The Histories — Chronicle
Ordered by chapter. No event in this book could be dated from the text, so it is not dated — no anchor, no chronology; a date is never inferred. Time expressions are copied from the text as written. Every event links back to one sentence of the original.
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1158 events · no event could be dated from the text
Undated
Book 1 · §9–18 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
yet the Pythian prophetess said this also, that vengeance for the Heracleidai should come upon the descendants of Gyges in the fifth generation.
Book 1 · §9–18 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · as soon as he became king
Gyges when he became ruler sent votive offerings to Delphi not a few
Book 1 · §9–18 · 📍 [[Miletos and Smyrna]] · as soon as he became king
Now Gyges also, as soon as he became king, led an army against Miletos and Smyrna
Book 1 · §9–18 · 📍 [[Colophon]] · as soon as he became king
and he took the lower town of Colophon
Book 1 · §9–18 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
the Kimmerians driven from their abodes by the nomad Scythians came to Asia and took Sardis except the citadel.
Book 1 · §9–18 · 📍 [[Clazomenai]]
and made an invasion against Clazomenai. From this he ed not as he desired, but with great loss
Book 1 · §9–18 · 📍 [[Miletos]] · for the five years which followed these first six
but for the five years which followed these first six the war was carried on by Alyattes the son of Sadyattes, who received it as an inheritance from his father
Book 1 · §19–27 · 📍 [[Assessos]] · in the twelfth year of the war
as soon as the corn was kindled, it was driven by a violent wind and set fire to the temple of Athene surnamed of Assessos; and the temple being set on fire was burnt down to the ground.
Book 1 · §19–27 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · afterwards
afterwards when the army had ed to Sardis, Alyattes fell sick, and as his sickness lasted long, he sent messengers to inquire of the Oracle at Delphi
Book 1 · §19–27 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
the Pythian prophetess said that she would give them no answer, until they should have built up again the temple of Athene which they had burnt at Assessos in the land of Miletos.
Book 1 · §19–27 · 📍 [[Miletos]]
Periander the son of Kypselos, being a special guest-friend of Thrasybulos the then despot of Miletos, heard of the oracle which had been given to Alyattes, and sending a messenger told Thrasybulos
Book 1 · §19–27 · 📍 [[Miletos]]
Alyattes, when this answer was reported to him, sent a herald forthwith to Miletos, desiring to make a truce with Thrasybulos and the Milesians
Book 1 · §19–27 · 📍 [[Miletos]]
he gathered together in the market-place all the store of provisions which was found in the city, both his own and that which belonged to private persons; and he proclaimed to the Milesians that on a signal given by him they should all begin to drink and make merry with one another.
Book 1 · §19–27 · 📍 [[Miletos]]
And after this the peace was made between them on condition of being guest-friends and allies to one another
Book 1 · §19–27 · 📍 [[Assessos]]
Alyattes built two temples to Athene at Assessos in place of one, and himself recovered from his sickness.
Book 1 · §19–27 · 📍 [[open sea]]
These, the story says, when out in open sea, formed a plot to cast Arion overboard and so possess his wealth
Book 1 · §19–27 · 📍 [[Tainaron]]
Then as the measure ended, he threw himself into the sea just as he was, in his full minstrel's garb; and they went on sailing away to Corinth, but him, they say, a dolphin supported on its back and brought him to shore at Tainaron
Book 1 · §19–27
Alyattes the Lydian, when he had thus waged war against the Milesians, afterwards died, having reigned seven-and-fifty years.
Book 1 · §19–27
and upon that he formed a friendship with the Ionians dwelling in the islands.
Book 1 · §28–33 · As time went on
Croesus subdued and kept under his rule all the nations, that is to say Lydians, Phrygians, Mysians, Mariandynoi, Chalybians, Paphlagonians, Thracians both Thynian and Bithynian, Carians, Ionians, Dorians, Aiolians, and Pamphylians
Book 1 · §28–33
who after he had made laws for the Athenians at their bidding, left his native country for ten years
Book 1 · §28–33 · for ten years
left his native country for ten years and sailed away saying that he desired to visit various lands
Book 1 · §28–33 · 📍 [[Eleusis]]
he brought up supports and routed the foe and there died by a most fair death: and the Athenians buried him publicly where he fell, and honoured him greatly.
Book 1 · §34–43 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
Croesus Adrastos Gordias (son of Midas) Midas
I slew my own brother against my will, and therefore am I here, having been driven forth by my father and deprived of all that I had.
Book 1 · §45–52
recognising that he was more grievously burdened by misfortune than all men of whom he knew, slew himself upon the grave.
Book 1 · §45–52 · after this period of time
the growing greatness of the Persians caused Croesus to cease from his mourning, and led him to a care of cutting short the power of the Persians
Book 1 · §45–52 · forthwith
So having formed this design he began forthwith to make trial of the Oracles
Book 1 · §45–52 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
forthwith he did worship to the god and accepted the answer, judging that the Oracle at Delphi was the only true one
Book 1 · §45–52 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · After this
After this with great sacrifices he endeavoured to win the favour of the god at Delphi
Book 1 · §45–52 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
So Croesus having finished all these things sent them to Delphi
Book 1 · §45–52 · 📍 [[Thebes]]
These are the things which he sent to Delphi; and to Amphiaraos, having heard of his valour and of his evil fate, he dedicated a shield made altogether of gold throughout, and a spear all of solid gold
Book 1 · §53–59
declaring to Croesus that if he should march against the Persians he should destroy a great empire: and they counselled him to find out the most powerful of the Hellenes and join these with himself as friends.
Book 1 · §53–59 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
the Delphians gave to Croesus and to the Lydians precedence in consulting the Oracle and freedom from all payments, and the right to front seats at the games, with this privilege also for all time, that any one of them who wished should be allowed to become a citizen of Delphi.
Book 1 · §53–59
But when it cometh to pass that a mule of the Medes shall be monarch Then by the pebbly Hermos, O Lydian delicate-footed, Flee and stay not, and be not ashamed to be callèd a coward.
Book 1 · §53–59 · afterwards
Hippocrates Chilon Peisistratos
When Chilon had thus recommended, Hippocrates, they say, was not willing to be persuaded, and so there was born to him afterwards this Peisistratos;
Book 1 · §53–59 · 📍 [[Acropolis]]
Peisistratos Megacles Lycurgos
And these made insurrection with Peisistratos and obtained possession of the Acropolis. Then Peisistratos was ruler of the Athenians,
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Athens]] · no long time after this
Megacles Lycurgos Peisistratos
the followers of Megacles and those of Lycurgos joined together and drove him forth.
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Megacles, harassed by the party strife, sent a message to Peisistratos asking whether he was willing to have his daughter to wife on condition of becoming despot. And Peisistratos having accepted the proposal and made an agreement on these terms
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Acropolis]]
the men of the city, persuaded that the woman was the very goddess herself, were paying worship to the human creature and receiving Peisistratos.
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Peisistratos according to the agreement made with Megacles married the daughter of Megacles
Book 1 · §60–66 · at first
the mother told her husband Megacles. He then was very indignant that he should be dishonoured by Peisistratos
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Eretria]]
he departed wholly from the land and came to Eretria, where he took counsel together with his sons: and the advice of Hippias having prevailed, that they should endeavour to win back the despotism
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Marathon]] · after the lapse of ten years
in Attica the first place of which they took possession was Marathon.
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[the temple of Athene Pallenis]]
there came into the presence of Peisistratos Amphilytos the Arcarnanian, a soothsayer, who approaching him uttered an oracle in hexameter verse
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[the temple of Athene Pallenis]]
the forces of Peisistratos fell upon the Athenians and put them to flight.
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Athens]] · for the third time
Peisistratos for the third time obtained possession of Athens, and he firmly rooted his despotism
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Naxos]]
for this also Peisistratos conquered by war and delivered into the charge of Lygdamis.
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Delos]]
he cleansed the island of Delos in obedience to the oracles; and his cleansing was of the following kind:—so far as the view from the temple extended he dug up all the dead bodies which were buried in this part and removed them to another part of Delos.
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Athens]]
of the Athenians some had fallen in the battle, and others of them with the sons of Alcmaion were exiles from their native land.
Book 1 · §60–66 · after this
after this Lycurgos established that which appertained to war, namely Enomoties and Triecads and Common Meals, and in addition to this the Ephors and the Senate.
Book 1 · §60–66 · 📍 [[Spartans]] · after he was dead
to Lycurgos after he was dead they erected a temple, and they pay him great worship.
Book 1 · §67–71 · 📍 [[Tegea]] · at length
he dug up the grave and gathered together the bones and went with them away to Sparta.
Book 1 · §67–71 · 📍 [[Sparta]]
and the Lacedemonians, who themselves also had heard of the oracle given to Croesus, were pleased at the coming of the Lydians and exchanged oaths of friendship and alliance
Book 1 · §67–71 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · meanwhile
This bowl never came to Sardis for reasons of which two accounts are given as follows:
Book 1 · §72–77 · 📍 [[land of the Medes]]
Kyaxares Scythians
he delivered boys to them to learn their speech and the art of shooting with the bow.
Book 1 · §72–77 · once
Kyaxares Scythians
when they ed with empty hands Kyaxares (being, as he showed on this occasion, not of an eminently good disposition) dealt with them very harshly and used insult towards them.
Book 1 · §72–77 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
Scythians Alyattes
the Scythians having so done became suppliants for the protection of Alyattes.
Book 1 · §72–77 · in the sixth year
Lydians Medes Thales
in the sixth year a battle took place in which it happened, when the fight had begun, that suddenly the day became night.
Book 1 · §72–77 · 📍 [[Pteria]]
Moreover he took the city of the Pterians, and sold the people into slavery
Book 1 · §72–77 · 📍 [[Cappadokia]]
and the Syrians, who were not guilty of any wrong, he forced to remove from their homes.
Book 1 · §72–77 · 📍 [[Pteria]] · Before he began however to lead forth his army
Cyrus Ionians
he had sent heralds to the Ionians and tried to induce them to revolt from Croesus; but the Ionians would not do as he said.
Book 1 · §72–77 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · on the following day
marched back to Sardis, having it in his mind to call the Egyptians to his help according to the oath which they had taken
Book 1 · §72–77 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · as soon as he came to Sardis
he proceeded to send heralds to his several allies to give them notice that by the fifth month from that time they should assemble at Sardis
Book 1 · §78–83 · 📍 [[Thyrea]]
the one man who was left alive of the three hundred, namely Othryades, being ashamed to to Sparta when all his comrades had been slain, slew himself there in Thyrea.
Book 1 · §78–83 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · as soon as they heard the news from the herald
as soon as they heard the news from the herald, were eager to go to his assistance
Book 1 · §78–83 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · Then (and not before)
Then (and not before) they ceased from their efforts, being grieved at the event as at a great calamity.
Book 1 · §89–93 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
Hearing this Croesus sent certain of the Lydians to Delphi, enjoining them to lay the fetters upon the threshold of the temple
Book 1 · §89–93 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
and he, when he heard it, acknowledged that the fault was his own and not that of the god.
Book 1 · §89–93 · before Croesus became king
And when Croesus had gained possession of the kingdom by the gift of his father, he put to death the man who opposed him, drawing him upon the carding-comb; and his property, which even before that time he had vowed to dedicate, he then offered
Book 1 · §94–101 · 📍 [[Lydia]] · In the reign of Atys the son of Manes
In the reign of Atys the son of Manes their king there came to be a grievous dearth over the whole of Lydia;
Book 1 · §94–101 · 📍 [[Lydia]] · for eighteen years
These games they invented as a resource against the famine, and thus they used to do:—on one of the days they would play games all the time in order that they might not feel the want of food, and on the next they ceased from their games and had food: and thus they went on for eighteen years.
Book 1 · §94–101 · 📍 [[Lydia]]
therefore their king divided the whole Lydian people into two parts, and he appointed by lot one part to remain and the other to go forth from the land; and the king appointed himself to be over that one of the parts which had the lot to stay in the land, and his son to be over that which was departing; and the name of his son was Tyrsenos.
Book 1 · §94–101 · 📍 [[Smyrna]]
went down to the sea at Smyrna and built ships for themselves, wherein they placed all the movable goods which they had and sailed away to seek for means of living and a land to dwell in;
Book 1 · §94–101 · 📍 [[the land of the Ombricans]]
they came at last to the land of the Ombricans, and there they founded cities and dwell up to the present time: and changing their name they were called after the king's son who led them out from home, not Lydians but Tyrsenians, taking the name from him.
Book 1 · §94–101 · 📍 [[Media]]
And the Medes of the same village, seeing his manners, chose him for their judge.
Book 1 · §94–101
Deïokes was much put forward and commended by every one, until at last they agreed that he should be their king.
Book 1 · §94–101 · 📍 [[Agbatana]]
And as the Medes obeyed him in this also, he built large and strong walls, those which are now called Agbatana, standing in circles one within the other.
Book 1 · §94–101
And after all was built, Deïokes established the rule, which he was the first to establish, ordaining that none should enter into the presence of the king, but that they deal with him always through messengers;
Book 1 · §111–116
Take this and expose it, and let us rear the child of the daughter of Astyages as if it were our own.
Book 1 · §111–116 · The third day
This then had had burial, but him who was afterwards called Cyrus the wife of the herdsman had received, and was bringing him up, giving him no doubt some other name, not Cyrus.
Book 1 · §111–116 · when the boy was ten years old
therefore Cyrus bade the other boys seize him hand and foot, and when they obeyed his command he dealt with the boy very roughly, scourging him.
Book 1 · §111–116
And Artembares in the anger of the moment went at once to Astyages, taking the boy with him, and he declared that he had suffered things that were unfitting
Book 1 · §117–122
So Harpagos declared the truth, and Astyages concealed the anger which he kept against him for that which had come to pass, and first he related the matter over again to Harpagos according as he had been told it by the herdsman, and afterwards, when it had been thus repeated by him, he ended by saying that the child was alive
Book 1 · §117–122 · When the time arrived for dinner
And when the time arrived for dinner and the other guests were present and also Harpagos, then before the other guests and before Astyages himself were placed tables covered with flesh of sheep; but before Harpagos was placed the flesh of his own son
Book 1 · §123–129
Son of Cambyses, over thee the gods keep guard, for otherwise thou wouldst never have come to so much good fortune. Do thou therefore take vengeance on Astyages who is thy murderer, for so far as his will is concerned thou art dead, but by the care of the gods and of me thou art still alive;
Book 1 · §123–129
Now therefore do as I say and make yourselves free: for I seem to myself to have been born by providential fortune to take these matters in hand; and I think that ye are not worse men than the Medes, either in other matters or in those which have to do with war. Consider then that this is so, and make revolt from Astyages forthwith.
Book 1 · §123–129
Thus having spoken he first impaled the Magian interpreters of dreams who had persuaded him to let Cyrus go
Book 1 · §130–138
Astyages then, having been king for five-and-thirty years, was thus caused to cease from being king
Book 1 · §148–157 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · when Cyrus had marched away from Sardis
Pactyas caused the Lydians to revolt from Tabalos and from Cyrus. This man went down to the sea, and having in his possession all the gold that there had been in Sardis, he hired for himself mercenaries and persuaded the men of the sea-coast to join his expedition. So he marched on Sardis and besieged Tabalos, having shut himself up in the citadel.
Book 1 · §148–157
send to them and forbid them to possess weapons of war, but bid them on the other hand put on tunics under their outer garments and be shod with buskins, and proclaim to them that they train their sons to play the lyre and the harp and to be retail-dealers; and soon thou shalt see, O king, that they have become women instead of men, so that there will be no fear that they will revolt from thee.
Book 1 · §148–157 · Then
Then he called Mazares a Mede, and laid charge upon him to proclaim to the Lydians that which Croesus suggested, and moreover to sell into slavery all the rest who had joined with the Lydians in the expedition to Sardis, and finally by all means to bring Pactyas himself alive to Cyrus.
Book 1 · §148–157 · 📍 [[Kyme]] · Pactyas hearing that an army was approaching to fight against him
Then Mazares the Mede marched upon Sardis with a certain portion of the army of Cyrus, and as he did not find Pactyas or his followers any longer at Sardis, he first compelled the Lydians to perform the commands of Cyrus, and by his commands the Lydians changed the whole manner of their life. After this Mazares proceeded to send messengers to Kyme bidding them give up Pactyas: and the men of Kyme resolved to refer to the god at Branchidai the question what counsel they should follow.
Book 1 · §167–173 · 📍 [[Abdera]] · before them
Abdera, which before them Timesios of Clazomenai founded and had no profit therefrom, but was driven out by the Thracians
Book 1 · §167–173 · 📍 [[Ionia]] · for the second time
Thus for the second time Ionia had been reduced to subjection.
Book 1 · §167–173 · When the Ionians had been thus evilly entreated
then the Ionians who dwelt in the islands, being struck with fear by these things, gave themselves over to Cyrus.
Book 1 · §167–173 · 📍 [[the land of Milyas]]
and they having been expelled came to the land of Milyas in Asia
Book 1 · §167–173 · 📍 [[the land of the Termilai]]
Lycos the son of Pandion Aigeus
when from Athens Lycos the son of Pandion came to the land of the Termilai and to Sarpedon, he too having been driven out by his brother namely Aigeus
Book 1 · §174–182 · 📍 [[Caria]]
Carians Harpagos
Now the Carians were reduced to subjection by Harpagos
Book 1 · §174–182 · 📍 [[Cnidos]] · while Harpagos was subduing Ionia
Cnidians Harpagos
the men of Cnidos not only ceased from their digging but delivered themselves to Harpagos without resistance, when he came against them with his army.
Book 1 · §174–182 · 📍 [[Lide]] · After a time
Pedasians Harpagos
After a time the Pedasians were conquered;
Book 1 · §174–182 · 📍 [[Xanthos]]
Lykians Harpagos
they went forth against the enemy and were slain in fight, that is to say all the men of Xanthos:
Book 1 · §174–182 · 📍 [[Xanthos]] · at that time
Xanthians
but these eighty households happened at that time to be away from their native place, and so they escaped destruction.
Book 1 · §174–182 · 📍 [[Assyria]]
Cyrus Assyrians
Cyrus, so soon as he had made subject to himself all other parts of the mainland, proceeded to attack the Assyrians.
Book 1 · §190–195 · 📍 [[Babylon]]
when Tritantaichmes son of Artabazos had this province from the king
Book 1 · §196–203 · once in each year
Babylonians
In every village once in each year it was done as follows:—When the maidens grew to the age for marriage, they gathered these all together and brought them in a body to one place, and round them stood a company of men: and the crier caused each one severally to stand up, and proceeded to sell them, first the most comely of all, and afterwards, when she had been sold and had fetched a large sum of money, he would put up another who was the most comely after her: and they were sold for marriage.
Book 1 · §196–203 · of late
Babylonians
it does not however still exist at the present time, but they have found out of late another way, in order that the men may not ill-treat them or take them to another city: for since the time when being conquered they were oppressed and ruined, each one of the common people when he is in want of livelihood prostitutes his female children.
Book 1 · §196–203 · 📍 [[the market-place]]
Babylonians
they bear out the sick into the market-place; for of physicians they make no use.
Book 1 · §196–203 · 📍 [[the precincts of Aphrodite]] · once in her life
Babylonians
every woman of the country must sit down in the precincts of Aphrodite once in her life and have commerce with a man who is a stranger:
Book 1 · §196–203 · When this nation also had been subdued by Cyrus
Cyrus Massagetai
When this nation also had been subdued by Cyrus, he had a desire to bring the Massagetai into subjection to himself.
Book 1 · §204–211 · 📍 [[Araxes]]
Having thus charged him and sent these away to the land of the Persians, he crossed over the river both himself and his army.
Book 1 · §204–211 · 📍 [[Araxes]]
Hystaspes (father of Dareios) Dareios Cyrus
Hystaspes then, having made answer with these words and having crossed over the Araxes, was going his way to the Persian land to keep watch over his son Dareios for Cyrus
Book 1 · §204–211 · Then
Then the Persians came upon them and slew many of them, and took alive many more even than they slew, and among these the son of the queen Tomyris, who was leading the army of the Massagetai; and his name was Spargapises.
Book 1 · §212–216
Restore to me my son and depart from this land without penalty, triumphant over a third part of the army of the Massagetai: but if thou shalt not do so, I swear to thee by the Sun, who is lord of the Massagetai, that surely I will give thee thy fill of blood, insatiable as thou art.
