The Danish History, Books I–IX — Chronicle
Ordered by book. Saxo counts no years: he reckons by the succession of kings — “HADDING was succeeded by FRODE, his son” — and by spans of time such as “Here he passed seven most happy years of peace”, none of which can be turned into a calendar year, so no event is dated: no anchor, no chronology; a date is never inferred. Time expressions are copied onto the events as written. Every event links back to one sentence of the original.
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883 events · no calendar year read from the text
Undated
Preface · Part 1
Absalon, Chief Pontiff of the Danes, whose zeal ever burned high for the glorification of our land, and who would not suffer it to be defrauded of like renown and record, cast upon me, the least of his followers--since all the rest refused the task--the work of compiling into a chronicle the history of Denmark
Preface · Part 1
Andrew, who wast chosen by a most wholesome and accordant vote to be successor in the same office and to headship of spiritual things
Preface · Part 1
Then being made, on account of the height of thy honours and the desert of thy virtues, Secretary to the King
Preface · Part 1
thou hast, by a pious and bountiful will, made over a very rich inheritance to Holy Church
Book One · Part 1
Humble, father of Dan and Angul Dan Angul
Now Dan and Angul, with whom the stock of the Danes begins, were begotten of Humble, their father
Book One · Part 1
Dan Grytha Humble, son of Dan Lother
Grytha, a matron most highly revered among the Teutons, bore him two sons, HUMBLE and LOTHER.
Book One · Part 1 · at his father's death
Humble was elected king at his father's death
Book One · Part 1
For he was taken by Lother in war, and bought his life by yielding up his crown
Book One · Part 2 · Soon after
Skiold Alfhild (daughter of the King of the Saxons)
Thus delivered of his bitterest rival in wooing, he took as the prize of combat the maiden, for the love of whom he had fought, and wedded her in marriage.
Book One · Part 2
afterwards crushing the whole nation of the Allemannians, and forcing them to pay tribute, they being subjugated by the death of their captain.
Book One · Part 2
Gram, chancing to hear that Groa, daughter of Sigtryg, King of the Swedes, was plighted to a certain giant
Book One · Part 2 · 📍 [[Gothland]]
holding accursed an union so unworthy of the blood royal, entered on a Swedish war
Book One · Part 3
Gram Groa (daughter of Sigtryg)
Thus speaking, he cast off his disguises, and revealed his natural comeliness; and by a single sight of him he filled the damsel with well-nigh as much joy as he had struck her with fear before at his counterfeit. She was even incited to his embraces by the splendour of his beauty; nor did he fail to offer her the gifts of love. Having won Groa
Book One · Part 4
Gram, for his marvellous prowess, was granted a share in the sovereignty by his father, who was now in extreme age
Book One · Part 4
But they fought and crushed him, making him an example to all men, that no season of life is to be deemed incompatible with valour.
Book One · Part 4
Gram Signe (daughter of Sumble)
he laid down his arms, the foeman turned into the suitor, and, promising to put away his own wife, he plighted troth with her.
Book One · Part 4
Signe (daughter of Sumble) Henry (King of Saxony) Sumble
he heard from a messenger that Signe had, by Sumble's treachery, been promised in marriage to Henry, King of Saxony.
Book One · Part 4 · 📍 [[Finland]]
Gram Henry (King of Saxony) Signe (daughter of Sumble)
And as he spoke he leapt up from where he lay, and there he cut Henry down while at the sacred board and the embraces of his friends, carried off his bride from amongst the bridesmaids, felled most of the guests, and bore her off with him in his ship.
Book One · Part 4 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Guthorm (son of Gram) Hadding Brage Wagnhofde Hafle Swipdag
GUTHORM and HADDING, the son of Gram (Groa being the mother of the first and Signe of the second), were sent over to Sweden in a ship by their foster-father, Brage (Swipdag being now master of Denmark), and put in charge of the giants Wagnhofde and Hafle, for guard as well as rearing.
Book One · Part 5
he brought back from banishment her brother Guthorm, upon his promising tribute, and made him ruler of the Danes.
Book One · Part 6 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · as soon as he regained it
And he exchanged exile for royalty, for he became king of his own land as soon as he regained it.
Book One · Part 7
Thus Odin, wounded by the double trespass of his wife, resented the outrage to his image as keenly as that to his bed; and, ruffled by these two stinging dishonours, took to an exile overflowing with noble shame, imagining so to wipe off the slur of his ignominy.
Book One · Part 7 · returning from exile
so, returning from exile, he forced all those, who had used his absence to assume the honours of divine rank, to resign them as usurped; and the gangs of sorcerers that had arisen he scattered like a darkness before the advancing glory of his godhead. And he forced them by his power not only to lay down their divinity, but further to quit the country
Book One · Part 7 · Meanwhile
Asmund (son of Swipdag) Hadding
Meanwhile Asmund, the son of Swipdag, fought with Hadding to avenge his father.
Book One · Part 7
Henry (son of Asmund) Asmund (son of Swipdag)
And when he heard that Henry his son, his love for whom he set even before his own life, had fallen fighting valiantly, his soul longed for death
Book One · Part 8
Hadding Asmund (son of Swipdag)
Hadding, flinging his spear by the thong, pierced him through. But Asmund lacked not comfort even for his death; for while his life flickered in the socket he wounded the foot of his slayer, and by this short instant of revenge he memorized his fall, punishing the other with an incurable limp.
Book One · Part 8 · 📍 [[Upsala]]
Asmund's body was buried in solemn state at Upsala and attended with royal obsequies.
Book One · Part 8
His wife Gunnhild, loth to outlive him, cut off her own life with the sword, choosing rather to follow her lord in death than to forsake him by living.
Book One · Part 8 · 📍 [[Denmark]] · After this
But Asmund's son, named Uffe, shrinking from a conflict, transported his army into Denmark, thinking it better to assail the house of his enemy than to guard his own
Book One · Part 8
Thus the Danes had to return and defend their own, preferring the safety of their land to lordship of a foreign realm; and Uffe went back to his own country, now rid of an enemy's arms.
