britain.
Book X 1–2 · in a very short time
Epistrophius Mustensar Alifantinam Hirtacius Boccus Sertorius Teucer, king of Phrygia Serses Pandrasus Micipsa Polytetes Teucer, duke of Phrygia Evander AEthion Hippolytus
In obedience to which there came in a very short time, Epistrophius, king of the Grecians; Mustensar, king of the Africans; Alifantinam, king of Spain; Hirtacius, king of the Parthians; Boccus, of the Medes; Sertorius, of Libya; Teucer, king of Phrygia; Serses, king of the Itureans; Pandrasus, king of Egypt; Micipsa, king of Babylon; Polytetes, duke of Bithynia; Teucer, duke of Phrygia; Evander, of Syria; AEthion, of Boeotia; Hippolytus, of Crete, with the generals and nobility under them.
Book X 1–2
he committed the government of the kingdom to his nephew Modred, and queen Guanhumara, and marched with his army to Hamo's Port
Book X 1–2 · 📍 [[the mouth of the river Barba]] · As soon as the morning after this night's sail appeared
As soon as the morning after this night's sail appeared, they found themselves arrived at the mouth of the river Barba. And there they pitched their tents, to wait the arrival of the kings of the islands and the generals of the other provinces.
Book X 3 · 📍 [[Michael's Mount]]
Helena the giant
had forcibly taken away Helena, the niece of duke Hoel, from her guard, and fled with her to the top of that which is now called Michael's Mount
Book X 3
Helena the giant
This most illustrious princess, sinking under the fear her tender heart conceived, while the foul monster would have embraced her, fainted away and expired.
Book X 3 · 📍 [[Michael's Mount]]
Arthur the giant
he gave the giant no respite till he had struck it up to the very back through his skull.
Book X 3 · 📍 [[Michael's Mount]]
Bedver the giant
commanded Bedver to cut off his head, and give it to one of the armour-bearers, who was to carry it to the camp
Book X 4
Walgan immediately took fire at this, and ran upon him with his drawn sword, wherewith he cut off his head
Book X 4
Marcellus Mutius, with great eagerness to revenge Quintilian's death, was just upon the back of Walgan, and laid hold of him; which the other quickly obliged him to quit, by cleaving both his helmet and head to the breast with his sword.
Book X 4
Boso Guerinus Carnotensis Walgan Petreius Cotta
At length, the Britons, joining in a close body, and sustaining patiently the assaults of the Romans, retired to the main body of their army with Petreius: which they had no sooner done, than they again attacked them, being now deprived of their leader, very much weakened, dispirited, and just beginning to flee.
Book X 4
Arthur Boso Guerinus Carnotensis Walgan Petreius Cotta
they returned with their plunder and prisoners to the camp; where they gave an account of what had happened, and presented Petreius Cotta with the other prisoners before Arthur, with great joy for the victory.
Book X 4
Arthur Boso Guerinus Carnotensis Walgan
Arthur congratulated them upon it, and promised them advancement to greater honours, for behaving themselves so gallantly when he was absent from them.
Book X 5–7
For Guitard, commander of the Pictavians, happened to get information of the designed stratagem, and was come up with three thousand men, by the help of which they at last got the advantage
Book X 5–7
till they had killed Vulteius Catellus and Evander, king of Syria, and wholly dispersed the rest
Book X 5–7 · 📍 [[Lengriae]] · the night following
At length, giving way to his fears, he entered Lengriae with his army
Book X 5–7 · 📍 [[Suesia]] · the same night
Arthur Morvid Augusel Cador Guerinus Boso Aschillius Lot Hoel Walgan Caius Bedver Holdin Guitard Vigenis Jonathal Cursalem Urbgennius
There he divided his men into several bodies, commanding one legion, over which Morvid, consul of Gloucester, was appointed general
Book X 8–9
At first, the Britons sustained a great loss, by having Bedver the butler killed, and Caius the sewer mortally wounded.
Book X 8–9
And Caius, in endeavouring to revenge his death, was surrounded by the Median troops, and there received a mortal wound
Book X 8–9
Alifantinam Quintus Milvius Marius Lepidus
For on the part of the Romans, besides many others, fell Alifantinam, king of Spain, Micipsa of Babylon, as also Quintus Milvius and Marius Lepidus, senators.
Book X 8–9
Lucius Catellus Alifantinam Hirtacius Marius Lepidus Boccus Caius Metellus Sertorius Quintus Milvius
These four companies were placed in the front of the army.
Book X 10–13
Richomarcus Bloccovius Jagivius
But upon their falling in among Lucius's party, they were surrounded by them, and suffered the same fate with the consul and the other men.
Book X 10–13
and even to the general Lucius himself, who was killed among the crowds with a lance by an unknown hand.
Book X 10–13
But the Britons, by long maintaining the fight, at last with great difficulty gained the victory.
Book X 10–13 · 📍 [[Bajocae]]
There he was, with great solemnity, laid close by the wall, in a burying-place on the south side of the city.