Book 1 · §212–216
and then so soon as he was loosed and had got power over his hands he put himself to death.
Book 2 · §1–8 · before his own
for whose death, which came about before his own, Cyrus had made great mourning himself and also had proclaimed to all those over whom he bore rule that they should make mourning for her
Book 2 · §9–16 · 📍 [[Acarnania]]
Acheloös Echinades
the Acheloös, which flowing through Acarnania and so issuing out into the sea has already made half of the Echinades from islands into mainland.
Book 2 · §9–16 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · in former times
Nile Egypt
the greater part had been won as an addition by the Egyptians
Book 2 · §9–16 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · in the reign of king Moiris
Moiris
not yet nine hundred years had gone by since the death of Moiris, when I heard these things from the priests
Book 2 · §9–16 · 📍 [[Delta]] · in old times
Nile Egypt
their Delta at any rate is alluvial, and has appeared (so to speak) lately
Book 2 · §17–25 · 📍 [[Ammon]]
city of Marea Apis Oracle of Ammon
The god however did not permit them to do so, but said that that land which was Egypt which the Nile came over and watered, and that those were Egyptians who dwelling below the city of Elephantine drank of that river.
Book 2 · §26–31 · 📍 [[Elephantine]] · In the reign of Psammetichos
Psammetichos Egyptians
accordingly they took counsel together, and adopting a common plan they all in a body revolted from Psammetichos and set out for Ethiopia.
Book 2 · §26–31 · 📍 [[Ethiopia]]
Ethiopians Deserters
and he bade them drive these out and dwell in their land.
Book 2 · §32–37 · 📍 [[Libya]]
Nasamonians
these when they grew up to be men had devised various other extravagant things and also they had told off by lot five of themselves to go to see the desert parts of Libya
Book 2 · §32–37
Nasamonians
but as they began to pluck it, there came upon them small men, of less stature than men of the common size, and these seized them and carried them away
Book 2 · §32–37
Nasamonians
he alleged that the Nasamonians returned safe home
Book 2 · §32–37 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · whenever a priest dies
Egyptians
whenever a priest dies his son is appointed to his place.
Book 2 · §44–50 · 📍 [[Thasos]] · full five generations of men before Heracles the son of Amphitryon was born in Hellas
and there I found a temple of Heracles set up by the Phenicians, who had sailed out to seek for Europa and had colonised Thasos; and these things happened full five generations of men before Heracles the son of Amphitryon was born in Hellas.
Book 2 · §44–50 · 📍 [[Hellas]]
for Melampus is he who first set forth to the Hellenes the name of Dionysos and the manner of sacrifice and the procession of the phallos.
Book 2 · §51–61 · four hundred years before my time and not more
for Hesiod and Homer I suppose were four hundred years before my time and not more, and these are they who made a theogony for the Hellenes and gave the titles to the gods and distributed to them honours and arts, and set forth their forms
Book 2 · §62–68 · 📍 [[Papremis]] · upon his festival
Hence, they say, this exchange of blows has become the custom in honour of Ares upon his festival.
Book 2 · §69–80 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
ibis Egyptians
On account of this deed it is (say the Arabians) that the ibis has come to be greatly honoured by the Egyptians, and the Egyptians also agree that it is for this reason that they honour these birds.
Book 2 · §69–80 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
Maneros Egyptians
The Egyptians told me that he was the only son of him who first became king of Egypt, and that he died before his time and was honoured with these lamentations by the Egyptians, and that this was their first and only song.
Book 2 · §81–91 · 📍 [[Chemmis]]
they celebrated an athletic contest for him by his own command
Book 2 · §100–107 · 📍 [[Memphis]]
Min
When this Min, who first became king, had made into dry land the part which was dammed off, on the one hand, I say, he founded in it that city which is now called Memphis
Book 2 · §100–107 · 📍 [[Memphis]]
Min
Then secondly he established in the city the temple of Hephaistos a great work and most worthy of mention.
Book 2 · §100–107
Then while they were feasting, she let in the river upon them by a secret conduit of large size.
Book 2 · §100–107
Of her they told no more than this, except that, when this had been accomplished, she threw herself into a room full of embers, in order that she might escape vengeance.
Book 2 · §100–107
Moris
Moris: he (they said) produced as a memorial of himself the gateway of the temple of Hephaistos which is turned towards the North Wind, and dug a lake, about which I shall set forth afterwards how many furlongs of circuit it has, and in it built pyramids of the size which I shall mention at the same time when I speak of the lake itself.
Book 2 · §100–107 · 📍 [[Arabian gulf]]
He (the priests said) first of all set out with ships of war from the Arabian gulf and subdued those who dwelt by the shores of the Erythraian Sea
Book 2 · §100–107
then secondly, after he had returned to Egypt, according to the report of the priests he took a great army and marched over the continent, subduing every nation which stood in his way
Book 2 · §100–107 · 📍 [[Europe]]
Thus doing he traversed the continent, until at last he passed over to Europe from Asia and subdued the Scythians and also the Thracians.
Book 2 · §100–107 · 📍 [[Daphnai]]
his brother to whom Sesostris had entrusted the charge of Egypt invited him and with him his sons to a feast; and then he piled the house round with brushwood and set it on fire
Book 2 · §100–107 · 📍 [[Daphnai]]
This, they said, Sesostris did, and two of his sons were burnt to death in this manner, but the rest got away safe with their father.
Book 2 · §108–114 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · having returned to Egypt
Then Sesostris, having returned to Egypt and having taken vengeance on his brother,
Book 2 · §108–114 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · in the reign of this king
these were they who drew the stones which in the reign of this king were brought to the temple of Hephaistos, being of very great size; and also these were compelled to dig all the channels which now are in Egypt;
Book 2 · §108–114 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
they said that this king distributed the land to all the Egyptians, giving an equal square portion to each man, and from this he made his revenue, having appointed them to pay a certain rent every year:
Book 2 · §108–114 · in the eleventh year
and in the eleventh year there came to him an oracle from the city of Buto saying that the time of his punishment had expired, and that he should see again if he washed his eyes with the water of a woman who had accompanied with her own husband only and had not knowledge of other men;
Book 2 · §108–114 · 📍 [[Erythrabolos]] · when he had at last regained his sight
he gathered together all the women of whom he had made trial, excepting her by whose means he had regained his sight, to one city which now is named Erythrabolos, and having gathered them to this he consumed them all by fire, as well as the city itself;
Book 2 · §108–114 · Then after he had escaped the malady of his eyes
but as for her by whose means he had regained his sight, he had her himself to wife.
Book 2 · §108–114 · 📍 [[Memphis]] · After him
After him, they said, there succeeded to the throne a man of Memphis, whose name in the tongue of the Hellenes was Proteus;
Book 2 · §108–114 · 📍 [[Sparta]]
Alexander (son of Priam) Helen
Alexander having carried off Helen was sailing away from Sparta to his own land,
Book 2 · §108–114 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
Alexander (son of Priam) Helen
and after that, since the blasts did not cease to blow, he came to Egypt itself, and in Egypt to that which is now named the Canobic mouth of the Nile and to Taricheiai.
Book 2 · §108–114 · 📍 [[the temple of Heracles]] · Accordingly
Alexander (son of Priam) Menelaos
Accordingly the attendants of Alexander, having heard of the custom which existed about the temple, ran away from him, and sitting down as suppliants of the god, accused Alexander, because they desired to do him hurt, telling the whole tale how things were about Helen and about the wrong done to Menelaos;
Book 2 · §108–114 · 📍 [[Memphis]] · In reply to this
Proteus Alexander (son of Priam)
Seize this man, whosoever he may be, who has done impiety to his own host, and bring him away into my presence, that I may know what he will find to say.
Book 2 · §115–120 · 📍 [[Memphis]]
Thonis Alexander (son of Priam) Helen
Thonis seized Alexander and detained his ships, and after that he brought the man himself up to Memphis and with him Helen and the wealth he had
Book 2 · §115–120 · within three days
Proteus Alexander (son of Priam) Helen
This woman indeed and the wealth which thou hast I will not allow thee to carry away, but I shall keep them safe for the Hellene who was thy host, until he come himself and desire to carry them off to his home; to thyself however and thy fellow-voyagers I proclaim that ye depart from your anchoring within three days and go from my land to some other
Book 2 · §115–120 · 📍 [[Ilion]] · After the rape of Helen
Menelaos Alexander (son of Priam) Helen
The Hellenes however thought that they were being mocked by them and besieged the city, until at last they took it
Book 2 · §115–120 · 📍 [[Libya]] · After this
After this, when it was known that he had done so, he became abhorred, and being pursued he escaped and got away in his ships to Libya
Book 2 · §121–121 · After Proteus
After Proteus, they told me, Rhampsinitos received in succession the kingdom
Book 2 · §121–121 · 📍 [[temple of Hephaistos]]
Rhampsinitos received in succession the kingdom, who left as a memorial of himself that gateway to the temple of Hephaistos which is turned towards the West, and in front of the gateway he set up two statues
Book 2 · §121–121 · by night
his sons made no long delay in setting to work, but went to the palace by night, and having found the stone in the wall of the chamber they dealt with it easily and carried forth for themselves great quantity of the wealth within.
Book 2 · §121–121
he did as follows:—having ordered traps to be made he set these round about the vessels in which the money was
Book 2 · §121–121
then so soon as he came near to one of the vessels he was straightway caught in the trap
Book 2 · §121–121 · when it became day
he hung up the dead body of the thief upon the wall and set guards there, with charge if they saw any one weeping or bewailing himself to seize him and bring him before the king.
Book 2 · §121–121
he caused his own daughter to sit in the stews, and enjoined her to receive all equally, and before having commerce with any one to compel him to tell her what was the most cunning and what the most unholy deed which had been done by him in all his life-time
Book 2 · §121–121
he sent round to all the cities and made proclamation granting a free pardon to the thief, and also promising a great reward if he would come into his presence.
Book 2 · §121–121
Rhampsinitos greatly marvelled at him, and gave him this daughter of his to wife
Book 2 · §122–129 · 📍 [[Hades]]
this king went down alive to that place which by the Hellenes is called Hades, and there played at dice with Demeter, and in some throws he overcame her and in others he was overcome by her; and he came back again having as a gift from her a handkerchief of gold
Book 2 · §122–129 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · after he came back
because of the going down of Rhampsinitos the Egyptians after he came back celebrated a feast
Book 2 · §122–129 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · after him
after him Cheops became king over them and brought them to every kind of evil
Book 2 · §122–129 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
for he shut up all the temples, and having first kept them from sacrificing there, he then bade all the Egyptians work for him.
Book 2 · §122–129 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · Of this oppression there passed ten years
Of this oppression there passed ten years while the causeway was made by which they drew the stones
Book 2 · §122–129 · there passed a period of twenty years
For the making of the pyramid itself there passed a period of twenty years
Book 2 · §122–129
being in want of money he caused his own daughter to sit in the stews, and ordered her to obtain from those who came a certain amount of money
Book 2 · §122–129 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
he both opened the temples and gave liberty to the people, who were ground down to the last extremity of evil, to return to their own business and to their sacrifices
Book 2 · §122–129 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
when a man complained of the decision, he gave him recompense from his own goods and thus satisfied his desire.
Book 2 · §122–129 · while Mykerinos was acting mercifully to his subjects
calamities befell him, of which the first was this, namely that his daughter died, the only child whom he had in his house
Book 2 · §122–129
he made a cow of wood, which he covered over with gold, and then within it he buried this daughter
Book 2 · §130–136 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
As for Rhodopis, she came to Egypt brought by Xanthes the Samian, and having come thither to exercise her calling she was redeemed from slavery for a great sum by a man of Mytilene, Charaxos son of Scamandronymos and brother of Sappho the lyric poet. Thus was Rhodopis set free
Book 2 · §139–143 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · fifty years
and the Ethiopian was king over Egypt for fifty years
Book 2 · §139–143 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · when this time was now expiring
since then this time was now expiring, and the vision of the dream also disturbed him, Sabacos departed out of Egypt of his own free will.
Book 2 · §139–143 · 📍 [[the fen-country]] · After the Ethiopian had gone away out of Egypt
Then when the Ethiopian had gone away out of Egypt, the blind man came back from the fen-country and began to rule again
Book 2 · §139–143 · After him
After him there came to the throne the priest of Hephaistos, whose name was Sethos.
Book 2 · §139–143
This man, they said, neglected and held in no regard the warrior class of the Egyptians, considering that he would have no need of them; and besides other slights which he put upon them, he also took from them the yokes of corn-land which had been given to them as a special gift in the reigns of the former kings
Book 2 · §139–143 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · After this
After this, Sanacharib king of the Arabians and of the Assyrians marched a great host against Egypt.
Book 2 · §139–143 · 📍 [[Pelusion]] · by night
Then after they came, there swarmed by night upon their enemies mice of the fields, and ate up their quivers and their bows, and moreover the handles of their shields, so that on the next day they fled, and being without defence of arms great numbers fell.
Book 2 · §139–143
And when Hecataios had traced his descent and connected his family with a god in the sixteenth generation, they traced a descent in opposition to this, besides their numbering, not accepting it from him that a man had been born from a god;
Book 2 · §144–149 · after he was born
and as to Pan, they cannot say whither he went after he was born.
Book 2 · §144–149 · 📍 [[Hellas]]
For if these also, like Heracles the son of Amphitryon, had appeared before all men's eyes and had lived their lives to old age in Hellas
Book 2 · §150–156 · 📍 [[Nineveh]] · once
until at last they accomplished that which they desired.
Book 2 · §150–156
Sabacos Necos (father of Psammetichos)
the Ethiopian Sabacos who had killed his father Necos
Book 2 · §150–156 · 📍 [[Syria]]
from him, I say, he had then been a fugitive in Syria
Book 2 · §150–156 · 📍 [[Saïs]] · when the Ethiopian had departed
the Egyptians who were of the district of Saïs brought him back to his own country.
Book 2 · §150–156 · 📍 [[the fen-country]] · on the last day of the feast
they determined to strip him of almost all his power and to drive him away into the fen-country
Book 2 · §150–156 · 📍 [[the city of Buto]]
there was given to him the reply that vengeance would come when men of bronze appeared from the sea.
Book 2 · §150–156 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · after no long time had passed
Then when he had persuaded them, with the help of those Egyptians who favoured his cause and of these foreign mercenaries he overthrew the kings.
Book 2 · §150–156 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
These portions of land he gave them, and he paid them besides all that he had promised
Book 2 · §150–156 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
moreover he placed with them Egyptian boys to have them taught the Hellenic tongue
Book 2 · §150–156 · 📍 [[Buto]] · at that time when Typhon came after him
Leto, being one of the eight gods who came into existence first, and dwelling in the city of Buto where she has this Oracle, received Apollo from Isis as a charge and preserved him, concealing him in the island which is said now to be a floating island
Book 2 · §158–165 · 📍 [[Azotos]] · for thirty years save one
besieging it, until at last he took it
Book 2 · §158–165 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
The son of Psammetichos was Necos, and he became king of Egypt.
Book 2 · §158–165 · in the reign of Necos
Now Necos ceased in the midst of his digging, because the utterance of an Oracle impeded him, which was to the effect that he was working for the Barbarian
Book 2 · §158–165
Necos engaged battle at Magdolos with the Syrians, and conquered them; and after this he took Cadytis
Book 2 · §158–165 · After this
Necos (son of Psammetichos) Psammis
After this, having reigned in all sixteen years, he brought his life to an end, and handed on the kingdom to Psammis his son.
Book 2 · §158–165 · 📍 [[Ethiopia]] · for only six years
had made an expedition to Ethiopia and immediately afterwards had ended his life
Book 2 · §158–165 · 📍 [[Sidon]] · during which
during which he led an army against Sidon and fought a sea-fight with the king of Tyre.
Book 2 · §158–165 · 📍 [[Kyrenians]]
Apries having sent a great expedition against the Kyrenians, met with correspondingly great disaster
Book 2 · §158–165
one of the Egyptians stood up behind him and put a helmet upon his head, saying as he did so that he put it on to crown him king.
Book 2 · §158–165
the king paying no regard to that which he said, but being moved by violent anger, ordered his ears and his nose to be cut off.
Book 2 · §158–165 · when they saw the man of most repute among them thus suffering shameful outrage
waited no longer but joined the others in revolt, and delivered themselves over to Amasis.
Book 2 · §166–174 · 📍 [[Siuph]] · Apries having thus been overthrown
Apries having thus been overthrown, Amasis became king
Book 2 · §175–182 · 📍 [[Saïs]]
First in Saïs he built and completed for Athene a temple-gateway
Book 2 · §175–182 · 📍 [[Memphis]]
Moreover Amasis was he who built and finished for Isis her temple at Memphis
Book 2 · §175–182 · In the reign of Amasis
In the reign of Amasis it is said that Egypt became more prosperous than at any other time before
Book 2 · §175–182
It was Amasis too who established the law that every year each one of the Egyptians should declare to the ruler of his district, from what source he got his livelihood
Book 2 · §175–182 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
Now Solon the Athenian received from Egypt this law and had it enacted for the Athenians
Book 2 · §175–182 · 📍 [[Naucratis]]
he also granted the city of Naucratis for those of them who came to Egypt to dwell in
Book 2 · §175–182 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
to those who did not desire to stay, but who made voyages thither, he granted portions of land to set up altars and make sacred enclosures for their gods.
Book 2 · §175–182 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Now at Samos he dedicated offerings because of the guest-friendship between himself and Polycrates the son of Aiakes
Book 2 · §175–182 · 📍 [[Cyprus]]
and he was the first of men who conquered Cyprus and subdued it so that it paid him tribute.
Book 3 · §1–8 · after a time
Nitetis Cambyses Amasis Apries
O king, thou dost not perceive how thou hast been deceived by Amasis; for he adorned me with ornaments and sent me away giving me to thee as his own daughter, whereas in truth I am the daughter of Apries against whom Amasis rose up with the Egyptians and murdered him, who was his lord and master.
Book 3 · §1–8 · 📍 [[Persia]]
This Phanes, having (as we may suppose) some quarrel with Amasis, fled away from Egypt in a ship, desiring to come to speech with Cambyses: and as he was of no small repute among the mercenaries and was very closely acquainted with all the affairs of Egypt, Amasis pursued him and considered it a matter of some moment to capture him: and he pursued by sending after him the most trusted of his eunuchs with a trireme, who captured him in Lykia; but having captured him he did not bring him back to Egypt, since Phanes got the better of him by cunning; for he made his guards drunk and escaped to Persia.
Book 3 · §1–8
So when Cambyses had made his resolve to march upon Egypt, and was in difficulty about the march, as to how he should get safely through the waterless region, this man came to him and besides informing of the other matters of Amasis, he instructed him also as to the march, advising him to send to the king of the Arabians and ask that he would give him safety of passage through this region.
Book 3 · §1–8 · at the time of which I speak
at the time of which I speak, seeing that water was not yet provided, Cambyses, in accordance with what he was told by his Halicarnassian guest, sent envoys to the Arabian king and from him asked and obtained the safe passage, having given him pledges of friendship and received them from him in return.
Book 3 · §9–14 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
Amasis had died after having reigned forty and four years during which no great misfortune had befallen him
Book 3 · §9–14 · 📍 [[the Pelusian mouth of the Nile]] · when the Persians had marched quite through the waterless region
Psammenitos the son of Amasis was encamped at the Pelusian mouth of the Nile waiting for the coming of Cambyses
Book 3 · §9–14 · 📍 [[Papremis]]
those who were slain together with Achaimenes the son of Dareios, by Inaros the Libyan.
Book 3 · §9–14 · 📍 [[Memphis]] · in course of time
After this the Egyptians being besieged, in course of time surrendered themselves;
Book 3 · §9–14 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
the Libyans who dwell on the borders of Egypt, being struck with terror by that which had happened to Egypt, delivered themselves up without resistance, and they both laid on themselves a tribute and sent presents:
Book 3 · §9–14 · 📍 [[Kyrene]]
likewise also those of Kyrene and Barca, being struck with terror equally with the Libyans, acted in a similar manner:
Book 3 · §9–14 · 📍 [[Memphis]] · On the tenth day after that on which he received the surrender of the fortress of Memphis
Cambyses set the king of the Egyptians Psammenitos, who had been king for six months, to sit in the suburb of the city, to do him dishonour
Book 3 · §9–14 · 📍 [[Memphis]] · On the tenth day after that on which he received the surrender of the fortress of Memphis
Cambyses sent his son with two thousand Egyptians besides who were of the same age, with ropes bound round their necks and bits placed in their mouths; and these were being led away to execution
Book 3 · §9–14 · 📍 [[Memphis]]
forthwith he bade them save the life of the son of Psammenitos from among those who were being put to death, and also he bade them raise Psammenitos himself from his place in the suburb of the city and bring him into his own presence.