Book One · Part 8 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · When the frosts had been melted by the springtime sun
When the frosts had been melted by the springtime sun, he went back to Sweden and there spent five years in warfare.
Book One · Part 8 · on the morrow's dawn
This prophecy was accomplished on the morrow's dawn by a great slaughter of the Danes.
Book One · Part 8 · 📍 [[Helsingland]] · On that same night
Hadding was conquered and fled to Helsingland
Book One · Part 9 · when he was at sea
For when he was at sea a mighty storm arose and destroyed his fleet in a great tempest:
Book One · Part 9
For, in order to appease the deities, he sacrificed dusky victims to the god Frey.
Book One · Part 9 · as an annual feast
This manner of propitiation by sacrifice he repeated as an annual feast, and left posterity to follow.
Book One · Part 9 · 📍 [[Norway]]
For he went to Norway and overcame by arms him that was so foul, a lover for a princess.
Book One · Part 9
And in order that lapse of time might not make her forget him, she shut up a ring in his wound, and thus left a mark on his leg.
Book One · Part 9 · Afterwards
Hakon (King of the Nitherians) Ragnhild
Afterwards her father granted her freedom to choose her own husband;
Book One · Part 10 · Meantime
Meantime Uffe, who had a marvellously fair daughter, decreed that the man who slew Hadding should have her.
Book One · Part 10 · 📍 [[Upsala]] · after leaving him
Hadding, after leaving him, was bidden by Uffe to Upsala on pretence of a interview; but lost all his escort by treachery, and made his escape sheltered by the night.
Book One · Part 10
For this wrongful act Hadding retaliated and slew Uffe;
Book One · Part 10 · Then
Hadding Hunding (brother of Uffe)
Then, to win the hearts of the people he had subdued, he appointed Hunding, the brother of Uffe, over the realm, that the sovereignty might seem to be maintained in the house of Asmund, and not to have passed into the hand of a stranger.
Book One · Part 11 · 📍 [[Britain]]
Also, fain to get some gain out of the misfortunes of others, he seized the moneys of the slain, and attached to him a certain rover then famous, named Koll;
Book One · Part 11
Ulfhild (daughter of Hadding) Guthorm (husband of Ulfhild)
Hadding's daughter, Ulfhild, who was wife to a certain private person called Guthorm, was moved either by anger at her match, or with aspirations to glory, and throwing aside all heed of daughterly love, tempted her husband to slay her father;
Book One · Part 12
Ulfhild (daughter of Hadding) Hadding
Thus Ulfhild importuned, and her husband was overcome by her promptings, and promised his help to the treachery.
Book One · Part 12
Hadding Ulfhild (daughter of Hadding)
He went to the feast, which his daughter had made ready for him with a show of love, and posted an armed guard hard by to use against the treachery when need was. As he ate, the henchman who was employed to do the deed of guile silently awaited a fitting moment for his crime, his dagger hid under his robe. The king, remarking him, blew on the trumpet a signal to the soldiers who were stationed near; they straightway brought aid, and he made the guile recoil on its deviser.
Book One · Part 12
Hunding (brother of Uffe) Hadding
And while he was passing through the palace in fulfilment of his office, he stumbled and fell into the jar, and, being choked by the liquor, gave up the ghost; thus atoning either to Orcus, whom he was appeasing by a baseless performance of the rites, or to Hadding, about whose death he had spoken falsely.
Book One · Part 12
Hadding Hunding (brother of Uffe)
Hadding, when he heard this, wished to pay like thanks to his worshipper, and, not enduring to survive his death, hanged himself in sight of the whole people.
Book Two · Part 1
Hadding Frode (son of Hadding)
HADDING was succeeded by FRODE, his son, whose fortunes were many and changeful.
Book Two · Part 1
Then it shot out its flickering tongue again and again, and gasped away life and venom together.
Book Two · Part 1
Having said this, he wasted all the places which he saw would be hard to protect, distrusting his power to guard them, and he so far forestalled the ruthlessness of the foe in ravaging his own land, that he left nothing untouched which could be seized by those who came after.
Book Two · Part 1
Then he shut up the greater part of his forces in a town of undoubted strength, and suffered the enemy to blockade him.
Book Two · Part 1
The townsmen fell upon it, missed their footing everywhere, rolled forward into the pits, and were massacred by him under a shower of spears.
Book Two · Part 2 · by night
Frode (son of Hadding) Trannon
Thus the Ruthenians were conquered, and Frode made his way back home.
Book Two · Part 2 · 📍 [[Rotel]]
Thus he prevailed over the river; and the town, which lacked natural defences, he overthrew, his soldiers breaking in without resistance.
Book Two · Part 2 · 📍 [[Paltisca]]
Frode (son of Hadding) Vespasins
This rumour led Vespasins, the king of the city, to show so faint and feeble a defence, as though the victory was already his, that the enemy got a chance of breaking in, and slew him as he sported at his ease.
Book Two · Part 2 · 📍 [[city of Handwan]] · on the next day
Frode (son of Hadding) Handwan
Thus the sentries were eluded and the city despoiled while it was buried in sleep; so that it paid for its heedlessness with destruction
Book Two · Part 2
Handwan, seeing that the fortunes of his country were lost and overthrown, put all his royal wealth on shipboard and drowned it in the sea
Book Two · Part 2 · After this
Frode (son of Hadding) Handwan
The courtliness of this saying not only won him his conqueror for son-in-law, but saved the freedom of his realm.
Book Two · Part 3 · at last
Thorhild (wife of Hunding) Ragnar (husband of Swanhwid) Thorwald
at last made them the king's shepherds.
Book Two · Part 3
Swanhwid Ragnar (husband of Swanhwid)
Thus was the youth kindled, and she plighted her troth with him,
Book Two · Part 4 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Swanhwid Ragnar (husband of Swanhwid)
This done, she won the throne of Sweden for Ragnar, and Ragnar for her husband.