Book X 10–13 · at the beginning of the following summer
his nephew Modred, to whose care he had entrusted Britain, had by tyrannical and treasonable practices set the crown upon his own head
Book X 10–13 · at the beginning of the following summer
and that queen Guanhumara, in violation of her first marriage, had wickedly married him.
Book XI 1–3 · in the five hundred and forty-second year of our Lord's incarnation
Arthur Constantine, son of Cador
And even the renowned king Arthur himself was mortally wounded; and being carried thence to the isle of Avallon to be cured of his wounds, he gave up the crown of Britain to his kinsman Constantine
Book XI 1–3 · Upon Constantine's advancement to the throne
Upon Constantine's advancement to the throne, the Saxons, with the two sons of Modred, made insurrection against him, though without success
Book XI 1–3 · 📍 [[the city of Menevia]] · At the same time
At the same time also died David, the pious archbishop of Legions, at the city of Menevia, in his own abbey
Book XI 4–12 · 📍 [[Stonehenge]] · Three years after this
Constantine, son of Cador Aurelius Conan Uther Pendragon
Three years after this, he himself, by the vengeance of God pursuing him, was killed by Conan, and buried close by Uther Pendragon within the structure of stones, which was set up with wonderful art not far from Salisbury, and called in the English tongue, Stonehenge.
Book XI 4–12 · After him
Aurelius Conan Constantine, son of Cador
He raised disturbances against his uncle, who ought to have reigned after Constantine, and cast him into prison; and then killing his two sons, obtained the kingdom, but died in the second year of his reign.
Book XI 4–12 · 📍 [[Cirencester]] · Here
Here Isembard, the nephew of Lewis, king of the Franks, came and made a league of amity with him, and out of respect to him renounced the Christian faith, on condition that he would assist him to gain the kingdom of Gaul from his uncle, by whom, he said, he was forcibly and unjustly expelled out of it.
Book XI 4–12 · 📍 [[Loegria]] · Therefore
Therefore the remainder of the Britons retired into the western parts of the kingdom, that is, Cornwall and Wales; from whence they continually made frequent and fierce irruptions upon the enemy.
Book XI 4–12 · 📍 [[Britain]] · In the meantime
In the meantime Augustine was sent by pope Saint Gregory into Britain, to preach the word of God to the Angles, who, being blinded with pagan superstition, had entirely extinguished Christianity in that part of the island which they possessed.
Book XI 4–12 · when Augustine required the subjection of the British bishops
The name of their abbat was Dinooth, a man admirably skilled in the liberal arts; who, when Augustine required the subjection of the British bishops, and would have persuaded them to undertake the work of the gospel with him among the Angles, answered him with several arguments, that they owed no subjection to him, neither would they preach to their enemies;
Book XI 13 · 📍 [[Legecester]] · that same day
commanded his men to turn their arms first against them; and so two hundred of them were honoured with the crown of martyrdom
Book XI 13
On the Britons' side fell Blederic, duke of Cornwall, who was their commander in those wars.
Book XII 1–3 · 📍 [[Legecester]] · After this
After this all the princes of the Britons met together at the city of Legecester, and consented to make Cadwan their king
Book XII 1–3 · At last
At last, as they were forming their troops for a battle, their friends came, and made peace between them on these terms: that Cadwan should enjoy that part of Britain which lies on this side of the Humber, and Ethelfrid that which is beyond it. As soon as they had confirmed this agreement with an oath made to their hostages, there commenced such a friendship between them, that they had all things common.
Book XII 1–3 · A short time after her delivery
A short time after her delivery, Cadwan also had a son born to him by the queen, his wife. Then were the two boys brought up together in a manner suitable to their royal birth, one of which was called Cadwalla
Book XII 1–3 · A short time after her delivery
Then were the two boys brought up together in a manner suitable to their royal birth, one of which was called Cadwalla, the other Edwin.
Book XII 4–6 · 📍 [[Ireland]]
From hence he marched with precipitation through Albania, and went over to Ireland.
Book XII 4–6
a strong tempest rose on a sudden, which dispersed the ships of his companions, and in a short time left no two of them together.
Book XII 4–6 · 📍 [[Garnareia]] · in three days
At last, when he had fully satisfied his appetite, he became more cheerful, and in three days was perfectly well again.
Book XII 12–17 · after forty-eight years were expired
At length, after forty-eight years were expired, that most noble and potent king of the Britons, Cadwalla, being grown infirm with age and sickness, departed this life upon the fifteenth before the kalends of December.
Book XII 18–20 · 📍 [[Rome]]
Then Cadwallader, renouncing worldly cares for the sake of God and his everlasting kingdom, went to Rome, and was confirmed by pope Sergius:
Book XII 18–20 · upon the twelfth before the kalends of May, in the six hundred and eighty-ninth year of our Lord's incarnation
and being seized with a sudden illness, was, upon the twelfth before the kalends of May, in the six hundred and eighty-ninth year of our Lord's incarnation freed from the corruption of the flesh, and admitted into the glories of the heavenly kingdom.
Book XII 18–20 · 📍 [[Loegria]]
Athelstan
so throwing off the dominion of the Britons, bore sway over all Loegria, under their leader Athelstan, who first wore a crown amongst them.