Book 3 · §22–28 · forthwith
forthwith Cambyses was enraged and proceeded to march his army against the Ethiopians
Book 3 · §22–28 · 📍 [[Thebes]]
he divided off about fifty thousand of his army, and these he enjoined to make slaves of the Ammonians and to set fire to the seat of the Oracle of Zeus
Book 3 · §22–28 · when he heard it
Cambyses, when he heard it, being alarmed by this eating of one another gave up the expedition against the Ethiopians and set forth to go back again
Book 3 · §22–28 · 📍 [[Thebes]]
and he arrived at Thebes having suffered loss of a great number of his army.
Book 3 · §22–28 · 📍 [[Memphis]]
Then from Thebes he came down to Memphis and allowed the Hellenes to sail away home.
Book 3 · §22–28 · 📍 [[Memphis]]
Hearing this Cambyses said that they were lying, and as liars he condemned them to death.
Book 3 · §22–28 · 📍 [[Memphis]] · next
Having put these to death, next he called the priests into his presence; and when the priests answered him after the same manner, he said that it should not be without his knowledge if a tame god had come to the Egyptians; and having so said he bade the priests bring Apis away into his presence
Book 3 · §29–35
he ordered those whose duty it was to do such things, to scourge the priests without mercy, and to put to death any one of the other Egyptians whom they should find keeping the festival.
Book 3 · §29–35 · immediately after this evil deed
Him, when he had brought his life to an end by reason of the wound, the priests buried without the knowledge of Cambyses
Book 3 · §29–35 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
Of these it was the younger whom he put to death, she having accompanied him to Egypt.
Book 3 · §29–35 · at another time
and at another time he condemned twelve of the Persians, men equal to the best, on a charge of no moment, and buried them alive with the head downwards.
Book 3 · §36–41
The attendants however, knowing his moods, concealed Croesus, with the intention that if Cambyses should change his mind and seek to have Croesus again, they might produce him and receive gifts as the price of saving his life
Book 3 · §36–41
but that they who had preserved him should not get off free, but he would put them to death: and thus he did.
Book 3 · §36–41 · 📍 [[Memphis]]
remaining at Memphis and opening ancient tombs and examining the dead bodies.
Book 3 · §36–41
Likewise also he entered into the temple of Hephaistos and very much derided the image of the god
Book 3 · §36–41
He entered also into the temple of the Cabeiroi, into which it is not lawful for any one to enter except the priest only, and the images there he even set on fire
Book 3 · §36–41 · 📍 [[Samos]] · At first
At first he had divided the State into three parts and had given a share to his brothers Pantagnotos and Syloson
Book 3 · §36–41 · 📍 [[Samos]] · afterwards
but afterwards he put to death one of these
Book 3 · §36–41 · 📍 [[Samos]] · afterwards
and the younger, namely Syloson, he drove out, and so obtained possession of the whole of Samos.
Book 3 · §36–41 · 📍 [[Samos]] · Then
Then, being in possession, he made a guest-friendship with Amasis the king of Egypt, sending him gifts and receiving gifts in return from him.
Book 3 · §36–41 · 📍 [[Samos]] · After this straightway within a short period of time
he gained the victory in a sea-fight over the Lesbians, as they were coming to help the Milesians with their forces, and conquered them
Book 3 · §36–41 · 📍 [[Samos]]
he took off the signet-ring, and in the sight of all who were with him in the ship he threw it into the sea.
Book 3 · §42–50 · 📍 [[Samos]] · on the fifth or sixth day after these things
Then as soon as they had seen it and taken it up, they bore it rejoicing to Polycrates, and giving him the signet-ring they told him in what manner it had been found
Book 3 · §42–50
and he perceiving that the matter was of God, wrote upon paper all that he had done and all that had happened to him, and having written he despatched it to Egypt.
Book 3 · §42–50 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Therefore he sent an envoy to him in Samos and said that he broke off the guest-friendship
Book 3 · §42–50 · 📍 [[Samos]]
and Polycrates selected of the citizens those whom he most suspected of desiring to rise against him and sent them away in forty triremes, charging Cambyses not to send them back.
Book 3 · §42–50 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Then Polycrates gathered together the children and wives of his subjects and confined them in the ship-sheds, keeping them ready so that, if it should prove that his subjects deserted to the side of the returning exiles, he might burn them with the sheds.
Book 3 · §42–50 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Then, as they were sailing in to Samos, Polycrates encountered them with ships and engaged battle with them
Book 3 · §42–50 · 📍 [[Samos]]
When those of the Samians who had been driven out by Polycrates reached Sparta, they were introduced before the magistrates and spoke at length, being urgent in their request.
Book 3 · §42–50 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Then the Lacedemonians prepared a force and made expedition to Samos
Book 3 · §42–50 · 📍 [[Corinth]]
Of this saying the elder of them took no account, but the younger, whose name was Lycophron, was grieved so greatly at hearing it, that when he reached Corinth again he would neither address his father, nor speak to him when his father would have conversed with him, nor give any reply when he asked questions, regarding him as the murderer of his mother.
Book 3 · §42–50 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
Periander the son of Kypselos had despatched three hundred sons of the chief men of Corcyra to Alyattes at Sardis to be made eunuchs
Book 3 · §42–50 · 📍 [[Samos]]
the Samians, being informed of the story and for what purpose they were being conducted to Sardis, first instructed the boys to lay hold of the temple of Artemis, and then they refused to permit the Corinthians to drag the suppliants away from the temple:
Book 3 · §51–57 · 📍 [[Corinth]]
he would never come to Corinth so long as he heard that his father was yet alive.
Book 3 · §51–57 · 📍 [[Corcyra]]
the Corcyreans, having learnt all that had taken place, put the young man to death
Book 3 · §51–57 · 📍 [[Samos]] · on that day
Archias and Lycopas alone rushed within the wall together with the flying Samians, and being shut off from retreat were slain within the city of the Samians.
Book 3 · §65–70 · After this
After this, when the bone had become diseased and the thigh had mortified, Cambyses the son of Cyrus was carried off by the wound, having reigned in all seven years and five months, and being absolutely childless both of male and female offspring.
Book 3 · §65–70 · when Cambyses had brought his life to an end
Thus when Cambyses had brought his life to an end, the Magian became king without disturbance, usurping the place of his namesake Smerdis the son of Cyrus
Book 3 · §65–70 · at once when he established himself upon the throne
the Magian sent messengers abroad to every nation over which he ruled, and proclaimed freedom from military service and from tribute for three years.
Book 3 · §65–70 · in the eighth month
in the eighth month it was discovered who he was in the following manner
Book 3 · §65–70 · so soon as it became day
and perceiving not with difficulty but easily that her husband had no ears, so soon as it became day she sent and informed her father of that which had taken place.
Book 3 · §65–70
Otanes Aspathines Gobryas Intaphrenes Megabyzos Hydarnes
Then Otanes took to him Aspathines and Gobryas, who were leading men among the Persians and also his own most trusted friends, and related to them the whole matter: and they, as it then appeared, had suspicions also themselves that it was so; and when Otanes reported this to them, they readily accepted his proposals.
Book 3 · §65–70 · 📍 [[Susa]] · when he came
Otanes Aspathines Gobryas Intaphrenes Megabyzos Hydarnes Dareios
Accordingly when he came, the six men of the Persians resolved to associate Dareios also with themselves.
Book 3 · §71–77
After Prexaspes had promised to do this, the Magians, having persuaded him so far, proposed to him a second thing
Book 3 · §71–77 · 📍 [[a tower]]
Then he made imprecation of many evils on the Persians, if they did not win back again the power and take vengeance upon the Magians, and upon that he let himself fall down from the tower head foremost.
Book 3 · §78–82 · This day
So the Persians when they heard of that which had been brought to pass by the seven and of the deceit of the Magians, thought good themselves also to do the same, and drawing their daggers they killed the Magians wherever they found one;
Book 3 · §83–90
When he had said this, the six made agreement with him on those terms, and he was no longer a competitor with them, but withdrew from the assembly
Book 3 · §83–90
it was resolved by them that to Otanes and his descendants in succession, if the kingdom should come to any other of the seven, there should be given as special gifts a Median dress every year and all those presents which are esteemed among the Persians to be the most valuable
Book 3 · §83–90
Dareios Atossa Artystone Cambyses Smerdis Parmys
for he married two daughters of Cyrus, Atossa and Artystone, of whom the one, Arossa, had before been the wife of Cambyses her brother and then afterwards of the Magian, while Artystone was a virgin; and besides them he married the daughter of Smerdis the son of Cyrus, whose name was Parmys
Book 3 · §83–90
Having so done in Persia, he established twenty provinces, which the Persians themselves call satrapies; and having established the provinces and set over them rulers, he appointed tribute to come to him from them according to races
Book 3 · §91–101 · 📍 [[Posideion]]
Posideion, founded by Amphilochos the son of Amphiaraos on the borders of the Kilikians and the Syrians
Book 3 · §111–119
Intaphrenes believing that they were not speaking the truth, drew his sword and cut off their ears and their noses
Book 3 · §111–119
he took both Intaphrenes himself and his sons and all his kinsmen, being much disposed to believe that he was plotting insurrection against him with the help of his relations; and having seized them he put them in bonds as for execution.
Book 3 · §111–119
king Dareios grants to thee to save from death one of thy kinsmen who are lying in bonds, whomsoever thou desirest of them all.
Book 3 · §111–119
he let go not only him for whose life she asked, but also the eldest of her sons because he was pleased with her: but all the others he slew.
Book 3 · §128–134
So the spearmen of the guard, when they heard this, drew their swords and slew him forthwith. Thus did retribution for the murder of Polycrates the Samian overtake Oroites.
Book 3 · §128–134 · 📍 [[Susa]] · not long after
king Dareios while engaged in hunting wild beasts twisted his foot in leaping off his horse
Book 3 · §135–141 · 📍 [[Taras]]
Aristophilides the king of the Tarentines unfastened and removed the steering-oars of the Median ships, and also confined the Persians in prison
Book 3 · §135–141 · 📍 [[Croton]]
Demokedes went away and reached Croton; and when he had now reached his own native place
Book 3 · §135–141 · 📍 [[Croton]]
Thus saying they did not however persuade the men of Croton, but having had Demokedes rescued from them
Book 3 · §135–141 · 📍 [[Iapygia]]
Gillos a Tarentine exile rescued them and brought them back to king Dareios.
Book 3 · §135–141 · 📍 [[Samos]]
which now that my brother Polycrates has been slain by Oroites is possessed by our slave.
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Now Maiandrios the son of Maiandrios was holding the rule over Samos, having received the government as a trust from Polycrates; and he, though desiring to show himself the most righteous of men, did not succeed in so doing: for when the death of Polycrates was reported to him
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]]
and I now give the power into the hands of the people, and proclaim to you equality. These privileges however I think it right to have assigned to me, namely that from the wealth of Polycrates six talents should be taken out and given to me as a special gift; and in addition to this I choose for myself and for my descendants in succession the priesthood of Zeus the Liberator
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]]
and Maiandrios perceiving that if he resigned the power, some other would be set up as despot instead of himself, did not keep the purpose at all of resigning it
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]]
but having retired to the fortress he sent for each man separately, pretending that he was going to give an account of the money, and so seized them and put them in bonds.
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]] · after this
but Maiandrios after this was overtaken by sickness, and his brother, whose name was Lycaretos, expecting that he would die, put all the prisoners to death
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]] · when the Persians arrived at Samos
and moreover the party of Maiandrios and Maiandrios himself said that they were ready to retire out of the island under a truce. Otanes therefore having agreed on these terms and having made a treaty
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]] · at this time
So Maiandrios hearing his voice bade them loose him and bring him into his presence
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]]
and opening wide the gates sent them out upon the Persians, who were not expecting any such thing, but supposed that all had been arranged: and the mercenaries falling upon them began to slay those of the Persians who had seats carried for them and were of most account.
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]] · Then
Then Otanes the Persian commander, seeing that the Persians had suffered greatly, purposely forgot the commands which Dareios gave him when he sent him forth, not to kill any one of the Samians nor to sell any into slavery, but to restore the island to Syloson free from all suffering of calamity,—these commands, I say, he purposely forgot, and gave the word to his army to slay every one whom they should take, man or boy, without distinction.
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]] · after sweeping the population off it
As to Samos, the Persians, after sweeping the population off it, delivered it to Syloson stripped of men.
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Samos]] · Afterwards
Afterwards however the commander Otanes even joined in settling people there
Book 3 · §142–150 · 📍 [[Peloponnesus]]
Maiandrios Cleomenes Anaxandrides
he went to the Ephors and said that it was better for Sparta that the stranger of Samos should depart from Peloponnesus, lest he might persuade either himself or some other man of the Spartans to act basely. They accordingly accepted his counsel, and expelled Maiandrios by proclamation.
Book 3 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Babylon]]
Dareios being informed of this and having gathered together all his power, made expedition against them, and when he had marched his army up to Babylon he began to besiege them
Book 3 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Babylon]] · a year and seven months
So when a year and seven months had now passed by, Dareios began to be vexed and his whole army with him, not being able to conquer the Babylonians.
Book 3 · §151–158 · in the twentieth month
Then in the twentieth month there happened to Zopyros the son of that Megabyzos who had been of the seven men who slew the Magian, to this Zopyros, I say, son of Megabyzos there happened a prodigy,—one of the mules which served as bearers of provisions for him produced young:
Book 3 · §151–158
So, making light esteem of himself, he maltreated his own body in a manner which could not be cured; for he cut off his nose and his ears, and shaved his hair round in an unseemly way, and scourged himself, and so went into the presence of Dareios.
Book 3 · §151–158 · on the tenth day
Now therefore, unless something is wanting on thy part, we shall conquer Babylon: for I shall go straightway as a deserter to the wall; and I shall say to them that I suffered this treatment at thy hands:
Book 3 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Babylon]]
And he addressed them and said that he was Zopyros, and that he came as a deserter to them.
Book 3 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Babylon]] · on the tenth day
Then when he had obtained this from them, he did that which he had agreed with Dareios that he would do; for he led out on the tenth day the army of the Babylonians, and having surrounded the thousand men whom he had enjoined Dareios first to set there, he slew them.
Book 3 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Babylon]] · after the lapse of the days which had been agreed upon
and after the lapse of the days which had been agreed upon, he again chose men of the Babylonians and led them out and slew the two thousand men of the troops of Dareios.
Book 3 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Babylon]] · after the lapse of the days which had been agreed upon
He then again, after the lapse of the days which had been agreed upon, led them out to the place appointed, and surrounded the four thousand and slew them.
Book 3 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Babylon]]
When this also had been done, Zopyros was everything among the Babylonians, and he was appointed both commander of their army and guardian of their walls.
Book 3 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Babylon]]
Zopyros opened the gates called the gates of Kissia and of Belos, and let in the Persians within the wall.
Book 3 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Babylon]] · until at last
until at last they also learnt that they had been betrayed.
Book 3 · §159–160 · 📍 [[Babylon]]
Thus was Babylon conquered for the second time: and Dareios when he had overcome the Babylonians
Book 3 · §159–160 · 📍 [[Babylon]]
Dareios impaled the leading men to the number of about three thousand
Book 3 · §159–160 · 📍 [[Babylon]]
but to the rest of the Babylonians he gave back their city to dwell in
Book 3 · §159–160 · 📍 [[Babylon]]
he ordered the nations who dwelt round to bring women to Babylon, fixing a certain number for each nation, so that the sum total of fifty thousand women was brought together
Book 3 · §159–160 · 📍 [[Babylon]] · so long as he should live
he granted him Babylon to rule free from tribute, so long as he should live
Book 4 · §1–9
These then the gold repelled by blazing with fire; but when the third and youngest came up to it, the flame was quenched, and he carried them to his own house. The elder brothers then, acknowledging the significance of this thing, delivered the whole of the kingly power to the youngest.
Book 4 · §1–9
Colaxaïs, they say, established three kingdoms for his sons; and of these he made one larger than the rest, and in this the gold is kept.
Book 4 · §1–9 · 📍 [[Hylaia]]
she said that she had them herself and would not give them up until he lay with her; and Heracles lay with her on condition of receiving them.
Book 4 · §10–17
calling one of them Agathyrsos and the next Gelonos and the youngest Skythes
Book 4 · §10–17
Agathyrsos and Gelonos, not having proved themselves able to attain to the task set before them, departed from the land, being cast out by her who bore them
Book 4 · §10–17
from Skythes the son of Heracles were descended, they say, the succeeding kings of the Scythians (Skythians)
Book 4 · §10–17 · 📍 [[Proconnesos]]
Aristeas, who was in birth inferior to none of the citizens, entered into a fuller's shop in Proconnesos and there died; and the fuller closed his workshop and went away to report the matter to those who were related to the dead man.
Book 4 · §10–17 · 📍 [[Proconnesos]] · In the seventh year after this
In the seventh year after this he appeared at Proconnesos and composed those verses which are now called by the Hellenes the Arimaspeia, and having composed them he disappeared the second time.
Book 4 · §10–17 · 📍 [[Metapontion]] · two hundred and forty years after the second disappearance of Aristeas
The people of Metapontion say that Aristeas himself appeared in their land and bade them set up an altar of Apollo and place by its side a statue bearing the name of Aristeas of Proconnesos
Book 4 · §10–17 · 📍 [[Metapontion]] · two hundred and forty years after the second disappearance of Aristeas
Having said this he disappeared
Book 4 · §18–29
Scythians Royal Scythians
Above these in a direction towards the East dwell other Scythians, who have revolted from the Royal Scythians and so have come to this region.
Book 4 · §42–48
For this man had outraged a daughter of Zopyros the son of Megabyzos, a virgin;
Book 4 · §42–48
the mother of Sataspes, who was a sister of Dareios, entreated for his life, saying that she would herself lay upon him a greater penalty than Xerxes; for he should be compelled (she said) to sail round Libya, until in sailing round it he came to the Arabian gulf. So then Xerxes having agreed upon these terms,
Book 4 · §42–48 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
Sataspes went to Egypt, and obtaining a ship and sailors from the Egyptians, he sailed to the Pillars of Heracles; and having sailed through them and turned the point of Libya which is called the promontory of Soloeis, he sailed on towards the South. Then after he had passed over much sea in many months, as there was needed ever more and more voyaging, he turned about and sailed back again to Egypt:
Book 4 · §42–48 · 📍 [[Caspatyros]] · in the thirtieth month
These starting from the city of Caspatyros and the land of Pactyïke, sailed down the river towards the East and the sunrising to the sea; and then sailing over the sea Westwards they came in the thirtieth month to that place from whence the king of the Egyptians had sent out the Phenicians of whom I spoke before, to sail round Libya.
Book 4 · §42–48 · After these had made their voyage round the coast
After these had made their voyage round the coast, Dareios both subdued the Indians and made use of this sea.
Book 4 · §61–70 · Every year
Scythians
of all the enemies whom they take captive in war they sacrifice one man in every hundred
Book 4 · §61–70
Scythian
When a Scythian has slain his first man, he drinks some of his blood
Book 4 · §61–70
Scythian king
for if he has brought a head he shares in the spoil which they have taken, but otherwise not.
Book 4 · §61–70 · Once every year
Scythians
those of the Scythians drink by whom enemies have been slain; but those by whom this has not been done do not taste of the wine, but sit apart dishonoured
Book 4 · §61–70
king diviners
If then the greater number acquit the man, the sentence is that the first diviners shall themselves be put to death.
Book 4 · §61–70
king diviners
they fill a waggon with brushwood and yoke oxen to it; then having bound the feet of the diviners and tied their hands behind them and stopped their mouths with gags, they fasten them down in the middle of the brushwood, and having set fire to it they scare the oxen and let them go
Book 4 · §61–70
king
Now when the king puts any to death, he does not leave alive their sons either, but he puts to death all the males, not doing any hurt to the females.
Book 4 · §71–77 · 📍 [[Hylaia]]
And one of the Scythians perceived him doing this and declared it to Saulios the king; and the king came himself also, and when he saw Anacharsis doing this, he shot him with an arrow and killed him.