Book Two · Part 4 · 📍 [[Denmark]] · Meantime
Ubbe (husband of Ulfhild) Ulfhild (daughter of Hadding)
Meantime one Ubbe, who had long since wedded Ulfhild the sister of Frode, trusting in the high birth of his wife, seized the kingdom of Denmark, which he was managing carelessly as deputy.
Book Two · Part 4 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Frode (son of Hadding) Swanhwid
Frode was thus forced to quit the wars of the East and fought a great battle in Sweden with his sister Swanhwid, in which he was beaten.
Book Two · Part 4
Frode (son of Hadding) Swanhwid Ragnar (husband of Swanhwid)
These reasonable entreaties touched Frode, and he made a peace with Ragnar, and forgave, at his sister's request, the wrongdoing which Ragnar, seemed to have begun because of her wantonness.
Book Two · Part 4
Swanhwid Ragnar (husband of Swanhwid) Frode (son of Hadding)
They presented him with a force equal to that which they had caused him to lose: a handsome gift in which he rejoiced as compensation for so ugly a reverse.
Book Two · Part 4 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
Ragnar (husband of Swanhwid) Ubbe (husband of Ulfhild)
Ragnar, entering Denmark, captured Ubbe, had him brought before him, and pardoned him, preferring to visit his ill deserts with grace rather than chastisement;
Book Two · Part 4
Ragnar (husband of Swanhwid) Ulfhild (daughter of Hadding) Scot
But he took Ulfhild away from him and forced her to wed his friend Scot, the same man that founded the Scottish name;
Book Two · Part 4
Ulfhild (daughter of Hadding) Scot
Finding the ears of her husband deaf, she diverted her treachery from her brother against her lord, hiring bravoes to cut his throat while he slept.
Book Two · Part 4 · on the night on which he had heard the deed of murder was to be wrought upon him
Scot Ulfhild (daughter of Hadding)
The agents of the treachery, when they imagined him in a deep sleep, burst in; but he slipped from his bed and cut them down.
Book Two · Part 5 · Meantime
and they were conquered, overwhelmed by the missiles of the Danes.
Book Two · Part 5 · 📍 [[Germany]] · Then
Then Frode explored the Rhine in his fleet, and laid hands on the farthest parts of Germany.
Book Two · Part 5 · 📍 [[Britain]] · Then
Frode (son of Hadding) Melbrik (governor of the Scottish district)
and attacked Melbrik, the Governor of the Scottish district.
Book Two · Part 6
The knight had scarce ended, when behold; the hands of all were loosed upon the booty and everywhere plucked up the shining treasure.
Book Two · Part 7 · 📍 [[London]] · a night
They feigned to be making a careful choice, but beset Daleman in a night surprise and slew him.
Book Two · Part 7
Frode (son of Hadding) Hunding (challenger of Frode)
In the combat he received a dangerous wound; but a taunt of Hakon the champion again roused him, and, slaying his challenger, he took vengeance for the disturbance of his rest.
Book Two · Part 7
Frode (son of Hadding) Ragnar (husband of Swanhwid)
While he was attacking Ragnar, the King of Sweden, who had been falsely accused of treachery, he perished, not by the spears, but stifled in the weight of his arms and by the heat of his own body.
Book Two · Part 7
Halfdan (son of Frode) Ro (son of Frode) Skat (son of Frode)
Halfdan, the eldest son, disgraced his birth with the sin of slaying his brethren, winning his kingdom by the murder of his kin;
Book Two · Part 7
The most notable thing in the fortunes of Halfdan was this, that though he devoted every instant of his life to the practice of cruel deeds, yet he died of old age, and not by the steel.
Book Two · Part 7 · 📍 [[Roskild]]
Ro is said to have been the founder of Roskild, which was later increased in population and enhanced in power by Sweyn, who was famous for the surname Forkbeard.
Book Two · Part 7 · 📍 [[Sklavia]]
Helge (son of Halfdan) Skalk (King of Sklavia)
Dividing the realm with his brother, Helge was allotted the domain of the sea; and attacking Skalk, the King of Sklavia, with his naval force, he slew him. Having reduced Sklavia into a province, he scoured the various arms of the sea in a wandering voyage.
Book Two · Part 7
Helge (son of Halfdan) Thora (mother of Urse) Urse
In Thorey he ravished the maiden Thora, who bore a daughter, to whom she afterwards gave the name of Urse.
Book Two · Part 7 · 📍 [[Stad]]
Helge (son of Halfdan) Hunding (son of Syrik)
Then he conquered in battle, before the town of Stad, the son of Syrik, King of Saxony, Hunding, whom he challenged, attacked, and slew in duel.
Book Two · Part 7 · 📍 [[Jutland]]
Helge (son of Halfdan) Heske Eyr Ler
He took Jutland out of the power of the Saxons, and entrusted its management to his generals, Heske, Eyr, and Ler.
Book Two · Part 8 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · Meantime
Meantime Ragnar died in Sweden;
Book Two · Part 8 · soon after
Swanhwid his wife passed away soon after of a malady which she had taken from her sorrow
Book Two · Part 8 · 📍 [[the East]]
Hothbrodd Athisl (son of Hothbrodd) Hother
after a huge massacre of many peoples begat two sons, Athisl and Hother
Book Two · Part 8 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
he assailed Denmark, challenged its king, Ro, in three battles, and slew him.
Book Two · Part 8 · When he heard this
Helge (son of Halfdan) Hothbrodd
Also he annihilated Hothbrodd himself and all his forces in a naval battle
Book Two · Part 8 · 📍 [[the East]] · After these deeds
went back to the East, and there died.
Book Two · Part 9 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · In his time
Athisl (son of Hothbrodd) Rolf Urse
Athisl, the son of Hothbrodd, in pursuit of a crafty design to set his country free, contrived to marry Rolf's mother, Urse, thinking that his kinship by marriage would plead for him, and enable him to prompt his stepson more effectually to relax the tribute; and fortune prospered his wishes.
Book Two · Part 9
Urse Athisl (son of Hothbrodd)
For she thought that she would best gain her desire if, as soon as her son had got his stepfather's gold, she could snatch up the royal treasures and flee, robbing her husband of bed and money to hoot.
Book Two · Part 9
Rolf Athisl (son of Hothbrodd)
Accordingly, Rolf, tempted by the greatness of the gifts, chanced to enter the house of Athisl.
Book Two · Part 9
Athisl (son of Hothbrodd) Rolf
And they say that he showered treasures on his stepson, and at last, in order to crown the gift, bestowed on him an enormously heavy necklace.
Book Two · Part 10 · on the third day of the banquet
on the third day of the banquet, without her husband ever dreaming of such a thing, put all the king's wealth into carriages, and going out stealthily, stole away from her own dwelling and fled in the glimmering twilight, departing with her son.
Book Two · Part 10
Athisl (son of Hothbrodd) Rolf
So Athisl, when he saw the necklace that he had given to Rolf left among the other golden ornaments, gazed fixedly upon the dearest treasure of his avarice, and, in order to pick up the plunder, glued his knees to the earth and deigned to stoop his royalty unto greed. Rolf, seeing him lie abjectly on his face in order to gather up the money
Book Two · Part 10
Rolf quickly retired to his ships, and managed to escape by rowing violently.
Book Two · Part 11 · At this time
At this time, a certain Agnar, son of Ingild, being about to wed Rute, the sister of Rolf, celebrated his bridal with a great banquet.
Book Two · Part 11
Then Bjarke, who was to deal the return-stroke, leaned his foot against a stock, in order to give the freer poise to his steel, and passed his fine-edged blade through the midst of Agnar's body.
Book Two · Part 11 · When Rolf was harried by Athisl
Rolf Athisl (son of Hothbrodd)
When Rolf was harried by Athisl he avenged himself on him in battle and overthrew Athisl in war.
Book Two · Part 12 · that same night
and, resenting that she needed a successor to his love, he cut off her nose and made her unsightly
Book Two · Part 12
At this utterance, Bjarke, awakened, roused up his chamber-page Skalk speedily
Book Two · Part 13
And when Hjalte had wrought very great carnage and stained the battle with blood
Book Two · Part 14
But Rolf the righteous assailed him, slew him, and captured his vast wealth
Book Two · Part 14
and shared among worthy friends what the hand of avarice had piled up in all those years
Book Two · Part 15
when I felled Agnar, son of Ingild, and brought the trophy home.
Book Two · Part 16
Now, it came to pass that the Goths gained the victory and all the array of Rolf fell, no man save Wigg remaining out of all those warriors.
Book Two · Part 16 · the same day
Thus the royalty of Hiartuar was won and ended on the same day.
Book Three · Part 2 · Once as he watched all night
Aiming a spear at him, he brought him down with the blow, stopped him, and bound him, while he could not make his escape. Then in the most dreadful words he threatened him with the worst, and demanded the sword and bracelets. The Satyr was not slow to tender him the ransom of his life for which he was asked.
Book Three · Part 3 · At this time
Kuse Helgi (King of Halogaland)
Kuse despised his embassy, answering that that man did not deserve a wife who trusted too little to his own manhood, and borrowed by entreaty the aid of others in order to gain his suit.
Book Three · Part 3 · 📍 [[Norway]]
Hother Helgi (King of Halogaland)
The earnest entreaties of the youth prevailed on Hother, and he went to Norway with an armed fleet, intending to achieve by arms the end which he could not by words.
Book Three · Part 3
Kuse Thora (daughter of Kuse) Helgi (King of Halogaland)
He called her in and asked her whether she felt a liking for her wooer; and when she assented he promised Helgi her hand.
Book Three · Part 3
Hother Helgi (King of Halogaland) Balder Odin Thor
Amid all the desires of their souls the passion of valour prevailed, and a naval battle was fought with Balder.
Book Three · Part 3 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · Next
Hother Helgi (King of Halogaland) Thora (daughter of Kuse)
Next, having treated Helgi and Thora very generously, he brought his new queen back to Sweden, being as much honoured by all for his victory as Balder was laughed at for his flight.
Book Three · Part 4
The conquering Balder, in order to slake his soldiers, who were parched with thirst, with the blessing of a timely draught, pierced the earth deep and disclosed a fresh spring.
Book Three · Part 4 · a little after
Athisl (son of Hothbrodd) Hother
he drank too greedily, and paid for his filthy intemperance by his sudden end.
Book Three · Part 4 · 📍 [[Isefjord]]
Thereupon he took possession, with a very great fleet, of Isefjord, a haven of Zealand, so as to make use of his impending fortune.
Book Three · Part 4 · a little after
Hother Athisl (son of Hothbrodd)
on hearing of the death of his brother Athisl, whom he had bidden rule the Swedes, he joined the Swedish empire to that of Denmark.
Book Three · Part 4 · 📍 [[Zealand]] · While Hother was in Sweden
While Hother was in Sweden, Balder also came to Zealand with a fleet;
Book Three · Part 4 · 📍 [[Zealand]]
the Danes accorded him with the readiest of voices whatever he asked concerning the supreme power.
Book Three · Part 5 · About the third watch
About the third watch, Hother, unknown to any man, went out to spy upon the enemy, anxiety about the impending peril having banished sleep.
Book Three · Part 5
Now the same nymphs, in their gracious kindliness, bestowed on him a belt of perfect sheen and a girdle which assured victory.
Book Three · Part 5 · on the morrow
He, feeling no doubt of his impending death, and stung by the anguish of his wound, renewed the battle on the morrow;
Book Three · Part 5 · On the night following
On the night following, Proserpine was seen to stand by him in a vision, and to promise that on the morrow he should have her embrace.
Book Three · Part 5 · when three days had passed
The boding of the dream was not idle; for when three days had passed, Balder perished from the excessive torture of his wound;
Book Three · Part 5
and his body given a royal funeral, the army causing it to be buried in a barrow which they had made.