Book 4 · §85–94 · 📍 [[Bosphorus]]
he set up two pillars by it of white stone with characters cut upon them, on the one Assyrian and on the other Hellenic, being the names of all the nations which he was leading with him
Book 4 · §85–94 · After this
After this Dareios being pleased with the floating bridge rewarded the chief constructor of it, Mandrocles the Samian, with gifts tenfold
Book 4 · §85–94 · 📍 [[the temple of Hera]]
this he caused to be painted and dedicated it as an offering in the temple of Hera
Book 4 · §85–94 · 📍 [[Europe]]
Dareios, after he had rewarded Mandrocles with gifts, passed over into Europe
Book 4 · §85–94 · 📍 [[the Ister]] · first
having first commanded the Ionians to sail into the Pontus as far as the river Ister, and when they arrived at the Ister, there to wait for him, making a bridge meanwhile over the river
Book 4 · §85–94 · 📍 [[Thrace]] · meanwhile
Dareios meanwhile, having crossed the Bosphorus on the floating bridge, was advancing through Thrace
Book 4 · §85–94 · 📍 [[the river Tearos]]
Dareios then, having come to this river and having encamped there, was pleased with the river and set up a pillar there also
Book 4 · §85–94 · 📍 [[the river Artescos]]
he appointed a place for his army and bade every man as he passed out by it place one stone in this appointed place; and when the army had performed this, then he marched away his army leaving behind great mounds of these stones
Book 4 · §85–94 · 📍 [[Salmydessos]] · before he came to the Ister
the Thracians who occupy Salmydessos and are settled above the cities of Apollonian and Mesambria, called the Kyrmianai and the Nipsaioi, delivered themselves over to Dareios without fighting
Book 4 · §85–94 · before he came to the Ister
the Getai, who are the bravest and the most upright in their dealings of all the Thracians, having betaken themselves to obstinacy were forthwith subdued
Book 4 · §95–103 · 📍 [[Samos]]
[[Salmoxis]] Pythagoras Mnesarchos
he became a slave in Samos, and was in fact a slave of Pythagoras the son of Mnesarchos.
Book 4 · §95–103
[[Salmoxis]]
Then having become free he gained great wealth
Book 4 · §95–103 · afterwards
[[Salmoxis]]
and afterwards returned to his own land
Book 4 · §95–103
[[Salmoxis]]
prepared a banqueting-hall, where he received and feasted the chief men of the tribe and instructed them meanwhile that neither he himself nor his guests nor their descendants in succession after them would die; but that they would come to a place where they would live for ever and have all things good.
Book 4 · §95–103 · for three years
[[Salmoxis]]
he disappeared from among the Thracians and went down into the underground chamber, where he continued to live for three years
Book 4 · §95–103 · in the fourth year
[[Salmoxis]]
Then in the fourth year he appeared to the Thracians, and in this way the things which Salmoxis said became credible to them.
Book 4 · §95–103 · 📍 [[the Ister]]
Till then, since our resolve has thus been changed, guard the floating bridge, showing all diligence to keep it safe and to guard it.
Book 4 · §104–116 · one generation before the expedition of Dareios
Neuroi Budinoi
until at last being hard pressed they left their own land and settled among the Budinoi.
Book 4 · §104–116 · 📍 [[the Thermodon]]
Amazons Hellenes
the Hellenes, having conquered them in the battle at the Thermodon, were sailing away and conveying with them in three ships as many Amazons as they were able to take prisoners.
Book 4 · §104–116
Amazons Hellenes
These in the open sea set upon the men and cast them out of the ships; but they knew nothing about ships, nor how to use rudders or sails or oars, and after they had cast out the men they were driven about by wave and wind and came to that part of the Maiotian lake where Cremnoi stands;
Book 4 · §104–116
Amazons Scythians
There the Amazons disembarked from their ships and made their way into the country, and having met first with a troop of horses feeding they seized them, and mounted upon these they plundered the property of the Scythians.
Book 4 · §104–116
Scythians Amazons
They took counsel therefore and resolved by no means to go on trying to kill them, but to send against them the youngest men from among themselves, making conjecture of the number so as to send just as many men as there were women.
Book 4 · §104–116
Scythians Amazons
and after this they joined their camps and lived together, each man having for his wife her with whom he had had dealings at first;
Book 4 · §104–116
Scythians Amazons
The young men agreed and did this; and when they had obtained the share of the goods which belonged to them and had returned back to the Amazons,
Book 4 · §104–116 · 📍 [[Tanaïs]]
Scythians Amazons
The young men agreed to this also, and they crossed over the Tanaïs and made their way towards the rising sun for three days' journey from Tanaïs, and also towards the North Wind for three days' journey from the Maiotian lake: and having arrived at the place where they are now settled, they took up their abode there:
Book 4 · §117–124
the large one over which Idanthyrsos was king, and the third of which Taxakis was king, were to join together in one, with the Gelonians and the Budinoi added to them, and they also were to retire before the Persians one day's march in front of them
Book 4 · §117–124 · 📍 [[Scythia]]
all the waggons in which their children and their women lived they sent on, and with them all their cattle (leaving only so much as was sufficient to supply them with food), and charged them that they should proceed continually towards the North Wind.
Book 4 · §117–124 · 📍 [[Scythia]]
the Scythians whom he was pursuing came round by the upper parts and returned back to Scythia.
Book 4 · §135–142 · when night came on
Having thus instructed those who were left behind, and having kindled camp-fires, Dareios hastened by the quickest way towards the Ister:
Book 4 · §135–142 · when it was day
Scythians
they held out their hands in submission to the Scythians, telling them what their case was;
Book 4 · §135–142 · 📍 [[Ister]]
Scythians
Then having learnt that the Persians had not yet arrived, they said to the Ionians who were in the ships:
Book 4 · §135–142 · 📍 [[Ister]]
Scythians
Ionians, the days of your number are past, and ye are not acting uprightly in that ye yet remain waiting: but as ye stayed before from fear, so now break up the passage as quickly as ye may, and depart free and unhurt,
Book 4 · §135–142 · at the present time
Miltiades the Athenian on the one hand, who was commander and despot of the men of the Chersonese in Hellespont, was of opinion that they should follow the advice of the Scythians and set Ionia free:
Book 4 · §135–142 · at the present time
for he said that at the present time it was by means of Dareios that each one of them was ruling as despot over a city;
Book 4 · §135–142 · forthwith
Histiaios Daphnis Hippoclos Herophantos Metrodoros Aristagoras of Kyzicos Ariston Strattis Aiakes Laodamas Aristagoras of Kyme
forthwith all turned to this opinion, whereas at the first they were adopting that of Miltiades.
Book 4 · §135–142 · 📍 [[Ister]]
Histiaios Daphnis Hippoclos Herophantos Metrodoros Aristagoras of Kyzicos Ariston Strattis Aiakes Laodamas Aristagoras of Kyme
they resolved to add to it deeds and words as follows, namely to break up that part of the bridge which was on the side towards the Scythians, to break it up, I say, for a distance equal to the range of an arrow,
Book 4 · §135–142 · 📍 [[Ister]]
For, as ye see, we are breaking up the passage, and we shall show all zeal in our desire to be free:
Book 4 · §135–142 · for the second time
Scythians
The Scythians then, believing for the second time that the Ionians were speaking the truth, turned back to make search for the Persians,
Book 4 · §135–142 · 📍 [[Ister]] · by night
and as they arrived by night and found the bridge broken up, they were brought to the extreme of fear, lest the Ionians should have deserted them.
Book 4 · §135–142 · 📍 [[Ister]]
Histiaios, hearing the first hail, produced all the ships to carry the army over and also put together the bridge.
Book 4 · §135–142 · 📍 [[Ister]]
Thus the Persians escaped, and the Scythians in their search missed the Persians the second time also:
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Oäxos]]
She having come in afterwards, thought fit to be a stepmother to Phronime in deed as well as in name, giving her evil treatment and devising everything possible to her hurt; and at last she brings against her a charge of lewdness and persuades her husband that the truth is so.
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Thera]]
he received the girl and sailed away, and when he got out into the open sea, to free himself from blame as regards the oath which Etearchos had made him swear, he tied her on each side with ropes and let her down into the sea, and then drew her up and came to Thera.
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Thera]] · After that
After that, Polymnestos, a man of repute among the Theraians, received Phronime from him and kept her as his concubine
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Thera]] · in course of time
and in course of time there was born to him from her a son with an impediment in his voice and lisping, to whom, as both Theraians and Kyrenians say, was given the name Battos
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · when he had grown to be a man
For when he had grown to be a man, he came to Delphi to inquire about his voice; and when he asked, the prophetess thus answered him:
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Thera]] · After this
Thus saying he did not at all persuade her to give him any other reply; and as she was prophesying to him again the same things as before, Battos departed while she was yet speaking, and went away to Thera.
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · After this
and the Pythian prophetess gave them reply that if they joined with Battos in founding Kyrene in Libya, they would fare the better.
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Platea]] · After this
and then came away back to Thera, for they did not know what else to do: and the Theraians pelted them with missiles when they endeavoured to land, and would not allow them to put to shore, but bade them sail back again.
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Platea]]
They accordingly being compelled sailed away back, and they made a settlement in an island lying near the coast of Libya, called, as was said before, Platea.
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · after two years
and the Pythian prophetess made answer to them thus:
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Aziris]] · after two years
and having arrived at the island and taken up him whom they had left, they made a settlement in Libya itself at a spot opposite the island, called Aziris
Book 4 · §151–158 · 📍 [[Irasa]] · in the seventh year
So the Libyans led them from that place making them start towards evening; and in order that the Hellenes might not see the fairest of all the regions as they passed through it, they led them past it by night, having calculated the time of daylight; and this region is called Irasa.
Book 4 · §159–166 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
In consequence of this and because they laid the blame of it upon Apries, the Egyptians revolted from him.
Book 4 · §159–166 · 📍 [[Libya]] · when he became king
Arkesilaos son of Battos Battos
until they finally departed to another region of Libya, and making the venture for themselves founded that city which was then and is now called Barca; and at the same time as they founded this, they induced the Libyans to revolt from the Kyrenians.
Book 4 · §159–166 · 📍 [[Leucon in Libya]] · After this
Accordingly they engaged battle and defeated the Kyrenians so utterly that seven thousand hoplites of the Kyrenians fell there.
Book 4 · §159–166 · After this disaster
Arkesilaos son of Battos Haliarchos
After this disaster Arkesilaos, being sick and having swallowed a potion, was strangled by his brother Haliarchos
Book 4 · §159–166
and Haliarchos was killed treacherously by the wife of Arkesilaos, whose name was Eryxo.
Book 4 · §159–166 · Then
Then Battos the son of Arkesilaos succeeded to the kingdom, who was lame and not sound in his feet:
Book 4 · §159–166 · 📍 [[Kyrene]]
Then secondly for the king Battos he set apart domains of land and priesthoods, but all the other powers which the kings used to possess before, he assigned as of public right to the people.
Book 4 · §159–166 · 📍 [[Samos]] · After this
Arkesilaos son of Battos the Lame Pheretime
After this, stirring up strife he was worsted and went as an exile to Samos, and his mother to Salamis in Cyprus.
Book 4 · §159–166 · 📍 [[Kyrene]] · having taken to him those in Samos
Arkesilaos son of Battos the Lame
Thus the Pythian prophetess gave answer to Arkesilaos; and he, having taken to him those in Samos, made his return to Kyrene; and when he had got possession of the power
Book 4 · §159–166 · 📍 [[Kyrene]] · after having got possession of the power
Arkesilaos son of Battos the Lame
Of these some escaped out of the country altogether, but some Arkesilaos got into his power and sent them away to Cyprus to be put to death.
Book 4 · §159–166
Arkesilaos son of Battos the Lame Aglomachos
Some others however of the Kyrenians fled to a great tower belonging to Aglomachos a private citizen, and Arkesilaos burnt them by piling up brushwood round.
Book 4 · §159–166 · 📍 [[Barca]] · Then
Arkesilaos son of Battos the Lame Alazeir
to him he came, and men of Barca together with certain of the exiles from Kyrene, perceiving him going about in the market-place, killed him, and also besides him his father-in-law Alazeir.
Book 4 · §159–166 · 📍 [[Kyrene]] · so long as Arkesilaos having worked evil for himself dwelt at Barca
Pheretime Arkesilaos son of Battos the Lame
herself held the royal power of her son at Kyrene, both exercising his other rights and also sitting in council:
Book 4 · §159–166 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · when she heard that her son had been slain in Barca
but when she heard that her son had been slain in Barca, she departed and fled to Egypt:
Book 4 · §167–179 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · at the time of which I speak
Aryandes Pheretime Amasis Badres
Aryandes had compassion on Pheretime and gave her all the troops that were in Egypt, both the land and the sea forces, appointing Amasis a Maraphian to command the land-army and Badres, of the race of the Pasargadai, to command the fleet
Book 4 · §167–179 · 📍 [[Barca]]
Aryandes despatched a herald to Barca and asked who it was who had killed Arkesilaos
Book 4 · §167–179 · 📍 [[lake Tritonis]]
having first uttered a prophecy over the tripod and having declared to Jason and his company the whole matter, namely that whensoever one of the descendants of those who sailed with him in the Argo should carry away this tripod, then it was determined by fate that a hundred cities of Hellenes should be established about the lake Tritonis.
Book 4 · §180–188 · 📍 [[lake Tritonis]] · At a yearly festival of Athene
At a yearly festival of Athene their maidens take their stand in two parties and fight against one another with stones and staves, and they say that in doing so they are fulfilling the rites handed down by their fathers for the divinity who was sprung from that land, whom we call Athene:
Book 4 · §189–199
Hellenes Libyans
The Hellenes learnt from the Libyans also the yoking together of four horses.
Book 4 · §189–199
Libyans king of the Medes
of these the greater number neither now pay any regard to the king of the Medes nor did they then.
Book 4 · §200–205 · 📍 [[Barca]] · nine months
Then they besieged Barca for nine months, both digging underground passages which led to the wall and making vigorous attacks upon it.
Book 4 · §200–205 · 📍 [[Barca]] · at last
and at last they agreed to make a treaty: and the treaty they made with one another was taken over the hidden trench
Book 4 · §200–205 · 📍 [[Barca]]
Pheretime impaled in a ring round about the wall; and she cut off the breasts of their wives
Book 4 · §200–205 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · as soon as she had returned from Libya to Egypt
she died an evil death, having become suddenly full of worms while yet alive
Book 5 · §1–11 · 📍 [[Perinthos]]
Then after Perinthos had been conquered, Megabazos marched his army through the length of Thracia, forcing every city and every race of those who dwell there to submit to the king
Book 5 · §1–11 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · so soon as he had crossed over the Hellespont and come to Sardis
Dareios, so soon as he had crossed over the Hellespont and come to Sardis, called to mind the service rendered to him by Histiaios the Milesian and also the advice of the Mytilenian Coës, and having sent for them to come to Sardis he offered them a choice of rewards.
Book 5 · §1–11 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
Histiaios then, being despot of Miletos, did not make request for any government in addition to that, but he asked for the district of Myrkinos which belonged to the Edonians, desiring there to found a city.
Book 5 · §1–11 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
but Coës, not being a despot but a man of the people, asked to be made despot of Mitylene.
Book 5 · §12–19 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · at this same time
Then Dareios wrote a letter to Megabazos, whom he had left to command his army in Thrace, bidding him remove the Paionians from their place of habitation and bring them to the king, both themselves and their children and their wives.
Book 5 · §12–19 · 📍 [[Paionia]]
and passing unperceived by the Paionians they fell upon their cities, which were left without men, and finding them without defenders they easily took possession of them.
Book 5 · §12–19 · 📍 Asia
The Paionians when they heard that their cities were in the hands of the enemy, at once dispersed, each tribe to its own place of abode, and proceeded to deliver themselves up to the Persians. Thus then it happened that these tribes of the Paionians, namely the Siropaionians, the Paioplians and all up to the lake Prasias, were removed from their place of habitation and brought to Asia;
Book 5 · §12–19 · 📍 [[lake Prasias]]
but those who dwell about mount Pangaion, and about the Doberians and Agrianians and Odomantians, and about the lake Prasias itself, were not conquered at all by Megabazos.
Book 5 · §12–19 · 📍 [[Macedonia]] · meanwhile
and Megabazos meanwhile, after he had conquered the Paionians, sent as envoys to Macedonia seven Persians, who after himself were the men of most repute in the army. These were being sent to Amyntas to demand of him earth and water for Dareios the king.
Book 5 · §12–19 · 📍 [[Macedonia]] · when dinner was over
So Amyntas being compelled bade them sit by the side of the Persians; and when the women obeyed, forthwith the Persians, being much intoxicated, began to touch their breasts, and some no doubt also tried to kiss them.
Book 5 · §20–28
Having thus said Alexander caused a Macedonian man in the guise of a woman to sit by each Persian, and they, when the Persians attempted to lay hands on them, slew them.
Book 5 · §20–28 · in no long time
Alexander (son of Amyntas) Bubares Gygaia
Afterwards in no long time a great search was made by the Persians for these men, and Alexander stopped them with cunning by giving large sums of money and his own sister, whose name was Gygaia;--by giving, I say, these things to Bubares a Persian, commander of those who were searching for the men who had been killed, Alexander stopped their search.
Book 5 · §20–28 · 📍 [[Olympia]]
since however Alexander proved that he was of Argos, he was judged to be a Hellene, and when he entered the contest of the foot-race his lot came out with that of the first.
Book 5 · §20–28 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
having appointed Artaphrenes his own brother and the son of his father to be governor of Sardis, he marched away to Susa taking with him Histiaios, after he had first named Otanes to be commander of those who dwelt along the sea coasts.
Book 5 · §20–28
and he conquered Antandros in the land of Troas, and Lamponion; and having received ships from the Lesbians he conquered Lemnos and Imbros, which were both at that time still inhabited by Pelasgians.
Book 5 · §20–28 · 📍 [[Lemnos]] · till his death
and over those of them who survived the Persians set as governor Lycaretos the brother of that Maiandrios who had been king of Samos. This Lycaretos ruled in Lemnos till his death.
Book 5 · §20–28 · 📍 [[Lemnos]]
he continued to reduce all to slavery and subdue them, accusing some of desertion to the Scythians and others of doing damage to the army of Dareios as it was coming back from Scythia.
Book 5 · §36–44 · at the same time
He took counsel therefore with his partisans, declaring to them both his own opinion and the message from Histiaios; and while all the rest expressed an opinion to the same effect, urging him namely to make revolt
Book 5 · §36–44 · 📍 [[Myus]]
So Iatragoras was sent for this purpose and seized by craft Oliatos the son of Ibanollis of Mylasa, and Histiaios the son of Tymnes of Termera, and Coës the son of Erxander, to whom Dareios had given Mytilene as a gift, and Aristagoras the son of Heracleides of Kyme, and many others
Book 5 · §36–44 · 📍 [[Miletos]]
and then Aristagoras openly made revolt and devised all that he could to the hurt of Dareios. And first he pretended to resign the despotic power and give to Miletos equality
Book 5 · §36–44 · 📍 [[Ionia]] · then afterwards
then afterwards he proceeded to do this same thing in the rest of Ionia also; and some of the despots he drove out, but those whom he had taken from the ships which had sailed with him to Naxis, these he surrendered
Book 5 · §36–44 · 📍 [[Mitylene]] · so soon as they received Coës into their hands
Now the men of Mitylene, so soon as they received Coës into their hands, brought him out and stoned him to death
Book 5 · §36–44 · Thus then
Thus then the despots were deposed in the various cities; and Aristagoras the Milesian, after having deposed the despots, bade each people appoint commanders in their several cities
Book 5 · §36–44 · 📍 [[Lacedemon]] · then
and then himself set forth as an envoy to Lacedemon; for in truth it was necessary that he should find out some powerful alliance.
Book 5 · §36–44 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · Now at Sparta
Now at Sparta Anaxandrides the son of Leon was no longer surviving as king, but had brought his life to an end; and Cleomenes the son of Anaxandrides was holding the royal power, not having obtained it by merit but by right of birth.
Book 5 · §36–44
He made answer saying that he would do neither of these two things, and that they did not give him honourable counsel
Book 5 · §36–44 · When they spoke to him after this manner
When they spoke to him after this manner, Anaxandrides consented, having two wives, a thing which was not by any means after the Spartan fashion.
Book 5 · §36–44 · Then when no long time had elapsed
Then when no long time had elapsed, the wife who had come in afterwards bore this Cleomenes of whom we spoke
Book 5 · §36–44 · just when she was bringing to the light an heir to the kingdom of the Spartans
and she bore Dorieos
Book 5 · §36–44 · after him at once
Anaxandrides Leonidas Cleombrotos
and then straightway conceived Leonidas and after him at once Cleombrotos
Book 5 · §36–44 · 📍 [[Kinyps]] · in the third year
but afterwards in the third year he was driven out from thence by the Macai and the Libyans and the Carthaginians, and returned to Peloponnesus.
Book 5 · §36–44 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
and the Pythian prophetess replied to him that he would conquer it.
Book 5 · §52–62 · in the night before the Panathenaia
Aristogeiton Harmodios Hipparchos
when Hipparchos the son of Peisistratos and brother of the despot Hippias, after seeing a vision of a dream which signified it to him plainly, had been slain by Aristogeiton and Harmodios
Book 5 · §52–62 · after the death of Hipparchos
When Hippias was despot and was dealing harshly with the Athenians because of the death of Hipparchos
Book 5 · §52–62 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · then
Aristagoras then being driven out of Sparta proceeded to Athens
Book 5 · §52–62 · 📍 [[Boeotia]]
these Phenicians who came with Cadmos, of whom were the Gephyraians, brought in among the Hellenes many arts when they settled in this land of Boeotia, and especially letters
Book 5 · §52–62 · 📍 [[Leipsydrion]] · after that
Alcmaionidai
after they had fortified Leipsydrion which is above Paionia,--these Alomaionidai after that, still devising every means against the sons of Peisistratos
Book 5 · §52–62 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · after that
Alcmaionidai
accepted the contract to build and complete the temple at Delphi
Book 5 · §52–62 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
Alcmaionidai
they built the front parts of it in Parian marble
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
persuaded the Pythian prophetess by gifts of money, that whenever men of the Spartans should come to inquire of the Oracle, either privately or publicly sent, she should propose to them to set Athens free.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Phaleron]]
Anchimolios Aster Peisistratos
who falling upon it slew (besides many others of the Lacedemonians) Anchimolios himself also:
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Attica]] · After this
Cleomenes Anaxandrides Peisistratos
After this the Lacedemonians equipped a larger expedition and sent it forth against Athens; and they appointed to be commander of the army their king Cleomenes the son of Anaxandrides, and sent it this time not by sea but by land.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Attica]]
Then Cleomenes came to the city together with those of the Athenians who desired to be free, and began to besiege the despots shut up in the Pelasgian wall.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Attica]] · at this time
for the children of the sons of Peisistratos were captured, while being secretly removed out of the country:
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Attica]] · After this
and they surrendered receiving back their children on the terms which the Athenians desired, namely that they should depart out of Attica within five days.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Sigeion]] · After this
After this they departed out of the country and went to Sigeion on the Scamander, after their family had ruled over the Athenians for six-and-thirty years.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Athens]] · then
Cleisthenes (Athens) Alcmaion Isagoras Tisander
These men came to party strife for power; and then Cleisthenes was being worsted in the struggle, he made common cause with the people.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Athens]] · After this
After this he caused the Athenians to be in ten tribes, who were formerly in four; and he changed the names by which they were called after the sons of Ion, namely Geleon, Aigicoreus, Argades, and Hoples, and invented for them names taken from other heroes, all native Athenians except Ajax, whom he added as a neighbour and ally, although he was no Athenian.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Sikyon]]
So having come to Delphi he consulted the Oracle as to whether he should cast out Adrastos; and the Pythian prophetess answered him saying that Adrastos was king of the Sikyonians, whereas he was a stoner of them.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Sikyon]]
Cleisthenes (Sikyon) Melanippos Astacos Adrastos Mekisteus Tydeus
So since the god did not permit him to do this, he went away home and considered means by which Adrastos should be brought to depart of his own accord: and when he thought that he had discovered them, he sent to Thebes in Boeotia and said that he desired to introduce into his city Melanippos the son of Astacos, and the Thebans gave him leave. So Cleisthenes introduced Melanippos into his city, and appointed for him a sacred enclosure within the precincts of the City Hall itself, and established him there in the strongest position.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Sikyon]]
Cleisthenes (Sikyon) Adrastos Melanippos
and when he had appointed the sacred enclosure for him, he took away the sacrifices and festivals of Adrastos and gave them to Melanippos.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Sikyon]]
Cleisthenes however gave back the choruses to Dionysos, and the other rites besides this he gave to Melannipos.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Sikyon]]
and he also changed the names of the Dorian tribes, in order that the Sikyonians might not have the same tribes as the Argives;
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Sikyon]] · for sixty years after his death
then however they considered the matter and changed them into Hylleis, Pamphyloi, and Dymanatai, adding to these a fourth, to which they gave the name Aigialeis after Aigialeus the son of Adrastos.
Book 5 · §63–69 · 📍 [[Athens]] · at the time of which we speak
he changed the names of the tribes and made them more in number than they had been; he made in fact ten rulers of tribes instead of four, and by tens also he distributed the demes in the tribes; and having added the common people to his party he was much superior to his opponents.
Book 5 · §78–86 · after this
they sent forthwith and asked the men of Egina to help them, calling upon them in accordance with the oracle
Book 5 · §78–86 · 📍 [[Attica]] · then
the Eginetans, exalted by great prosperity and calling to mind an ancient grudge against the Athenians, then on the request of the Thebans commenced a war against the Athenians without notice: for while the Athenians were intent on the Boeotians, they sailed against them to Attica with ships of war, and they devastated Phaleron and also many demes in the remainder of the coast region
Book 5 · §78–86 · 📍 [[Epidauros]] · after this time
after this time they built for themselves ships and made revolt from the Epidaurians, moved thereto by wilfulness.
Book 5 · §78–86 · 📍 [[Oia]] · especially
they stole away from them these images of Damia and Auxesia, and they brought them and set them up in the inland part of their country at a place called Oia
Book 5 · §78–86 · after this
So the Athenians sent to Egina and demanded the images back; but the Eginetans said that they had nothing to do with the Athenians.
Book 5 · §87–92 · 📍 [[Sigeion]] · At this time
they sent for Hippias the son of Peisistratos to come from Sigeion on the Hellespont
Book 5 · §87–92 · 📍 [[Athens]] · At this time
we will try now to take vengeance on them, going thither together with you; since it was for this very purpose that we sent for Hippias, whom ye see here, and for you also, to come from your cities, in order that with common counsel and a common force we might conduct him to Athens and render back to him that which we formerly took away.
Book 5 · §93–94 · 📍 [[Corinth]]
a two-edged answer was given him at Delphi, placing trust in which he made an attempt upon Corinth and obtained possession of it.
Book 5 · §93–94 · 📍 [[Corinth]]
when he became despot was a man of this character,--many of the Corinthians he drove into exile, many he deprived of their wealth, and very many more of their lives.
Book 5 · §93–94 · 📍 [[Corinth]] · after he had had dealings through messengers with Thrasybulos
So Periander, understanding that which had been done and perceiving that Thrasybulos counselled him to put to death those who were eminent among his subjects, began then to display all manner of evil treatment to the citizens of the State
Book 5 · §93–94 · 📍 [[Corinth]] · In one day
And in one day he stripped all the wives of the Corinthians of their clothing on account of his own wife Melissa.
Book 5 · §93–94
Socles being the envoy of Corinth thus spoke, and Hippias made answer to him, calling to witness the same gods as he, that assuredly the Corinthians would more than all others regret the loss of the sons of Peisistratos, when the appointed days should have come for them to be troubled by the Athenians.
Book 5 · §93–94
the rest of the allies, who for a time had restrained themselves and kept silence, when they heard Socles speak freely, gave utterance every one of them to that which they felt, and adopted the opinion of the Corinthian envoy, adjuring the Lacedemonians not to do any violence to a city of Hellas.
Book 5 · §93–94 · 📍 [[Sigeion]] · Thus was this brought to an end
He however accepted neither of these, but retired again to Sigeion
Book 5 · §93–94 · 📍 [[Sigeion]]
Peisistratos had taken by force of arms from the Mytilenians, and having got possession of it, had appointed his own natural son Hegesistratos, born of an Argive woman, to be despot of it
Book 5 · §93–94 · 📍 [[Sigeion]]
he however did not without a struggle keep possession of that which he received from Peisistratos
Book 5 · §93–94 · 📍 [[Achilleion]] · for a long time
the Mytilenians and Athenians carried on war for a long time, having their strongholds respectively at Achilleion and at Sigeion, the one side demanding that the place be restored to them, and the Athenians on the other hand not admitting this demand
Book 5 · §95–103 · 📍 [[Sigeion]] · once when a fight took place
Alcaios the poet, taking to flight, escaped indeed himself, but the Athenians retained possession of his arms and hung them up on the walls of the temple of Athene which is at Sigeion.
Book 5 · §95–103 · Finally
Finally Periander the son of Kypselos made peace between the Athenians and the Mytilenians, for to him they referred the matter as arbitrator; and he made peace between them on the condition that each should continue to occupy that territory which they then possessed.
Book 5 · §95–103 · 📍 [[Athens]]
The Athenians then, I say, being persuaded, voted a resolution to despatch twenty ships to help the Ionians, and appointed to command them Melanthios one of their citizens, who was in all things highly reputed.
Book 5 · §95–103 · 📍 [[Phrygia]]
Aristagoras the despot of Miletos sent me to offer to you salvation, if ye shall be willing to do as he says: for now all Ionia has revolted from the king and ye have an opportunity of coming safe to your own land
Book 5 · §95–103 · 📍 [[Miletos]]
On this march he did not go himself, but remained at Miletos and appointed others to be in command of the Milesians, namely his brother Charopinos
Book 5 · §95–103 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
they took Sardis without any resistance, all except the citadel, but the citadel Artaphrenes himself saved from capture, having with him a considerable force of men.
Book 5 · §95–103 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
Sardis was then destroyed by fire, and in it also the temple of the native goddess Hybebe
Book 5 · §95–103 · after the battle
after the battle the Athenians left the Ionians together, and when Aristagoras was urgent in calling upon them by messengers for assistance, they said that they would not help them
Book 5 · §95–103 · 📍 [[Byzantion]] · then
They sailed moreover to the Hellespont and brought under their power Byzantion and all the other cities which are in those parts
Book 5 · §95–103 · 📍 [[Caria]] · then
and then having sailed forth out of the Hellespont, they gained in addition the most part of Caria to be in alliance with them: for even Caunos, which before was not willing to be their ally, then, after they had burnt Sardis, was added to them also.
Book 5 · §104–111 · 📍 [[Salamis]]
Onesilos was ruler of Salamis and endeavoured to persuade all the men of Cyprus to join him in revolt.
Book 5 · §104–111 · 📍 [[Amathus]]
but since those of Amathus were not willing to do as he desired, he sat down before their city and besieged it.
Book 5 · §104–111
Dareios was persuaded and let him go, charging him, when he should have accomplished that which he had promised, to return to him again at Susa.
Book 5 · §104–111 · 📍 [[Amathus]] · In the meantime
Being informed of this, Onesilos sent heralds to different places in Ionia to summon the Ionians to his assistance
Book 5 · §104–111 · 📍 [[Cyprus]] · just at the time when the Persians having crossed over in ships from Kilikia were proceeding by land to attack Salamis
Now the Ionians arrived in Cyprus just at the time when the Persians having crossed over in ships from Kilikia were proceeding by land to attack Salamis
Book 5 · §112–125
Stesenor the despot of Curion deserted them, having with him a large force of men,
Book 5 · §112–125
Onesilos Chersis Aristokypros Philokypros
many others fell and among them Onesilos the son of Chersis, he who brought about the revolt of the Cyprians, and also the king of the Solians, Aristokypros the son of Philokypros
Book 5 · §112–125 · 📍 [[Amathus]]
So the men of Amathus cut off the head of Onesilos, because he had besieged them; and having brought it to Amathus they hung it over the gate of the city:
Book 5 · §112–125 · 📍 [[Amathus]]
they received an answer bidding them take it down and bury it and sacrifice to Onesilos every year as a hero;
Book 5 · §112–125 · after they had pursued those Ionians
Daurises Dareios Hymaies Otanes
after they had pursued those Ionians who had made the expedition to Sardis and defeating them in battle had driven them by force to their ships,--after this distributed the cities amongst themselves and proceeded to sack them.
Book 5 · §112–125 · 📍 [[Dardanos and Abydos and Percote and Lampsacos and Paisos]]
he took Dardanos and Abydos and Percote and Lampsacos and Paisos
Book 5 · §112–125 · Then
Then the Carians dismissed the plans which they were before considering and prepared to renew the war again from the beginning: and when the Persians came to attack them, they engaged with them and fought a battle, and they were worsted yet more completely than before;
Book 5 · §112–125 · 📍 [[by Pedasos]] · by night
Daurises Myrsos Gyges Heracleides Ibanollis
the Persians falling into it by night were destroyed both they and their commanders, namely Daurises and Amorges and Sisimakes; and with them died also Myrsos the son of Gyges.
Book 5 · §112–125 · 📍 [[the land of Troas]]
While conquering these tribes Hymaies himself ended his life by sickness in the land of Troas.
Book 5 · §126–126 · 📍 [[Miletos]]
He therefore entrusted the government of Miletos to Pythagoras, a man of repute among the citizens
Book 5 · §126–126 · 📍 [[Thrace]]
and he himself sailed away to Thrace, taking with him every one who desired to go; and he took possession of the region for which he had set out.
Book 5 · §126–126
he perished by the hands of the Thracians, that is both Aristagoras himself and his army
Book 6 · §12–21 · 📍 [[Samos]]
the commanders of the Samians then at length accepted from Aiakes the son of Syloson those proposals which Aiakes sent before at the bidding of the Persians, asking them to leave the alliance of the Ionians
Book 6 · §12–21 · 📍 [[Samos]]
Aiakes (son of Syloson) Aristagoras
being despot of Samos he had been deprived of his rule by Aristagoras the Milesian
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[Daskyleion]] · even before the time when the Phenicians sailed in
for the men of Kyzicos even before the time when the Phenicians sailed in had submitted to the king of their own accord, and had made terms with Oibares the son of Megabazos, the Persian governor at Daskyleion.
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[Athens]] · at that time
Miltiades when he heard it was at once disposed to agree, because he was vexed by the rule of Peisistratos and desired to be removed out of the way.
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[the Chersonese]]
Miltiades the son of Kypselos, who had before this been victor at Olympia with a four-horse chariot, now taking with him of the Athenians everyone who desired to share in the expedition, sailed with the Dolonkians and took possession of the land: and they who had invited him to come to them made him despot over them.
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[the Chersonese]]
First then he made a wall across the isthmus of the Chersonese from the city of Cardia to Pactye, in order that the Apsinthians might not be able to invade the land and do them damage.
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[Lampsacos]]
Miltiades son of Kypselos Croesus
Then when the people of Lampsacos were perplexed in their counsels as to what that saying should mean with which Croesus had threatened them, namely that he would destroy them utterly like a pine-tree, at length one of the elder men with difficulty perceived the truth, and said that a pine alone of all trees when it has been cut down does not put forth any further growth but perishes, being utterly destroyed. The people of Lampsacos therefore fearing Croesus loosed Miltiades and let him go.
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[the Chersonese]] · afterwards
Miltiades son of Kypselos Stesagoras
He then escaped by means of Croesus, but afterwards he brought his life to an end leaving no son to succeed him, but passing over his rule and his possessions to Stesagoras, who was the son of Kimon, his brother on the mother's side:
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[the City Hall]] · After this
Stesagoras
and it happened to Stesagoras also that he died without leaving a son, having been struck on the head with an axe in the City Hall by a man who pretended to be a deserter, but who proved himself to be in fact an enemy and a rather hot one moreover.
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[the Chersonese]] · Then after Stesagoras also had ended his life in this manner
Miltiades son of Kimon and brother of that Stesagoras who was dead, was sent in a trireme to the Chersonese to take possession of the government by the sons of Peisistratos
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[the Chersonese]] · when they had come
and when they had come they were laid in bonds by him.
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[the Chersonese]]
Miltiades son of Kimon Hegesipyle Oloros
Miltiades then was in possession of the Chersonese, supporting a body of five hundred mercenary troops; and he married the daughter of Oloros the king of the Thracians, who was named Hegesipyle.
Book 6 · §32–40 · 📍 [[the Chersonese]] · two years before this
Miltiades had not awaited their attack but had become a fugitive from the Chersonese, until at last the Scythians departed and the Dolonkians brought him back again.
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Imbros]]
while Miltiades himself with four of his ships escaped to Imbros
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[the Chersonese]]
Miltiades son of Kimon Metiochos
the fifth of his ships was captured in the pursuit by the Phenicians. Of this ship it chanced that Metiochos the eldest of the sons of Miltiades was in command
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Athens]] · meanwhile
Miltiades meanwhile came from Imbros to Athens.
Book 6 · §42–49 · at the beginning of the spring
Mardonios the son of Gobryas came down to the sea, bringing with him a very large land-army and a very large naval force, being a young man and lately married to Artozostra daughter of king Dareios.
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Ionia]]
Mardonios deposed all the despots of the Ionians and established popular governments in the cities.
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Thasos]] · in the first place
in the first place they subdued with their ships the Thasians, who did not even raise a hand to defend themselves
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Macedonia]]
then with the land-army they gained the Macedonians to be their servants in addition to those whom they had already
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Mount Athos]] · as they sailed round
there fell upon them a violent North Wind, against which they could do nothing, and handled them very roughly, casting away very many of their ships on Mount Athos.
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Macedonia]] · in the night
the land-army while encamping in Macedonia were attacked in the night by the Brygian Thracians, and many of them were slain by the Brygians and Mardonios himself was wounded.
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Macedonia]]
Mardonios did not depart from that region until he had made them subject.
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Abdera]] · In the next year after this
Dareios first sent a messenger to the men of Thasos, who had been accused by their neighbours of planning revolt, and bade them take away the wall around their town and bring their ships to Abdera.
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Abdera]]
the Thasians on the command of the king both razed their walls and brought all their ships to Abdera.
Book 6 · §42–49 · 📍 [[Hellas]] · After this
After this Dareios began to make trial of the Hellenes, what they meant to do, whether to make war with him or to deliver themselves up. He sent abroad heralds therefore, and appointed them to go some to one place and others to another throughout Hellas, bidding them demand earth and water for the king.
Book 6 · §50–57 · 📍 Egina
Cleomenes Crios (son of Polycritos)
but as he was attempting to seize them, certain of the Eginetans opposed him, and among them especially Crios the son of Polycritos
Book 6 · §50–57 · after no long time
Aristodemos Argeia Eurysthenes Procles
Then after no long time the wife of Aristodemos, whose name was Argeia,--she was the daughter, they say, of Autesion, the son of Tisamenes, the son of Thersander, the son of Polyneikes,--she, it is said, brought forth twins;
Book 6 · §50–57 · then
and Aristodemos lived but to see his children and then ended his life by sickness.
Book 6 · §50–57 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
And the Pythian prophetess bade them regard both children as their kings, but honour most the first in age.
Book 6 · §50–57
They took therefore the child which was honoured by its mother and brought it up as the first-born in the public hall, and to it was given the name of Eurysthenes, while the other was called Procles.
Book 6 · §58–65 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · Afterwards when she came to the age for marriage
Afterwards when she came to the age for marriage, she was married to Agetos the son of Alkeides
Book 6 · §58–65 · 📍 [[Sparta]]
Thus had Ariston brought into his house the third wife, having dismissed the second
Book 6 · §58–65 · in a shorter period of time
this wife, not having fulfilled the ten months but in a shorter period of time, bore him that Demaratos
Book 6 · §58–65
Leotychides had betrothed himself to Percalos the daughter of Chilon son of Demarmenos
Book 6 · §58–65 · beforehand
Demaratos Leotychides Percalos
Demaratos plotted against him and deprived Leotychides of his marriage, carrying off Percalos himself beforehand, and getting her for his wife.
Book 6 · §58–65 · now
Cleomenes then, being anxious to take vengeance on him, concerted matters with Leotychides the son of Menares, the son of Agis, who was of the same house as Demaratos, under condition that if he should set him up as king instead of Demaratos, he would go with him against the Eginetans.