Book Three · Part 6
Odin, when he heard this, muffled his face with a cap, that his garb might not betray him, and entered the service of the said king as a soldier; and being made by him captain of the soldiers, and given an army, won a splendid victory over the enemy.
Book Three · Part 6
being made by him captain of the soldiers, and given an army, won a splendid victory over the enemy.
Book Three · Part 6
A very little while afterwards Odin routed the enemy single-handed, and returned, at once the messenger and the doer of the deed.
Book Three · Part 6
Trusting in these services, he privily let the king into the secret of his love, and was refreshed by his most gracious favour; but when he sought a kiss from the maiden, he received a cuff.
Book Three · Part 6 · Next year
But no services could assuage the wrath of Rinda; when he was fain to kiss her she cuffed him;
Book Three · Part 6
Her father fell to upbraiding her heavily for refusing the match; but she loathed to wed an old man, and the plea of her tender years lent her some support in her scorning of his hand; for she said that a young girl ought not to marry prematurely.
Book Three · Part 7
But his fault was soon followed by a remorse that was full of shame, when his daughter bore a child.
Book Three · Part 7 · 📍 [[Byzantium]]
And they had him not only ousted from the headship, but outlawed and stripped of all worship and honour at home;
Book Three · Part 7
Also, to omit no circumstance of greatness, they further gave his the name of Odin, trying by the prestige of that title to be rid of the obloquy of innovation.
Book Three · Part 7 · at last
but at last the gods pitied the horrible exile of Odin, and thought that he had now been punished heavily enough; so he exchanged his foul and unsightly estate for his ancient splendour; for the lapse of time had now wiped out the brand of his earlier disgrace.
Book Three · Part 8 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Here, while he was trying, as if in a new world, to repair the records of his glory, the Danes slew him.
Book Three · Part 8
So he besought them to make his son RORIK king, so that the judgment of wicked men should not transfer the royalty to strange and unknown houses; averring that he would reap more joy from the succession of his son than bitterness from his own impending death. This request was speedily granted.
Book Three · Part 9
Rorik chanced to have six bracelets, which were so intertwined that they could not be parted from one another, the chain of knots being inextricaly laced; and he promised them as a reward for the man who would venture on the combat.
Book Three · Part 10
Rorik Slyngebond Ubbe (champion of Rorik)
so, being stationed on his vessel, he resolved to shake off the bracelets, and with a mighty swing send them to the asker. But his attempt was baulked by the width of the gap between them; for the bracelets fell short of the intended spot, the impulse being too faint and slack, and were reft away by the waters.
Book Three · Part 10
the champions engage; a din arises; the crowd of onlookers shouts in discord, each backing his own. And so the valour of the champions blazes to white-heat; falling dead under the wounds dealt by one another, they end together the combat and their lives.
Book Three · Part 10
This event won back to Rorik the hearts of the insurgents and regained him the tribute.
Book Three · Part 11 · 📍 [[Jutland]] · At this time
Horwendil Feng Rorik Slyngebond
At this time Horwendil and Feng, whose father Gerwendil had been governor of the Jutes, were appointed in his place by Rorik to defend Jutland.
Book Three · Part 11 · in order to win higher rank in Rorik's favour
He had now passed three years in valiant deeds of war; and, in order to win higher rank in Rorik's favour, he assigned to him the best trophies and the pick of the plunder.
Book Three · Part 12 · Every day
So he chose to feign dulness, and pretend an utter lack of wits. This cunning course not only concealed his intelligence but ensured his safety.
Book Three · Part 13
For Amleth saw the gadfly, espied with curiosity the straw which it wore embedded in its tail, and perceived that it was a secret warning to beware of treachery.
Book Three · Part 13
Moreover, when they had lain together, he conjured her earnestly to disclose the matter to none, and the promise of silence was accorded as heartily as it was asked.
Book Three · Part 14
Feeling a lump beneath his feet, he drove his sword into the spot, and impaled him who lay hid. Then he dragged him from his concealment and slew him.
Book Three · Part 14
As for me, not idly do I wear the mask of folly; for I doubt not that he who destroyed his brother will riot as ruthlessly in the blood of his kindred. Therefore it is better to choose the garb of dulness than that of sense, and to borrow some protection from a show of utter frenzy.
Book Three · Part 15 · While they were reposing
Whereupon he erased all the writing on the surface, substituted fresh characters, and so, changing the purport of the instructions, shifted his own doom upon his companions.
Book Three · Part 16
Then the king adored the wisdom of Amleth as though it were inspired, and gave him his daughter to wife;
Book Three · Part 16 · on the morrow
Moreover, in order to fulfil the bidding of his friend, he hanged Amleth's companions on the morrow.
Book Three · Part 17 · 📍 [[Jutland]] · When he had passed a whole year with the king
When he had passed a whole year with the king he obtained leave to make a journey, and returned to his own land, carrying away of all his princely wealth and state only the sticks which held the gold. On reaching Jutland, he exchanged his present attire for his ancient demeanour, which he had adopted for righteous ends, purposely assuming an aspect of absurdity. Covered with filth, he entered the banquet-room where his own obsequies were being held, and struck all men utterly aghast, rumour having falsely noised abroad his death.
Book Three · Part 17
After this he set fire to the palace. The flames spread, scattering the conflagration far and wide. It enveloped the whole dwelling, destroyed the palace, and burnt them all while they were either buried in deep sleep or vainly striving to arise.
Book Four · Part 3 · 📍 [[Britain]] · After these deeds in Denmark
After these deeds in Denmark, Amleth equipped three vessels, and went back to Britain to see his wife and her father.
Book Four · Part 3 · of old
For Feng and he had determined of old, by a mutual compact, that one of them should act as avenger of the other.
Book Four · Part 3 · His queen having lately died of illness
His queen having lately died of illness, he requested Amleth to undertake the mission of making him a fresh match, saying that he was highly delighted with his extraordinary shrewdness. He declared that there was a certain queen reigning in Scotland, whom he vehemently desired to marry.