Book 6 · §58–65 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · now
Leotychides deposed against Demaratos, saying that he was not rightfully reigning over the Spartans, not being a son of Ariston
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Sparta]]
After he had been deposed from the kingdom Demaratos was holding a public office to which he had been elected.
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · on the third night
Thus, my son, thou hast all, as much as thou desirest to learn; for either thou art begotten of this hero and the hero Astrabacos is thy father, or Ariston is thy father, for on that night I conceived thee:
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Elis]]
Thus she spoke; and he, having learnt that which he desired to learn, took supplies for travelling and set forth to go to Elis, pretending that he was going to Delphi to consult the Oracle:
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Zakynthos]]
and it chanced that before they came Demaratos had passed over to Zakynthos from Elis;
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Zakynthos]] · Afterwards
and the Lacedemonians crossing over after him laid hands on his person and carried away his attendants from him.
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · Demaratos being deposed
Demaratos being deposed, Leotychides the son of Menares succeeded to the kingdom;
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Sparta]]
Zeuxidemos Leotychides Archidemos
This Zeuxidemos did not become king of Sparta, for he died before Leotychides, leaving a son Archidemos:
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · having lost Zeuxidemos
Leotychides Eurydame Menios Diactorides Lampito
and Leotychides having lost Zeuxidemos married a second wife Eurydame, the sister of Menios and daughter of Diactorides, by whom he had no male issue, but a daughter Lampito,
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Sparta]]
Archidemos Lampito Leotychides Zeuxidemos
whom Archidemos the son of Zeuxidemos took in marriage, she being given to him by Leotychides.
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Thessaly]]
and when he might have reduced all to subjection, he accepted gifts of money amounting to a large sum; and being taken in the act there in the camp, as he was sitting upon a glove full of money, he was brought to trial and banished from Sparta,
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Tegea]]
and his house was razed to the ground. So he went into exile to Tegea and ended his life there.
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Attica]] · at this time
Cleomenes Leotychides Crios (son of Polycritos) Polycritos (father of Crios) Casambos Aristocrates
and the Spartans selected ten men who were the most considerable among the Eginetans both by wealth and by birth, and took them away as prisoners, and among others also Crios the son of Polycritos and Casambos the son of Aristocrates, who had the greatest power among them; and having taken these away to the land of Attica, they deposited them as a charge with the Athenians, who were the bitterest enemies of the Eginetans.
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Thessaly]] · After this
After this Cleomenes, since it had become known that he had devised evil against Demaratos, was seized by fear of the Spartans and retired to Thessaly.
Book 6 · §66–74 · 📍 [[Arcadia]] · Thence
Thence he came to Arcadia, and began to make mischief and to combine the Arcadians against Sparta;
Book 6 · §75–83 · 📍 [[Sparta]]
but when he had come back, forthwith a disease of madness seized him
Book 6 · §75–83 · 📍 [[Argos]]
as the Argives were getting breakfast according to the herald's proclamation, they attacked them; and many of them they slew
Book 6 · §75–83 · 📍 [[Argos]]
So Cleomenes summoned forth about fifty of the Argives one by one and slew them
Book 6 · §75–83 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · after his return
Thus speaking he seemed to the Spartans to speak credibly and reasonably, and he easily escaped his pursuers.
Book 6 · §84–90 · when the Eginetans heard that Cleomenes had met his end
Now when the Eginetans heard that Cleomenes had met his end
Book 6 · §84–90 · Then when the Eginetans were about to take Leotychides
Hearing this the Eginetans abstained from taking him
Book 6 · §84–90 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · after a long time had gone by
Glaucos then, having sent for the Milesians, gave back to them the money
Book 6 · §84–90 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · At the present time
At the present time there is no descendant of Glaucos existing, nor any hearth which is esteemed to be that of Glaucos, but he has been utterly destroyed and rooted up out of Sparta.
Book 6 · §84–90 · 📍 Egina · before this
this man had cause of complaint against the Eginetans for having before this driven him forth out of the island
Book 6 · §84–90 · 📍 Egina · now
he agreed with the Athenians to deliver up Egina to them, telling them on what day he would make his attempt and by what day it would be necessary for them to come to his assistance.
Book 6 · §84–90 · 📍 Egina · After this
After this Nicodromos, according as he had agreed with the Athenians, seized that which is called the old city
Book 6 · §84–90 · 📍 Egina · meanwhile
Nicodromos meanwhile, as the Athenians did not come to his support at the proper time, embarked in a ship and escaped from Egina
Book 6 · §108–115 · at first
Being oppressed by the Thebans, the Plataians at first desired to give themselves to Cleomenes the son of Anaxandrides and to the Lacedemonians, who chanced to come thither; but these did not accept them
Book 6 · §108–115 · when the Athenians were doing sacrifice to the twelve gods
but when the Athenians were doing sacrifice to the twelve gods, they sat down as suppliants at the altar and so gave themselves.
Book 6 · §108–115
Miltiades son of Kimon Callimachos
Thus speaking Miltiades gained Callimachos to his side; and the opinion of the polemarch being added, it was thus determined to fight a battle.
Book 6 · §108–115 · as the turn of each one of them to command for the day came round
those generals whose opinion was in favour of fighting, as the turn of each one of them to command for the day came round, gave over their command to Miltiades
Book 6 · §108–115 · when his own turn to command had come
and he, accepting it, would not however yet bring about a battle, until his own turn to command had come.
Book 6 · §108–115 · 📍 [[Marathon]] · when it came round to him
Callimachos Miltiades son of Kimon
On the right wing the polemarch Callimachos was leader
Book 6 · §108–115 · 📍 [[Marathon]] · then
then the Athenians were let go, and they set forth at a run to attack the Barbarians.
Book 6 · §108–115 · 📍 [[Marathon]] · while they fought in Marathon
and bringing together the two wings they fought with those who had broken their centre, and the Athenians were victorious.
Book 6 · §108–115 · 📍 [[Marathon]] · In this part of the work
In this part of the work was slain the polemarch Callimachos after having proved himself a good man
Book 6 · §108–115 · 📍 [[Marathon]] · In this part of the work
and also one of the generals, Stesilaos the son of Thrasylaos, was killed
Book 6 · §108–115 · 📍 [[Marathon]] · In this part of the work
Kynegeiros the son of Euphorion while taking hold there of the ornament at the stern of a ship had his hand cut off with an axe and fell
Book 6 · §108–115 · 📍 [[Marathon]] · in this manner
Seven of the ships the Athenians got possession of in this manner
Book 6 · §108–115 · 📍 [[Sunion]] · after taking the captives from Eretria off the island where they had left them
they sailed round Sunion, purposing to arrive at the city before the Athenians.
Book 6 · §116–125 · 📍 [[Marathon]] · for the rest of his life from this time
Epizelos the son of Cuphagoras, while fighting in the close combat and proving himself a good man, was deprived of the sight of his eyes, neither having received a blow in any part of his body nor having been hit with a missile, and for the rest of his life from this time he continued to be blind:
Book 6 · §116–125 · 📍 [[Athens]] · when Peisistratos was driven out of Athens
Callias (father of Hipponicos) Peisistratos
Callias the son of Phainippos and father of Hipponicos, while Callias for his part was the only man of all the Athenians who dared, when Peisistratos was driven out of Athens, to buy his goods offered for sale by the State, and in other ways also he contrived against him everything that was most hostile:
Book 6 · §116–125 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Harmodios Aristogeiton Hipparchos
for these my slaying Hipparchos exasperated the rest of the family of Peisistratos, and did not at all cause the others to cease from their despotism;
Book 6 · §116–125 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
For first Alcmaion the son of Megacles showed himself a helper of the Lydians from Sardis who came from Croesus to the Oracle at Delphi, and assisted them with zeal; and Croesus having heard from the Lydians who went to the Oracle that this man did him service, sent for him to Sardis; and when he came, he offered to give him a gift of as much gold as he could carry away at once upon his own person.
Book 6 · §116–125 · 📍 [[Olympia]]
and thus the Alcmaion of whom I speak became a breeder of chariot-horses and won a victory at Olympia.
Book 6 · §134–140 · 📍 [[Paros]]
as he leapt down from the wall of rough stones his thigh was dislocated
Book 6 · §134–140 · 📍 [[Paros]]
Miltiades accordingly, being in a wretched case, set forth to sail homewards, neither bringing wealth to the Athenians nor having added to them the possession of Paros, but having besieged the city for six-and-twenty days and laid waste the island
Book 6 · §134–140 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
The Pythian prophetess however forbade them, saying that Timo was not the true author of these things, but since it was destined that Miltiades should end his life not well, she had appeared to guide him to his evil fate.
Book 6 · §134–140 · 📍 [[Athens]]
Xanthippos Miltiades son of Kimon
Xanthippos the son of Ariphron, who brought Miltiades up before the people claiming the penalty of death and prosecuted him for his deception of the Athenians
Book 6 · §134–140 · 📍 [[Athens]]
the people came over to his part as regards the acquittal from the penalty of death, but they imposed a fine of fifty talents for the wrong committed
Book 6 · §134–140 · after this
after this Miltiades died, his thigh having gangrened and mortified
Book 6 · §134–140 · after this
and the fifty talents were paid by his son Kimon.
Book 6 · §134–140 · 📍 [[Lemnos]]
Miltiades the son of Kimon, when the Etesian Winds blew steadily, accomplished the voyage in a ship from Elaius in the Chersonese to Lemnos, and proclaimed to the Pelasgians that they should depart out of the island
Book 6 · §134–140 · 📍 [[Myrina]]
those of Myrina, not admitting that the Chersonese was Attica, suffered a siege, until at last these also submitted
Book 6 · §134–140 · 📍 [[Lemnos]]
Thus it was that the Athenians and Miltiades took possession of Lemnos.
Book 7 · §1–7 · at once
Accordingly at once he sent messengers to the various cities and ordered that they should get ready a force, appointing to each people to supply much more than at the former time
Book 7 · §1–7 · In the fourth year
In the fourth year however the Egyptians, who had been reduced to subjection by Cambyses, revolted from the Persians;
Book 7 · §1–7
there arose a great strife among his sons about the supreme power; and they said that he must not make his expeditions until he had designated one of them to be king
Book 7 · §1–7 · 📍 [[Susa]] · at this very same time
Demaratos also, the son of Ariston, had come up to Susa at this very same time, having been deprived of the kingdom in Sparta and having laid upon himself a sentence of exile from Lacedemon.
Book 7 · §1–7 · in the next year after this and after the revolt of Egypt
it came to pass that Dareios himself died, having been king in all six-and-thirty years
Book 7 · §1–7 · 📍 [[Athens]]
For Onomacritos had been driven forth from Athens by Hipparchos the son of Peisistratos, having been caught by Lasos of Hermion interpolating in the works of Musaios an oracle
Book 7 · §1–7 · in the next year after the death of Dareios
Having subdued these and having reduced all Egypt to slavery much greater than it had suffered in the reign of Dareios
Book 7 · §1–7 · 📍 [[Egypt]]
he entrusted the government of it to Achaimenes his own brother, a son of Dareios.
Book 7 · §1–7 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · afterwards
Now this Achaimenes being a governor of Egypt was slain afterwards by Inaros the son of Psammetichos, a Libyan.
Book 7 · §8–9 · 📍 [[Athens]]
I have resolved to make an expedition against them, and reckoning I find in the matter so many good things as ye shall hear:--if we shall subdue these
Book 7 · §8–9 · 📍 [[Macedonia]] · formerly
Moreover I myself formerly made trial of marching against these men, being commanded thereto by thy father; and although I marched as far as Macedonia
Book 7 · §13–19 · when night had come on
Now therefore be well assured of this:--if thou do not make thy march forthwith, there shall thence spring up for thee this result, namely that, as thou didst in short time become great and mighty, so also thou shalt speedily be again brought low.
Book 7 · §13–19
Since however there comes a divine impulse, and, as it seems, a destruction sent by heaven is taking hold of the Hellenes, I for my part am both changed in myself and also I reverse my opinions; and do thou signify to the Persians the message which is sent to thee from God, bidding them follow the commands which were given by thee at first with regard to the preparations to be made
Book 7 · §13–19 · after this
the Magians, when they heard it, explained to have reference to the dominion of the whole Earth and to mean that all men should be subject to him
Book 7 · §13–19 · forthwith
forthwith every man of the Persians who had been assembled together departed to his own province and was zealous by all means to perform the commands
Book 7 · §20–28 · During four full years from the conquest of Egypt
During four full years from the conquest of Egypt he was preparing the army and the things that were of service for the army
Book 7 · §20–28 · 📍 [[Athos]] · for about three years past
Bubares the son of Megabazos and Artachaies the son of Artaios, Persians both, were set over the work.
Book 7 · §20–28 · 📍 [[the river Strymon]]
To these same men to whom the digging had been appointed, it was appointed also to make a bridge over the river Strymon, yoking together the banks.
Book 7 · §20–28 · 📍 [[Leuke Acte]]
Accordingly, when he had learnt by inquiry of the various places, he bade them make stores where it was most convenient, carrying supplies to different parts by merchant ships and ferry-boats from all the countries of Asia.
Book 7 · §20–28 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · During the time that these were working at the task which had been proposed to them
the whole land-army had been assembled together and was marching with Xerxes to Sardis
Book 7 · §29–38
By this road went Xerxes and found a plane-tree, to which for its beauty he gave an adornment of gold, and appointed that some one should have charge of it always in undying succession
Book 7 · §29–38 · 📍 [[Sardis]]
Having come to Sardis he proceeded first to send heralds to Hellas, to ask for earth and water, and also to give notice beforehand to prepare meals for the king; except that he sent neither to Athens nor Lacedemon to ask for earth, but to all the other States
Book 7 · §29–38 · 📍 [[Sestos]] · no long time afterwards
the Athenians under the command of Xanthippos the son of Ariphron, having taken Artaÿctes a Persian, who was the governor of Sestos, nailed him alive to a board with hands and feet extended
Book 7 · §29–38 · 📍 [[Hellespont]]
Then when Xerxes heard it he was exceedingly enraged, and bade them scourge the Hellespont with three hundred strokes of the lash and let down into the sea a pair of fetters.
Book 7 · §29–38 · 📍 [[Hellespont]]
When the construction of the bridges had been finished, and the works about Athos, both the embankments about the mouths of the channel, which were made because of the breaking of the sea upon the beach, that the mouths of it might not be filled up, and the channel itself, were reported to be fully completed
Book 7 · §38–48
when it had taken place and the Phenicians of Sidon were victorious, he was delighted both with the contest and with the whole armament.
Book 7 · §49–56 · 📍 [[Hellespont]] · on the next day
Then, as the Sun was rising, Xerxes made libation from a golden cup into the sea, and prayed to the Sun, that no accident might befall him such as should cause him to cease from subduing Europe, until he had come to its furthest limits. After having thus prayed he threw the cup into the Hellespont and with it a golden mixing-bowl and a Persian sword, which they call akinakes;
Book 7 · §49–56 · 📍 [[Hellespont]] · in seven days and seven nights
When Xerxes had crossed over into Europe, he gazed upon the army crossing under the lash; and his army crossed over in seven days and seven nights, going on continuously without any pause.
Book 7 · §57–69 · 📍 [[Doriscos]] · ever since the time when he went on his march against the Scythians
a garrison of Persians had been established in it by Dareios, ever since the time when he went on his march against the Scythians.
Book 7 · §57–69 · 📍 [[Doriscos]]
It seemed then to Xerxes that the place was convenient to order his army and to number it throughout, and so he proceeded to do.
Book 7 · §70–85
Dotos Megasidros Gobryas Dareios Artystone
Of the Paphlagonians and Matienians the commander was Dotos the son of Megasidros, and of the Mariandynoi and Lygians and Syrians, Gobryas, who was the son of Dareios and Artystone.
Book 7 · §70–85
Of the Lydians and Mysians the commander was Artaphrenes the son of Artaphrenes, he who invaded Marathon together with Datis.
Book 7 · §70–85
Ariomardos Dareios Parmys Smerdis Cyrus Artaÿctes Cherasmis
the Moschoi and Tibarenians under Ariomardos, who was the son of Dareios and of Parmys, the daughter of Smerdis son of Cyrus; the Macronians and Mossynoicoi under Artaÿctes the son of Cherasmis, who was governor of Sestos on the Hellespont.
Book 7 · §70–85
Pharandates Teaspis Masistios Siromitres
Of the Mares and Colchians the commander was Pharandates the son of Teaspis. The Alarodians and Saspeirians served armed like the Colchians; and of these the commander was Masistios the son of Siromitres.
Book 7 · §70–85 · 📍 [[Mykale]] · in the year after these events
in the year after these events was a commander of the army at Mykale and lost his life in the battle.
Book 7 · §70–85
Mardonios Gobryas Tritantaichmes Artabanos Smerdomenes Otanes Xerxes Masistes Dareios Atossa Gergis Ariazos Megabyzos (son of Zopyros) Zopyros
and over these and over the whole army together that went on foot there were in command Mardonios the son of Gobryas, Tritantaichmes the son of that Artabanos who gave the opinion that they should not make the march against Hellas, Smerdomenes the son of Otanes (both these being sons of brothers of Dareios and so cousins of Xerxes), Masistes the son of Dareios and Atossa, Gergis the son of Ariazos, and Megabyzos the son of Zopyros.
Book 7 · §70–85
and of these ten thousand chosen Persians the general was Hydarnes the son of Hydarnes
Book 7 · §86–99 · 📍 [[Sardis]] · as they were setting forth from Sardis
as they were setting forth from Sardis, an accident befell him of an unwished-for kind,--as he was riding, a dog ran up under his horse's feet, and the horse not having seen it beforehand was frightened, and rearing up he threw Pharnuches off his back, who falling vomited blood, and his sickness turned to a consumption.
Book 7 · §86–99 · 📍 [[Abydos]]
the men of Abydos had been appointed by the king to stay in their place and be guards of the bridges
Book 7 · §86–99 · after her husband died
after her husband died, she holding the power herself
Book 7 · §100–106 · 📍 [[Thrace]]
Xerxes marched forth his army through Thrace to invade Hellas.
Book 7 · §100–106 · 📍 [[Doriscos]] · after this expedition
but Mascames at Doriscos none were ever able to conquer, though many tried.
Book 7 · §100–106 · every year
to him alone Xerxes used to send gifts, considering him the best of all the men whom either he himself or Dareios had appointed to be governors,--he used to send him gifts, I say, every year, and so also did Artaxerxes the son of Xerxes to the descendants of Mascames.
Book 7 · §107–118 · 📍 [[Eïon]]
Boges Kimon (son of Miltiades)
when he was besieged by the Athenians under Kimon the son of Miltiades, though he might have gone forth under a truce and so returned home to Asia, he preferred not to do this, for fear that the king should that it was by cowardice that he survived; and he continued to hold out till the last. Then when there was no longer any supply of provisions within the wall, he heaped together a great pyre, and he cut the throats of his children, his wife, his concubines and his servants, and threw them into the fire; and after this he scattered all the gold and silver in the city from the wall into the river Strymon, and having so done he threw himself into the fire.
Book 7 · §107–118 · 📍 [[the Nine Ways]]
being informed that this place was called the Nine Ways, they buried alive in it that number of boys and maidens, children of the natives of the place.
Book 7 · §107–118 · 📍 [[Acanthos]] · when he had come to Acanthos
Then when he had come to Acanthos, Xerxes proclaimed a guest-friendship with the people of Acanthos and also presented them with the Median dress and commended them, perceiving that they were zealous to serve him in the war and hearing of that which had been dug.
Book 7 · §107–118 · 📍 [[Acanthos]] · while Xerxes was in Acanthos
And while Xerxes was in Acanthos, it happened that he who had been set over the making of the channel, Artachaies by name, died of sickness, a man who was highly esteemed by Xerxes and belonged to the Achaimenid family; also he was in stature the tallest of all the Persians, falling short by only four fingers of being five royal cubits in height, and he had a voice the loudest of all men; so that Xerxes was greatly grieved at the loss of him, and carried him forth and buried him with great honour, and the whole army joined in throwing up a mound for him.
Book 7 · §107–118 · 📍 [[Acanthos]]
To this Artachaies the Acanthians by the bidding of an oracle do sacrifice as a hero, calling upon his name in worship.
Book 7 · §119–128
Xerxes Mardonios Masistes Tritantaichmes Gergis Smerdomenes Megabyzos (son of Zopyros)
Xerxes had divided the whole land-army into three divisions, and one of them he had set to go along the sea accompanying the fleet, of which division Mardonios and Masistes were commanders; another third of the army had been appointed to go by the inland way, and of this the generals in command were Tritantaichmes and Gergis; and meanwhile the third of the subdivisions, with which Xerxes himself went, marched in the middle between them, and acknowledged as its commanders Smerdomenes and Megabyzos.
Book 7 · §119–128 · 📍 [[Therma]]
When Xerxes had reached Therma he established the army there;
Book 7 · §129–136 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · at the former time when Dareios had sent for this very purpose
the one people threw the men who made the demand into the pit and the others into a well
Book 7 · §129–136 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · after this event
on the Lacedemonians however the wrath fell of Talthybios, the herald of Agamemnon; for in Sparta there is a temple of Talthybios, and there are also descendants of Talthybios called Talthybiads, to whom have been given as a right all the missions of heralds which go from Sparta; and after this event it was not possible for the Spartans when they sacrificed to obtain favourable omens.
Book 7 · §129–136 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · at length
Sperthias (son of Aneristos) Aneristos (father of Sperthias) Bulis Nicolaos (father of Bulis)
at length Sperthias the son of Aneristos and Bulis the son of Nicolaos, Spartans of noble birth and in wealth attaining to the first rank, voluntarily submitted to pay the penalty to Xerxes for the heralds of Dareios which had perished at Sparta.
Book 7 · §129–136 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · Thus
Sperthias (son of Aneristos) Aneristos (father of Sperthias) Bulis Nicolaos (father of Bulis) Xerxes
Thus the Spartans sent these to the Medes to be put to death.
Book 7 · §129–136 · 📍 [[Susa]] · first
Sperthias (son of Aneristos) Aneristos (father of Sperthias) Bulis Nicolaos (father of Bulis)
first when the spearmen of the guard commanded them and endeavoured to compel them by force to do obeisance to the king by falling down before him, they said that they would not do any such deed, though they should be pushed down by them head foremost
Book 7 · §129–136 · 📍 [[Susa]] · Then
Sperthias (son of Aneristos) Aneristos (father of Sperthias) Bulis Nicolaos (father of Bulis) Xerxes
When they said this, Xerxes moved by a spirit of magnanimity replied that he would not be like the Lacedemonians; for they had violated the rules which prevailed among all men by slaying heralds, but he would not do that himself which he blamed them for having done, nor would he free the Lacedemonians from their guilt by slaying these in return.
Book 7 · §137–142 · 📍 [[Sparta]]
Sperthias (father of Aneristos) Bulis
Sperthias and Bulis returned back to Sparta
Book 7 · §137–142 · 📍 [[Bisanthe on the Hellespont]] · many years after the expedition of the king
Nicolaos (son of Bulis) Aneristos (son of Sperthias) Sitalkes Nymphodoros
having been betrayed by Sitalkes the son of Teres king of the Thracians and by Nymphodoros the son of Pythes a man of Abdera, were captured at Bisanthe on the Hellespont
Book 7 · §137–142 · 📍 [[Attica]] · many years after the expedition of the king
Nicolaos (son of Bulis) Aneristos (son of Sperthias) Aristeas
then having been carried away to Attica they were put to death by the Athenians, and with them also Aristeas the son of Adeimantos the Corinthian.
Book 7 · §137–142 · 📍 [[Hellas]]
Athenians
these were they who, preferring that Hellas should continue to exist in freedom, roused up all of Hellas which remained
Book 7 · §137–142 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
Athenians
the Pythian prophetess, whose name was Aristonike, uttered to them this oracle:
Book 7 · §137–142 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
Timon Athenians
Timon the son of Androbulos, a man of the Delphians in reputation equal to the first, counselled them to take a suppliant's bough and to approach the second time and consult the Oracle as suppliants.
Book 7 · §137–142 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
Athenians
the prophetess gave them a second oracle as follows:
Book 7 · §137–142 · 📍 [[Athens]] · after their return
Athenians
when the messengers after their return made report to the people, many various opinions were expressed by persons inquiring into the meaning of the oracle
Book 7 · §143–148
Then Themistocles persuaded the Athenians to give up this plan of division and to make for themselves with this money two hundred ships for the war
Book 7 · §143–148
When Themistocles declared his opinion thus, the Athenians judged that this was to be preferred by them rather than the advice of the interpreters of oracles
Book 7 · §143–148 · 📍 [[Sicily]]
to send others to Sicily to Gelon the son of Deinomenes and also to Corcyra, to urge them to come to the assistance of Hellas
Book 7 · §143–148 · lately
because lately there had been slain of them six thousand men by the Lacedemonians and by Cleomenes the son of Anaxandrides
Book 7 · §143–148 · 📍 [[Argos]]
the Argives were ready to do as they were requested, on condition that they got peace made with the Lacedemonians for thirty years and that they had half the leadership of the whole confederacy
Book 7 · §156–162 · 📍 [[Syracuse]]
he brought all those of Camarina to Syracuse and made them citizens, and razed to the ground the city of Camarina
Book 7 · §156–162 · 📍 [[Syracuse]]
then secondly he did the same to more than half of the men of Gela, as he had done to those of Camarina
Book 7 · §156–162 · 📍 [[Syracuse]]
the well-to-do men of them, though they had stirred up war with him and expected to be put to death for this reason, he brought to Syracuse and made them citizens
Book 7 · §156–162 · 📍 [[Syracuse]]
the common people of the Megarians, who had no share in the guilt of this war and did not expect that they would suffer any evil, these also he brought to Syracuse and sold them as slaves to be carried away from Sicily
Book 7 · §156–162 · 📍 [[Syracuse]]
and the same thing he did moreover to the men of Euboia in Sicily, making a distinction between them
Book 7 · §156–162 · at this time
I am prepared to come to your assistance, supplying two hundred triremes and twenty thousand hoplites, with two thousand horsemen, two thousand bowmen, two thousand slingers and two thousand light-armed men to run beside the horsemen; and moreover I will undertake to supply corn for the whole army of the Hellenes, until we have finished the war. These things I engage to supply on this condition, namely that I shall be commander and leader of the Hellenes against the Barbarian
Book 7 · §156–162
Suppose that ye should be leaders of the land-army and I of the fleet; or if it pleases you to lead the sea-forces, I am willing to be leader of those on land
Book 7 · §156–162
not even if the Lacedemonian shall permit thee to be commander of it, will we permit thee; for this at least is our own
Book 7 · §156–162
Since then ye will not at all give way, but desire to have the whole, it were well that ye should depart home as quickly as possible
Book 7 · §163–169 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · so soon as he was informed that the Persian had crossed over the Hellespont
he sent Cadmos the son of Skythes, a man of Cos, with three fifty-oared galleys to Delphi, bearing large sums of money and friendly proposals, to wait there and see how the battle would fall out
Book 7 · §163–169 · 📍 [[Cos]] · before these events
had voluntarily and with no danger threatening, but moved merely by uprightness of nature, placed the government in the hands of the people of Cos and had departed to Sicily
Book 7 · §163–169 · 📍 [[Sicily]] · before these events
where he took from the Samians and newly colonised the city of Zancle, which had changed its name to Messene.
Book 7 · §163–169 · 📍 [[Sicily]] · just at this very time
Terillos had persuaded partly by reason of his own guest-friendship, and especially by the zealous assistance of Anaxilaos the son of Cretines, who was despot of Rhegion, and who to help his father-in-law endeavoured to bring in Amilcas to Sicily, and had given him his sons as hostages
Book 7 · §163–169 · 📍 [[Sicily]] · on the very same day when the Hellenes were victorious at Salamis over the Persian
Gelon and Theron were victorious over Amilcas the Carthaginian on the very same day when the Hellenes were victorious at Salamis over the Persian. And this Amilcas ... disappeared, as I am informed; for neither alive nor dead did he appear again anywhere upon the earth
Book 7 · §163–169 · 📍 [[Carthage]] · then
when he saw that there was a rout of his own army, he being then, as it chanced, in the act of pouring a libation over the victims, threw himself into the fire, and thus he was burnt up and disappeared.
Book 7 · §163–169 · 📍 [[Carthage]] · now
the Carthaginians both offer sacrifices to him now, and also they made memorials of him then in all the cities of their colonies, and the greatest in Carthage itself.
Book 7 · §163–169 · 📍 [[Peloponnese]] · when the time came to send help
Corcyreans
the Corcyreans at the time engaged to send a force and to help in the defence
Book 7 · §163–169 · 📍 [[near Pylos and Tainaron]] · when the time came to send help
Corcyreans
they manned sixty ships, having other intentions in their minds, and after making much difficulty they put out to sea and reached Peloponnese; and then near Pylos and Tainaron in the land of the Lacedemonians they kept their ships at anchor
Book 7 · §163–169 · 📍 [[Salamis]] · when the Hellenes reproached them because they did not come to help
Corcyreans
they said that they had manned sixty triremes, but had not been able to get past Malea owing to the Etesian Winds; therefore it was that they had not come to Salamis
Book 7 · §163–169 · When the Cretans heard this answer reported
When the Cretans heard this answer reported, they abstained from the giving of assistance.
Book 7 · §170–176 · 📍 [[Camicos]] · after a time
the Cretans, urged thereto by a god, all except the men of Polichne and Praisos, came with a great armament to Sicania and besieged for seven years the city of Camicos
Book 7 · §170–176 · 📍 [[Hyria]]
their vessels being dashed to pieces, they, since they saw no longer any way of coming to Crete, founded there the city of Hyria; and there they stayed and were changed so that they became instead of Cretans, Messapians of Iapygia, and instead of islanders, dwellers on the mainland
Book 7 · §170–176 · 📍 [[Crete]] · in the next generation but one after the death of Minos
in the next generation but one after the death of Minos came the Trojan war, in which the Cretans proved not the most contemptible of those who came to assist Menelaos
Book 7 · §170–176 · 📍 [[Crete]] · after this, when they had returned home from Troy
Then after this, when they had returned home from Troy, famine and pestilence came upon both the men and their cattle, until at last Crete was stripped of its inhabitants for the second time
Book 7 · §170–176 · 📍 [[Tempe]] · when the army was assembled
Alexander (son of Amyntas) Amyntas
envoys came from Alexander the son of Amyntas the Macedonian, who advised them to depart thence and not to remain in the pass
Book 7 · §170–176 · 📍 [[Thessaly]] · when the king was about to cross over from Asia to Europe
Alexander (son of Amyntas) Amyntas
So the Thessalians, being stripped of allies, upon this took the side of the Medes with a good will and no longer half-heartedly
Book 7 · §170–176 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]]
Themistocles Neocles Euainetos Carenos
This pass then they resolved to guard, and not permit the Barbarian to go by into Hellas; and they resolved that the fleet should sail to Artemision
Book 7 · §177–186 · 📍 [[Therma]]
the fleet of Xerxes setting forth from the city of Therma had passed over with ten of its ships
Book 7 · §177–186 · 📍 [[Therma]]
Thus five hundred and twenty-eight myriads three thousand two hundred and twenty was the number of men whom Xerxes son of Dareios led as far as Sepias and Thermopylai.
Book 7 · §187–196 · at this time
the Athenians report that Boreas had come to their help in former times, and that at this time he accomplished those things for them of which I speak
Book 7 · §187–196 · 📍 [[Sepias]]
he picked up many cups of gold which were thrown up afterwards on the shore, and many also of silver, and found treasure-chests which had belonged to the Persians
Book 7 · §187–196 · 📍 [[Sepias]] · on the fourth day
The storm continued during three days; but at last the Magians, making sacrifice of victims and singing incantations to appease the Wind by enchantments, and in addition to this, offering to Thetis and the Nereïds, caused it to cease on the fourth day
Book 7 · §187–196 · before this time
king Dareios had taken and crucified (he being one of the Royal Judges) for this reason, namely that Sandokes had pronounced judgment unjustly for money. So then after he was hung up, Dareios reckoned and found that more good services had been done by him to the royal house than were equal to his offences; and having found this, and perceived that he had himself acted with more haste than wisdom, he let him go.
Book 7 · §187–196 · 📍 [[Artemision]]
when the Hellenes saw them sailing up, perceiving the mistake which was being made they put out against them and captured them without difficulty.
Book 7 · §197–206
this Kytissoros coming from Aia of the Colchians rescued him; and having done so he brought the wrath of the gods upon his own descendants.
Book 7 · §197–206
Xerxes, when he came to the sacred grove, both abstained from entering it himself, and gave the command to his whole army to so likewise
Book 7 · §197–206 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]] · at this time
He then at this time went to Thermopylai, having chosen the three hundred who were appointed by law and men who chanced to have sons
Book 7 · §197–206 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]]
therefore he summoned them to the war, desiring to know whether they would send troops with them or whether they would openly renounce the alliance of the Hellenes
Book 7 · §197–206 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]]
and they sent men, having other thoughts in their mind the while.
Book 7 · §197–206 · 📍 [[Sparta]] · Afterwards, however
they intended then to leave a garrison in Sparta and to come to help in full force with speed
Book 7 · §197–206 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]]
Accordingly, since they did not suppose that the fighting in Thermopylai would so soon be decided, they sent only the forerunners of their force.
Book 7 · §207–214 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]]
Leonidas, when the Phokians and Locrians were indignant at this opinion, gave his vote for remaining there, and for sending at the same time messengers to the several States bidding them to come up to help them
Book 7 · §207–214 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]] · on the fifth day
on the fifth day, when they did not depart but remained, being obstinate, as he thought, in impudence and folly, he was enraged and sent against them the Medes and the Kissians
Book 7 · §207–214 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]]
When however these also engaged in combat with the Hellenes, they gained no more success than the Median troops but the same as they
Book 7 · §207–214 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]]
Epialtes the son of Eurydemos, a Malian, came to speech with him, supposing that he would win a very great reward from the king; and this man told him of the path which leads over the mountain to Thermopylai, and brought about the destruction of those Hellenes who remained in that place.
Book 7 · §207–214 · 📍 [[Thessaly]] · Afterwards
Afterwards from fear of the Lacedemonians he fled to Thessaly
Book 7 · §207–214 · 📍 [[Pylai]] · when the Amphictyons met for their assembly
a price was proclaimed for his life by the Deputies, when the Amphictyons met for their assembly at Pylai.
Book 7 · §207–214 · 📍 [[Antikyra]] · some time afterwards
Then some time afterwards having returned to Antikyra he was slain by Athenades a man of Trachis. Now this Athenades killed Epialtes for another cause, which I shall set forth in the following part of the history, but he was honoured for it none the less by the Lacedemonians.
Book 7 · §215–224 · about the time when the lamps are lit
Xerxes accordingly, being pleased by that which Epialtes engaged to accomplish, at once with great joy proceeded to send Hydarnes and the men of whom Hydarnes was commander; and they set forth from the camp about the time when the lamps are lit.
Book 7 · §215–224 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]] · at dawn of day
I am inclined rather to be of this latter opinion, namely that because Leonidas perceived that the allies were out of heart and did not desire to face the danger with him to the end, he ordered them to depart, but held that for himself to go away was not honourable
Book 7 · §215–224
He however when he was bidden to go would not himself depart, but sent away his son who was with him in the army, besides whom he had no other child.
Book 7 · §215–224
Of these the Thebans stayed against their will and not because they desired it, for Leonidas kept them, counting them as hostages; but the Thespians very willingly, for they said that they would not depart and leave Leonidas and those with him, but they stayed behind and died with them. The commander of these was Demophilos the son of Diadromes.
Book 7 · §215–224 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]] · about the hour when the market fills
The Barbarians accordingly with Xerxes were advancing to the attack; and the Hellenes with Leonidas, feeling that they were going forth to death, now advanced out much further than at first into the broader part of the defile
Book 7 · §215–224 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]] · in this fighting
and in this fighting fell Leonidas, having proved himself a very good man, and others also of the Spartans with him, men of note, of whose names I was informed as of men who had proved themselves worthy
Book 7 · §215–224 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]] · in this combat
[[Abrocomes]] [[Hyperanthes]] Dareios Phratagune Artanes Hystaspes (father of Dareios) Arsames (son of Ariaramnes)
Moreover of the Persians there fell here, besides many others of note, especially two sons of Dareios, Abrocomes and Hyperanthes, born to Dareios of Phratagune the daughter of Artanes
Book 7 · §225–234
Two brothers of Xerxes, I say, fell here fighting; and meanwhile over the body of Leonidas there arose a great struggle
Book 7 · §225–234
Eurystos, it is said, when he was informed that the Persians had gone round, asked for his arms and having put them on ordered his Helot to lead him to those who were fighting; and after he had led him thither, the man who had led him ran away and departed, but Eurystos plunged into the thick of the fighting, and so lost his life
Book 7 · §225–234 · 📍 [[Lacedemon]]
When Aristodemos, I say, had returned home to Lacedemon, he had reproach and dishonour; and that which he suffered by way of dishonour was this,--no one of the Spartans would either give him light for a fire or speak with him, and he had reproach in that he was called Aristodemos the coward.
Book 7 · §225–234 · 📍 [[Plataia]]
He however in the battle at Plataia repaired all the guilt that was charged against him
Book 7 · §225–234 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]]
the greater number of them were branded by command of Xerxes with the royal marks, beginning with their leader Leontiades
Book 7 · §225–234 · 📍 [[the city of the Plataians]] · afterwards
Eurymachos (son of Leontiades)
the same whose son Eurymachos was afterwards slain by the Plataians, when he had been made commander of four hundred Thebans and had seized the city of the Plataians.
Book 8 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Artemision]] · at this time
and the commander who had the supreme power was furnished by the Spartans, namely Eurybiades son of Eurycleides, since the allies said that they would not follow the lead of the Athenians, but unless a Lacedemonian were leader they would break up the expedition which was to be made:
Book 8 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Euboea]]
they went elsewhere and persuaded Themistocles the commander of the Athenians by a payment of thirty talents, the condition being that the fleet should stay and fight the sea-battle in front of Euboea.
Book 8 · §1–10
to Eurybiades he imparted five talents of the sum with the pretence that he was giving it from himself; and when Eurybiades had been persuaded by him to change his resolution
Book 8 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Artemision]]
Thus he spoke, and at the same time he sent to the ship of Adeimantos three talents of silver.
Book 8 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Euboea]]
Eurybiades Themistocles Adeimantos
Thus they remained in Euboea and fought a sea-battle;
Book 8 · §11–21
and they captured thirty ships of the Barbarians and also Philaon the son of Chersis
Book 8 · §11–21
Now the first of the Hellenes who captured a ship of the enemy was an Athenian, Lycomedes the son of Aischraios, and he received the prize for valour.
Book 8 · §11–21 · 📍 [[Salamis]]
Antidoros
In this sea-fight Antidoros of Lemnos alone of the Hellenes who were with the king deserted to the side of the Hellenes, and the Athenians on account of this deed gave him a piece of land in Salamis.
Book 8 · §11–21 · 📍 [[Artemision]]
This Abronichos then had arrived, and he proceeded to signify to them that which had come to pass about Leonidas and his army; and then when they were informed of it no longer put off their retreat
Book 8 · §22–31
for all those of his army who were lying dead at Thermopylai, (and there were as many as twenty thousand in all), with the exception of about a thousand whom he left, he dug trenches and buried them, laying over them leaves and heaping earth upon them, that they might not be seen by the men of the fleet.
Book 8 · §22–31 · 📍 [[Histaia]]
king Xerxes grants permission to any one of you who desires it, to leave his post and to come and see how he fights against those most senseless men who looked to overcome the power of the king.
Book 8 · §22–31 · 📍 [[Histaia]] · the day after this
while Xerxes and his army set forth upon their march.
Book 8 · §32–42 · 📍 [[the territory of Orchomenos]]
The largest and strongest part of the army, proceeding with Xerxes himself against Athens, entered the land of the Boeotians, coming into the territory of Orchomenos.
Book 8 · §32–42 · 📍 [[Delphi]]
namely in order that they might plunder the temple at Delphi and deliver over the treasures there to king Xerxes
Book 8 · §32–42 · 📍 [[Salamis]] · now
Over the whole was set as admiral the same man as at Artemision, namely Eurybiades the son of Eurycleides
Book 8 · §43–54 · at that time
but neglecting these commands they had come to the Hellenes, urged thereto by Democritos, a man of repute among the citizens and at that time commander of a trireme.