Book Four · Part 4 · 📍 [[Scotland]]
Then she knew that here was the man who, trusting in his own nicely calculated scheme, had avenged on his uncle the murder of his father.
Book Four · Part 4 · 📍 [[Scotland]]
But she wrote in its place a commission purporting to be sent from the King of Britain to herself, signed like the other with his name and title, wherein she pretended that she was asked to marry the bearer.
Book Four · Part 4 · 📍 [[Scotland]]
Therefore she pressed him to transfer his wooing, to make over to her his marriage vows, and to learn to prefer birth to beauty. So saying, she fell upon him with a close embrace.
Book Four · Part 5
Then a banquet was held, friends bidden, the nobles gathered, and the marriage rites performed.
Book Four · Part 5 · 📍 [[Britain]]
When they were accomplished, he went back to Britain with his bride
Book Four · Part 5
Amleth daughter of the King of Britain
By this speech she showed herself more inclined to love her husband than her father.
Book Four · Part 5
As he rode up close, the king attacked him just under the porch of the folding doors, and would have thrust him through with his javelin, but that the hard shirt of mail threw off the blade. Amleth received a slight wound
Book Four · Part 5 · on the morrow
The Britons, terrified at the spectacle, fled before fighting, conquered by the dead men whom they had overcome in life.
Book Four · Part 5
The Danes came down on the king as he was tardily making off, and killed him.
Book Four · Part 5 · 📍 [[Britain]]
Amleth, triumphant, made a great plundering, seized the spoils of Britain, and went back with his wives to his own land.
Book Four · Part 6 · when Amleth had been slain
she yielded herself up unasked to be the conqueror's spoil and bride.
Book Four · Part 6
Wiglek's administration of the kingdom was long and peaceful, and he died of disease.
Book Four · Part 6 · in his old age
He had no children during the prime of his life, but in his old age, by a belated gift of fortune, he begat a son, Uffe,
Book Four · Part 6
His father, seeing him such a simpleton, got him for a wife the daughter of Frowin, the governor of the men of Sleswik;
Book Four · Part 7 · 📍 [[Sleswik]] · At this time
Athisl (slain by Ket and Wig) Frowin
The end was that, though the blows rained thick on either side, Athisl prevailed and overthrew Frowin, and won a public victory as well as a duel
Book Four · Part 7 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
This prompted Athisl to carry the war again into Denmark. Emboldened therefore by his previous battle, he called back, bringing with him not only no slender and feeble force, but all the flower of the valour of Sweden, thinking he would seize the supremacy of all Denmark.
Book Four · Part 7 · when battle had begun
Folk Athisl (slain by Ket and Wig)
Folk and Athisl met and fought a long while together; and that the host of the Swedes, following the fate of their captain, took to flight, and Athisl also was wounded and fled from the battle to his ships.
Book Four · Part 9 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · After this
After this Athisl fled back to Sweden
Book Four · Part 9
Athisl (slain by Ket and Wig) Frowin
Athisl answered that it was idle to credit others with the death of Frowin, which he, and he alone, had accomplished in mutual combat.
Book Four · Part 10
Athisl (slain by Ket and Wig) Ket
But Ket received him with so sturdy a stroke of his sword, that it split the helmet and forced its way down upon the head.
Book Four · Part 10
Athisl (slain by Ket and Wig) Ket Wig
Wig, leaning more to personal love than to general usage, could not bear the sight, but made affection conquer shame, and attacking Athisl, chose rather to defend the weakness of his brother than to look on at it.
Book Four · Part 10
Athisl (slain by Ket and Wig) Ket Wig
Thereupon they perceived themselves that their killing of Athisl had been more swift than glorious. Yet, not to hide the deed from the common people, they cut off his head, slung his body on a horse, took it out of the wood, and handed it over to the dwellers in a village near, announcing that the sons of Frowin had taken vengeance upon Athisl, King of the Swedes, for the slaying of their father.
Book Four · Part 11
Yet, that he might not be thought to make over the honours of his ancient freedom, like a madman, to the possession of another, he would accept the challenge with his own hand.
Book Four · Part 11
Then said Uffe, "that it was idle for their king to covet a realm which could rely not only on the service of its own ruler, but also on the arms and wisdom of most valiant nobles. Moreover, the king did not lack a son nor the kingdom an heir; and they were to know that he had made up his mind to fight not only the son of their king, but also, at the same time, whatsoever man the prince should elect as his comrade out of the bravest of their nation."
Book Four · Part 11 · Instantly
Instantly the ground for the battle was agreed on, and a fixed time appointed.
Book Four · Part 11 · on the departure of the envoys
But on the departure of the envoys Wermund praised him who had made the answer, because he had proved his confidence in his own valour by challenging not one only, but two; and said that he would sooner quit his kingdom for him, whoever he was, than for an insolent foe.
Book Four · Part 12 · At last
At last he recognised the tokens, found the spot where he had buried the sword, drew it out of its hole, and handed it to his son.
Book Four · Part 12
The other complied, and when shame drove him to fight at close quarters, Uffe clove him through with the first stroke of his blade.
Book Four · Part 12 · Then
Then, when the judges announced that his son had killed both enemies, he burst into tears from excess of joy.
Book Four · Part 12 · Then
Then no more was heard of the disgrace of the murder of Athisl, and there was an end of the taunts of the Saxons.
Book Four · Part 13 · 📍 [[Saxony]]
Thus the realm of Saxony was transferred to the Danes, and Uffe, after his father, undertook its government; and he, who had not been thought equal to administering a single kingdom properly, was now appointed to manage both.
Book Four · Part 13
Dan (son of Uffe) Uffe (son of Wermund)
Uffe was succeeded by his son DAN, who carried his arms against foreigners
Book Four · Part 13
Hugleik (king of the Danes) Homod (despot of Sweden) Hogrim
After this HUGLEIK was king, who is said to have defeated in battle at sea Homod and Hogrim, the despots of Sweden.
Book Four · Part 13
So Frode caught up some dust from the ground whence Froger had gone, and thought that he had been granted an omen of victory. Nor was he deceived in his presage; for he straightway slew Froger
Book Four · Part 13 · When he was in the twelfth year of his age
Dan (successor of Frode the Vigorous)
Ashamed, he preferred fighting to payment and was moved to die stoutly rather than live a coward. So he elected to fight
Book Four · Part 13 · 📍 [[Elbe]]
Dan (successor of Frode the Vigorous)
The end was that the King of Saxony had to accept the very terms he was demanding from the Danes.
Book Four · Part 14 · After Dan
After Dan, FRIDLEIF, surnamed the Swift, assumed the sovereignty.
Book Four · Part 14 · During his reign
Huyrwil Rusila (foe of Huyrwil)
No small fame was added to his deeds by the defeat of the amazon Rusila, who aspired with military ardour to prowess in battle
Book Four · Part 14
Their confederacy emboldened him to break the treaty which he made with the Danes
Book Four · Part 14 · 📍 [[Zealand]] · When Huyrwil attacked the southern side of Zealand
Fridleif the Swift Huyrwil Bild Brodd (son of Finn) Bug Fanning Gunholm
For, after slaying Huyrwil, Bug, and Fanning, he killed Gunholm, who was accustomed to blunt the blade of an enemy with spells, by a shower of blows from his hilt.
Book Four · Part 14 · at night
But, in the same night, Bild and Brodd cut the cables with which the ships were joined, and stealthily severed their own vessels from the rest, thus yielding to their own terrors by deserting their brethren, and obeying the impulses of fear rather than fraternal love.
Book Four · Part 14 · 📍 [[Dublin]] · While Fridleif was besieging Dublin
When the birds got back in their own nesting-place, the dwellings suddenly flared up; and while the citizens all ran up to quench them, and paid more heed to abating the fire than to looking after the enemy, Fridleif took Dublin.
Book Five · Part 1 · After the death of Fridleif
Fridleif the Swift Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
After the death of Fridleif, his son FRODE, aged seven, was elected in his stead by the unanimous decision of the Danes.
Book Five · Part 1
Westmar Koll (guardian of Frode) Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
So a selection was made, and the brothers Westmar and Koll were summoned to the charge of bringing up the king.
Book Five · Part 1
Isulf Agg (guardian of Frode) Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
Isulf, also, and Agg and eight other men of mark were not only entrusted with the guardianship of the king, but also granted authority to administer the realm under him.
Book Five · Part 1
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Odd (grandson of Fridleif)
Frode had also given the supremacy of the sea to Odd;
Book Five · Part 1 · At last
Grep (eldest son of Westmar) Gunwar
At last the eldest of those who shared the name of Grep, wishing to regulate and steady his promiscuous wantonness, ventured to seek a haven for his vagrant amours in the love of the king's sister.
Book Five · Part 1
She, much fearing the impudence of her wooer, and wishing to be safer from outrage, went into a fortified building.
Book Five · Part 2
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
At first he alleged his tender years as an excuse, but in the end yielded to the persistent requests of his people.
Book Five · Part 2
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Gotwar
The king saw that a bribe was wanted, and, proffering a golden necklace, promised it as the reward of her embassy.
Book Five · Part 2
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Gotwar Westmar Koll (guardian of Frode)
Frode also ordered that Westmar and Koll, with their sons, should be summoned to go on the same embassy, thinking that their cunning would avoid the shame of a rebuff.
Book Five · Part 2
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Westmar
The princess said that she disdained Frode because he lacked honour and glory.
Book Five · Part 2
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Gotwar
Also by the drink which she gave she changed the strictness of the maiden to desire, and replaced her vanished anger with love and delight.
Book Five · Part 2
Gotwar Westmar Koll (guardian of Frode)
Then she bade Westmar, Koll, and their sons go to the king and urge their mission afresh; and finally, should they find him froward, to anticipate a rebuff by a challenge to fight.
Book Five · Part 3
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
he promised her in marriage to Frode. Then, having laid in ample stores, he took her away with the most splendid pomp, and, followed by the envoys, hastened to Denmark, knowing that a father was the best person to give away a daughter in marriage. Frode welcomed his bride most joyfully, and also bestowed the highest honours upon his future royal father-in-law; and when the marriage rites were over, dismissed him with a large gift of gold and silver.
Book Five · Part 4
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Hanund
And so with Hanund, the daughter of the King of the Huns, for his wife, he passed three years in the most prosperous peace.
Book Five · Part 4
Grep (eldest son of Westmar) Hanund Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
But Grep was contented with no humble loves; he broke out so outrageously that he was guilty of intercourse with the queen, and proved as false to the king as he was violent to all other men.
Book Five · Part 4
Grep (eldest son of Westmar) Gunwar
So he first gathered all the wooers of Gunwar together on the pretence of a banquet, and then lined the customary room of the princess with their heads--a gruesome spectacle for all the rest.
Book Five · Part 4
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Grep (eldest son of Westmar)
At his request the king granted him leave to examine the merits of the young men.
Book Five · Part 5 · now
Gotar (king of Norway) Erik Shrewd-spoken
now marvelled that he had graced his answer with sentences so choice and weighty, and gave him the name of Shrewd-spoken
Book Five · Part 5
Gotar (king of Norway) Erik Shrewd-spoken
The king gave him a ship, and the oarsmen called it "Skroter."
Book Five · Part 5 · And so
And so, by leave of Gotar, the task of making a raid on the Danes fell to one Hrafn.
Book Five · Part 5
Hrafn Odd (grandson of Fridleif)
So Hrafn and many of his men were slain, and only six vessels slipped back to Norway to teach the king that it was not so easy to crush the Danes.
Book Five · Part 5
Roller, who was a great traveller abroad, and eager to visit unknown parts, made a vow that he would get into the company of Frode.
Book Five · Part 5 · At last
At last, seeing him persisting stubbornly in his purpose, Erik bound himself under a similar vow
Book Five · Part 5 · 📍 [[the forest]] · on the morrow
Ragnar (father of Erik) Erik Shrewd-spoken Roller
Also he revealed to them treasures which had long lain hid in caverns of the earth; and they were suffered to gather up whatsoever of these they would.