Book 8 · §43–54 · 📍 [[Thespiai]]
after it had burnt the city of the Thespians (the inhabitants having left it and gone to the Peloponnese)
Book 8 · §43–54 · 📍 [[Plataia]]
and that of the Plataians likewise, had now come to Athens and was laying waste everything in those regions. Now he had burnt Thespiai and Plataia because he was informed by the Thebans that these were not taking the side of the Medes.
Book 8 · §43–54 · 📍 [[Athens]] · in the year when Calliades was archon of the Athenians
And they took the lower city, which was deserted
Book 8 · §43–54 · 📍 [[Acropolis]]
The Athenians who were besieged continued to defend themselves nevertheless, although they had come to the extremity of distress and their palisade had played them false
Book 8 · §43–54 · 📍 [[Acropolis]]
and when the Athenians saw that they had ascended up to the Acropolis, some of them threw themselves down from the wall and perished, while others took refuge in the sanctuary of the temple.
Book 8 · §43–54 · 📍 [[Acropolis]]
and when the Athenians saw that they had ascended up to the Acropolis, some of them threw themselves down from the wall and perished, while others took refuge in the sanctuary of the temple. Then those of the Persians who had ascended went first to the gates, and after opening these they proceeded to kill the suppliants;
Book 8 · §43–54 · 📍 [[Acropolis]]
and when all had been slain by them, they plundered the temple and set fire to the whole of the Acropolis.
Book 8 · §43–54 · 📍 [[Acropolis]] · on the next day after sending the herald
And on the next day after sending the herald he called together the exiles of the Athenians who were accompanying him, and bade them go up to the Acropolis and sacrifice the victims after their own manner
Book 8 · §56–64 · 📍 [[Salamis]]
When Themistocles thus spoke, Eurybiades was persuaded to change his mind; and, as I think, he changed his mind chiefly from fear lest the Athenians should depart and leave them, if he should take the ships to the Isthmus; for if the Athenians left them and departed, the rest would be no longer able to fight with the enemy. He chose then this counsel, to stay in that place and decide matters there by a sea-fight.
Book 8 · §56–64 · 📍 [[Salamis]] · as day was coming on
Eurybiades Ajax Telamon Aiacos
and they determined to pray to the gods and to call upon the sons of Aiacos to be their helpers. And as they had determined, so also they did; for when they had prayed to all the gods, they called Ajax and Telamon to their help from Salamis, where the fleet was, and sent a ship to Egina to bring Aiacos himself and the rest of the sons of Aiacos.
Book 8 · §65–71 · 📍 [[Attic land]] · at this time
when the Attic land was being ravaged by the land-army of Xerxes, having been deserted by the Athenians
Book 8 · §65–71 · 📍 [[Salamis]] · on the following day
they brought their ships out to Salamis and quietly ranged themselves along the shore in their several positions.
Book 8 · §65–71 · 📍 [[Thermopylai]]
as soon as the Peloponnesians heard that Leonidas and his company had perished at Thermopylai
Book 8 · §65–71 · 📍 [[the Isthmus]] · as soon as the Peloponnesians heard that Leonidas and his company had perished at Thermopylai
they came together quickly from the cities and took post at the Isthmus, and over them was set as commander Cleombrotos, the son of Anaxandrides
Book 8 · §65–71 · 📍 [[the Isthmus]] · after this
they began to build a wall across the Isthmus
Book 8 · §72–80 · at this time
Then Themistocles, when his opinion was like to be defeated by the Peloponnesians, secretly went forth from the assembly, and having gone out he sent a man to the encampment of the Medes in a boat, charging him with that which he must say: this man's name was Sikinnos
Book 8 · §72–80 · after these events
after these events Themistocles entered him as a Thespian citizen, when the Thespians were admitting new citizens, and made him a wealthy man.
Book 8 · §72–80 · 📍 [[Psyttaleia]] · as midnight came on
as midnight came on, they put out the Western wing of their fleet to sea, circling round towards Salamis, and also those stationed about Keos and Kynosura put out their ships to sea; and they occupied all the passage with their ships as far as Munychia.
Book 8 · §72–80 · 📍 [[Salamis]]
for having been myself an eye-witness I tell thee that now not even if the Corinthians and Eurybiades himself desire to sail out, will they be able; for we are encompassed round by the enemy.
Book 8 · §72–80 · 📍 [[Salamis]]
for know that this which is being done by the Medes is of my suggestion; because, when the Hellenes would not come to a battle of their own will, it was necessary to bring them over to us against their will.
Book 8 · §90–98 · 📍 Egina
Polycritos (son of Crios) Pytheas
The Sidonian ship then was captured bearing with it this man as well as the Persians of whom I spoke, so that Pytheas thus came safe to Egina.
Book 8 · §90–98 · 📍 [[Psyttaleia]] · in this tumult which had arisen about Salamis
taking with him a number of the hoplites of Athenian race who had been ranged along the shore of the land of Salamis, with them he disembarked on the island of Psyttaleia; and these slew all the Persians who were in this islet.
Book 8 · §99–105
For he had been captured by enemies and was being sold, and Panionios a man of Chios bought him
Book 8 · §99–105 · as time went on
as time went on he came to be honoured more than all the other eunuchs in the sight of Xerxes
Book 8 · §130–136 · 📍 [[Samos]] · when spring dawned upon it
Mardontes Bagaios Artaÿntes Artachaies Ithamitres
To be commanders of them there came Mardontes the son of Bagaios, and Artaÿntes the son of Artachaies, and with them also Ithamitres was in joint command
Book 8 · §130–136 · 📍 [[Chios]]
These had banded themselves together and had plotted to put to death Strattis the despot of Chios, being originally seven in number; but when one of those who took part with them gave information of it and they were discovered to be plotting against him, then the remaining six escaped from Chios
Book 8 · §130–136 · 📍 [[Ptoon]]
it is said that the man of Europos, Mys, snatched from them the tablet which they bore and wrote upon it that which was being spoken by the prophet; and he said that the prophet was giving his answer in the Carian tongue
Book 8 · §130–136 · 📍 [[Athens]] · after this
Mardonios Alexander (son of Amyntas)
Mardonios having read that which the Oracles uttered, whatever that was, after this sent as an envoy to Athens Alexander the son of Amyntas, the Macedonian
Book 8 · §144–144
Alexander (son of Amyntas) Mardonios
So long as the Sun goes on the same course by which he goes now, we will never make an agreement with Xerxes; but we will go forth to defend ourselves against him
Book 9 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Thessaly]]
Mardonios, when Alexander had returned back and had signified to him that which was said by the Athenians, set forth from Thessaly and began to lead his army with all diligence towards Athens
Book 9 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Larissa]] · at this time
Thorax of Larissa Mardonios Xerxes
Thorax of Larissa had joined in escorting Xerxes in his flight and at this time he openly offered Mardonios passage to invade Hellas.
Book 9 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Athens]]
However he did not even at this time find the Athenians there when he came to Attica; but he was informed that the greater number were either in Salamis or in the ships, and he captured the city finding it deserted.
Book 9 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Salamis]]
When Mardonios had come to Athens, he sent to Salamis Morychides a man of the Hellespont, bearing the same proposals as Alexander the Macedonian had brought over to the Athenians.
Book 9 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Salamis]] · Then
but the Hellespontian Morychides they dismissed unhurt.
Book 9 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Salamis]] · while the invader was said to be already in Boeotia
they accordingly removed everything out of danger, and themselves passed over to Salamis
Book 9 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Salamis]] · at the same time
and at the same time they sent envoys to Lacedemon to reproach the Lacedemonians for having permitted the Barbarian to invade Attica
Book 9 · §1–10 · 📍 [[Lacedemon]] · while yet it was night
Pausanias Cleombrotos Pleistarchos Leonidas
while yet it was night they sent out five thousand Spartans, with no less than seven of the Helots set to attend upon each man of them, appointing Pausanias the son of Cleombrotos to lead them forth. Now the leadership belonged to Pleistarchos the son of Leonidas; but he was yet a boy, and the other was his guardian and cousin
Book 9 · §1–10 · 📍 [[the Isthmus]] · no long time after this
for Cleombrotos, the father of Pausanias and son of Anaxandrides, was no longer alive, but when he had led home from the Isthmus the army which had built the wall, no long time after this he died.
Book 9 · §11–17 · 📍 [[Attica]] · when he heard this message
Mardonios was by no means anxious any more to remain in Attica when he heard this message.
Book 9 · §11–17 · 📍 [[Athens]] · having first
having first set fire to Athens and cast down and destroyed whatever was left standing of the walls, houses or temples.
Book 9 · §11–17 · 📍 [[Megara]] · Being thus informed
Therefore he turned back and proceeded to lead his army towards Megara, and the cavalry going in advance of the rest overran the Megaran land
Book 9 · §11–17 · 📍 [[Boeotia]] · After this
Now the encampment of his army extended from Erythrai along by Hysiai and reached the river Asopos
Book 9 · §11–17 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · While the Barbarians were engaged upon this work
Attaginos Mardonios Thersander
Attaginos the son of Phyrnon, a Theban, having made magnificent preparations invited to an entertainment Mardonios himself and fifty of the Persians who were of most account
Book 9 · §18–25
Now therefore carry on this way with zeal, for ye will not surpass in benefits either myself or the king.
Book 9 · §18–25 · 📍 [[Erythrai]]
the Athenians undertook the task, and of the Athenians those three hundred picked men of whom Olympidoros the son of Lampon was captain.
Book 9 · §18–25
then the horsemen no longer sustained the fight, nor did they succeed in recovering the body; and besides him they lost others of their number also. Then they drew off about two furlongs away and deliberated what they should do; and it seemed good to them, as they had no commander, to ride back to Mardonios.
Book 9 · §26–30 · 📍 [[the Isthmus]]
they made oath with one another on this condition,—that if Hyllos should conquer the leader of the Peloponnesians, then the sons of Heracles should return to their father's heritage; but he should be conquered, then on the other hand the sons of Heracles should depart and lead away their army, and not within a hundred years attempt to return to the Peloponnese.
Book 9 · §26–30
By reason of this deed we obtained among the Peloponnesians of that time, besides many other great privileges which we still possess, this also of always leading the other wing of the army, when a common expedition is made.
Book 9 · §26–30
Thus the Athenians obtained the wing, and overcame the Tegeans.
Book 9 · §31–36 · while he was yet at Phaleron
These men, while he was yet at Phaleron, he had caused to disembark from the ships in which they served as fighting-men;
Book 9 · §31–36
he raised his price and signified to them that he would do as they desired, if they would make him a citizen of their State and give him full rights, but for no other payment.
Book 9 · §31–36 · 📍 [[Plataia]]
then Tisamenos the Eleian, having become a Spartan, had part with them in winning five of the greatest contests as their diviner: and these were the only men who ever were made fellow-citizens of the Spartans.
Book 9 · §31–36 · before these events
whom before these events the Spartans had taken and bound, in order to put him to death, because they had suffered much mischief from him.
Book 9 · §31–36
he cut away the flat of his own foot, and after that, since he was guarded still by warders, he broke through the wall and so ran away to Tegea
Book 9 · §31–36 · 📍 [[Tegea]] · on the third night
so that, though the Lacedemonians searched for him in full force, he arrived at Tegea on the third night;
Book 9 · §31–36 · 📍 [[Tegea]] · when he was healed
and when he was healed and had procured for himself a wooden foot, he became an open enemy of the Lacedemonians.
Book 9 · §31–36 · 📍 [[Zakynthos]] · in the end
for he was caught by them while practising divination in Zakynthos, and was put to death.
Book 9 · §38–45 · 📍 [[the Asopos]] · he was now
he was now at the Asopos, having been hired by Mardonions for no mean sum, sacrificing and displaying zeal for his cause
Book 9 · §38–45 · 📍 [[Kithairon]] · Eight days had now passed
Timagenides the son of Herpys, a Theban, counselled Mardonios to set a guard on the pass of Kithairon
Book 9 · §38–45 · 📍 [[the pass of Kithairon]] · when night came on
Having been thus sent, the cavalry did not come without effect, for they caught five hundred baggage-animals coming out into the plain, which were bearing provisions from Peloponnesus to the army, and also the men who accompanied the carts: and having taken this prize the Persians proceeded to slaughter them without sparing either beast or man
Book 9 · §38–45 · at dawn of the next day
Having spoken to them thus, he next commanded to prepare everything and to set all in order, since at dawn of the next day a battle would be fought.
Book 9 · §38–45 · 📍 [[the guard-posts of the Athenians]] · when night was far advanced
Alexander (son of Amyntas) Pausanias
charging you to keep them secret and tell them to no one except only to Pausanias, lest ye bring me to ruin
Book 9 · §54–61
Amompharetos Euryanax Pausanias
Amompharetos in his contention took a piece of rock in both his hands and placed it at the feet of Pausanias, saying that with this pebble he gave his vote not to fly from the strangers
Book 9 · §54–61 · 📍 [[Kithairon]] · as the dawn of day found them yet disputing with one another
Pausanias, who had remained still throughout all this time, gave the signal, and led away all the rest over the low hills, supposing that Amonpharetos would not stay behind when the other Lacedemonians departed (in which he was in fact right)
Book 9 · §54–61 · 📍 [[the river Moloeis]]
This, when it had got away about ten furlongs, stayed for the division of Amompharetos, halting at the river Moloeis and the place called Argiopion
Book 9 · §54–61 · 📍 [[the Asopos]]
Thus having spoken he led on the Persians at a run, after they had crossed the Asopos, on the track of the Hellenes
Book 9 · §54–61 · during the night that is past
we have been deserted by our allies, we Lacedemonians and ye Athenians, seeing that they have run away during the night that is past.
Book 9 · §54–61
they were attacked by those of the Hellenes on the side of the king who had been ranged opposite to them, so that they were no longer able to come to the help of the Lacedemonians
Book 9 · §54–61 · 📍 [[the temple of Hera of the Plataians]]
Pausanias, seeing that the Spartans were hard pressed and that the offerings did not prove favourable, fixed his gaze upon the temple of Hera of the Plataians and called upon the goddess to help
Book 9 · §63–70
forthwith after the prayer of Pausanias the offerings proved favourable for the Lacedemonians as they sacrificed.
Book 9 · §63–70
but when Mardonios was slain and the men who were ranged about his person, which was the strongest portion of the whole army, had fallen, then the others too turned and gave way before the Lacedemonians
Book 9 · §63–70 · 📍 [[Plataia]]
Pausanias Mardonios Arimnestos
Now Mardonios was slain by Arimnestos, a man of consideration in Sparta
Book 9 · §63–70 · 📍 [[Stenycleros]] · afterwards, when the Median wars were over
both he was slain and also the three hundred
Book 9 · §63–70 · 📍 [[Phokis]] · when the fighting began
Then he no longer led his men in the same order as before, but set off at a run, taking flight by the quickest way not to the palisade nor yet to the wall of the Thebans, but towards Phokis, desiring as quickly as possible to reach the Hellespont.
Book 9 · §63–70 · 📍 [[Kithairon]]
and having fallen upon them they slew six hundred of them, and the rest they pursued and drove to Kithairon.
Book 9 · §63–70 · 📍 [[the palisade]]
at length by valour and endurance the Athenians mounted up on the wall and made a breach in it, through which the Hellenes poured in.
Book 9 · §71–78
but Aristodemos, since he desired to be slain on account of the before-mentioned charge, was not honoured.
Book 9 · §71–78 · 📍 [[Plataia]]
Callicrates Pausanias
but when Pausanias was offering sacrifice, he was wounded by an arrow in the side, as he was sitting down in his place in the ranks; and while the others were fighting, he having been carried out of the ranks was dying a lingering death:
Book 9 · §71–78 · 📍 [[Daton]] · after these events
To Sophanes himself it happened after these events that when he was general of the Athenians together with Leagros the son of Glaucon, he was slain after proving himself a good man by the Edonians at Daton, fighting for the gold mines.
Book 9 · §71–78 · 📍 [[Cos]]
I am by race of Cos, the daughter of Hegetorides the son of Antagoras; and the Persian took me by force in Cos and kept me a prisoner.
Book 9 · §79–87
Pausanias made a proclamation that none should lay hands upon the spoil, and he ordered the Helots to collect the things together.
Book 9 · §79–87
Pausanias however had ten of each thing set apart and given to him, that is women, horses, talents, camels, and so also of the other things.
Book 9 · §79–87 · 📍 [[Plataia]] · no less than ten years after these events
there is one there called the burial-place of the Eginetans, which I hear was raised at the request of the Eginetans by Cleades the son of Autodicos, a man of Plataia who was their public guest-friend, no less than ten years after these events.
Book 9 · §79–87 · 📍 [[Plataia]] · on the eleventh day after the battle
they determined in common council to march upon Thebes and to ask the Thebans to surrender those who had taken the side of the Medes
Book 9 · §79–87 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · on the eleventh day after the battle
they came accordingly on the eleventh day after the battle and began to besiege the Thebans, bidding them give the men up: and as the Thebans refused to give them up, they began to lay waste their land and also to attack their wall.
Book 9 · §79–87 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · on the twentieth day
on the twentieth day Timagenides spoke as follows to the Thebans: “Thebans, since it has been resolved by the Hellenes not to retire from the siege until either they have taken Thebes or ye have delivered us up to them
Book 9 · §79–87 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · on the twentieth day
Pausanias Timagenides Attaginos
the Thebans forthwith sent a herald to Pausanias offering to deliver up the men.
Book 9 · §96–102 · 📍 [[Mycale]]
Artaÿntes Ithamitres Mardontes Tigranes
Of the commanders of the Persians two made their escape and two were slain; Artaÿntes and Ithamitres commanders of the fleet escaped, while Mardontes and the commander of the land-army, Tigranes, were slain.
Book 9 · §103–110 · 📍 [[Kyrnos]] · after these events
This Hermolycos after these events, when there was war between the Athenians and the Carystians, was killed in battle at Kyrnos in the Carystian land near Geraistos, and there was buried.
Book 9 · §103–110 · as they went by the way
and this man seized him by the middle and lifting him up dashed him upon the ground
Book 9 · §103–110 · 📍 [[Kilikia]]
and for this deed Xeinagoras became ruler of all Kilikia by the gift of the king.
Book 9 · §103–110 · 📍 [[Susa]] · when he had arrived there
and when he had arrived there and had brought the woman into his own house for Dareios, then he ceased from attempting the wife of Masistes and changing his inclination he conceived a desire for the wife of Dareios, who was daughter of Masistes, and obtained her
Book 9 · §111–119 · During this interval of time
she cut away her breasts and threw them to dogs, and she cut off her nose and ears and lips and tongue, and sent her back home thus outraged.
Book 9 · §111–119 · 📍 [[Hellespont]]
The Peloponnesians which Leotychides resolved to sail back to Hellas
Book 9 · §111–119 · 📍 [[Chersonese]]
the Athenians and Xanthippos their commander determined to stay behind there and to make an attempt upon the Chersonese. Those then sailed away, and the Athenians passed over from Abydos to the Chersonese and began to besiege Sestos.
Book 9 · §111–119 · 📍 [[Elaius]]
So when the things had been given him, he brought them from Elaius to Sestos, and he sowed the sacred enclosure for crops and occupied it as his own
Book 9 · §111–119 · 📍 [[Sestos]] · When however autumn came
the Athenians began to be vexed at being absent from their own land and at the same time not able to conquer the fortress, and they requested their commanders to lead them away home; but these said that they would not do so, until either they had taken the town or the public authority of the Athenians sent for them home
Book 9 · §111–119 · 📍 [[Thrace]] · in the night
Oiobazos, as he was escaping into Thrace, was caught by the Apsinthian Thracians and sacrificed to their native god Pleistoros with their rites
Book 9 · §111–119 · 📍 [[Sestos]] · in the night
Artaÿctes with his companions, who started on their flight later and were overtaken at a little distance above Aigospotamoi, defended themselves for a considerable time and were some of them killed and others taken alive
Book 9 · §120–122
Thus he engaged to do, but he did not prevail upon the commander Xanthippos;
Book 9 · §120–122
there they nailed him to boards and hung him up; and they stoned his son to death before the eyes of Artaÿctes himself..
Book 9 · §120–122
Artaÿctes Artembares Cyrus Astyages
Cyrus, hearing this and not being surprised at the proposal, bade them do so if they would; but he exhorted them and bade them prepare in that case to be no longer rulers but subjects;
Book 9 · §120–122
So the Persians acknowledged that he was right and departed from his presence, having their opinion defeated by that of Cyrus; and they chose rather to dwell on poor land and be rulers, than to sow crops in a level plain and be slaves to others.