Book Five · Part 6 · meanwhile
Roller was sent by his father to find out what had passed at home in the meanwhile.
Book Five · Part 6
For the potency of the meal bred in him the fulness of all kinds of knowledge to an incredible degree, so that he had cunning to interpret even the utterances of wild beasts and cattle.
Book Five · Part 6
Kraka Erik Shrewd-spoken Roller
Soon she began to sigh, and entreat Eric that he should never fail to help his brother, whose mother had heaped on him fortune so rich and strange: for by tasting a single savoury meal he had clearly attained sovereign wit and eloquence, besides the promise of success in combat.
Book Five · Part 6 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
Kraka Ragnar (father of Erik) Erik Shrewd-spoken Roller
Then Kraka, accompanied by her husband, took away the brothers on their journey to the sea. They embarked in a single ship, but soon attached two others. They had already reached the coast of Denmark, when, reconnoitering, they learned that seven ships had come up at no great distance.
Book Five · Part 6 · at daybreak
Erik Shrewd-spoken Odd (grandson of Fridleif)
The spies slipped off in the first sleep of the night, reported that Odd had filled all his vessels with pebbles, and also told everything else they had heard.
Book Five · Part 7
Erik Shrewd-spoken Odd (grandson of Fridleif)
Thus was Odd slain with all his crew; the look-outs were captured, and it was found that no man escaped to tell the tale of the disaster.
Book Five · Part 8 · At this
At this Grep, shorn of his glibness of rejoinder, set spurs to his horse and rode away.
Book Five · Part 8 · when he reached home
Now when he reached home, he filled the palace with uproarious and vehement clamour; and shouting that he had been worsted in words, roused all his soldiers to fight
Book Five · Part 8 · 📍 [[the shore]]
from asking leave at least to try his sorceries by way of revenge. He gained his request, and prepared to go back to the shore with a chosen troop of wizards.
Book Five · Part 8 · 📍 [[the bridge]] · straightway
For straightway the head was shaken off, the stick fell and crushed the bearer.
Book Five · Part 8 · 📍 [[the palace]] · when Erik stepped upon it
and when Erik stepped upon it, they suddenly jerked it away by dragging a rope, and would have tripped him as he stood upon it, had not Roller, following behind, caught his brother on his breast as he tottered.
Book Five · Part 9 · midwinter
Erik Shrewd-spoken Koll (guardian of Frode)
But when Koll, who was the keeper of the gifts offered to the king, asked him whether he had brought any presents with him, he produced the ice which he had hidden in his breast. And when he had handed it to Koll across the hearth, he purposely let it go into the fire, as though it had slipped from the hand of the receiver.
Book Five · Part 9
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Koll (guardian of Frode)
And so the king, being counselled to allow the punishment as inevitable, gave leave for Koll to be hanged.
Book Five · Part 9
Erik Shrewd-spoken Odd (grandson of Fridleif)
For under the name I gave before of `spear-point' I signified Odd, whom my hand had slain.
Book Five · Part 9
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Erik Shrewd-spoken
The king straightway took a bracelet from his arm, and gave it to him as the appointed reward
Book Five · Part 9
Grep (eldest son of Westmar) Hanund
he confessed that he had committed it with thy wife.
Book Five · Part 9
and she not only confessed her guilt by a cry, but also put forth in her face a blushing signal of her sin, and gave manifest token of her fault.
Book Five · Part 9
Grep (eldest son of Westmar) Erik Shrewd-spoken
but Grep sprang up and ran forward to transfix Erik with a spear, wishing to buy off his own death by slaying the accuser.
Book Five · Part 9
Roller Grep (eldest son of Westmar)
But Roller fell on him with drawn sword, and dealt him first the doom he had himself purposed.
Book Five · Part 10 · 📍 [[the frozen sea]]
Erik Shrewd-spoken Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
The king granted a truce for preparations, and bade the sons of Westmar withdraw, saying that it was amiss that a guest, even if he had deserved ill should be driven from his lodging.
Book Five · Part 10
Erik Shrewd-spoken Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
The king saw his mistake in his promise, and gave him the maiden, being loth to undo his heedlessness by fickleness, and that the weight of his pledge might seem the greater; though it is held an act more of ripe judgment than of unsteadfastness to take back a foolish promise.
Book Five · Part 11
Erik Shrewd-spoken Gotwar Gunwar
Powerless to answer this, Gotwar had to give the gold to the man whom she had meant to kill
Book Five · Part 11
And straightway, thrusting his foot forth, he broke the infirm neck and back of the old man, and crushed him.
Book Five · Part 11
Gunwar Erik Shrewd-spoken Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
Now Frode intended to pierce Erik by throwing a dagger at him. But Gunwar knew her brother's purpose, and said, in order to warn her betrothed of his peril, that no man could be wise who took no forethought for himself.
Book Five · Part 11
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Erik Shrewd-spoken
But the king suddenly flung his knife at him, yet was too late to hit him; for he sprang aside, and the steel missed its mark and ran into the wall opposite.
Book Five · Part 11
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Erik Shrewd-spoken
On this request the king at once took the sheath from his girdle and gave it to him
Book Five · Part 11
so, cutting away part of the sides, he made it unseaworthy, and by again replacing some laths he patched it so that the damage might be unnoticed by those who looked at it.
Book Five · Part 12
Erik Shrewd-spoken Roller Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
When Erik and Roller saw this they instantly flung themselves into the deep water, spurning danger, and by swimming picked up the king, who was tossing about. Thrice the waves had poured over him and borne him down when Erik caught him by the hair, and lifted him out of the sea.
Book Five · Part 12
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Erik Shrewd-spoken Roller
rumour will recount for ages that Frode was taken captive.
Book Five · Part 13
Erik Shrewd-spoken Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
And, behold, I restore thy treasure, thy wealth, thy goods.
Book Five · Part 14
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Erik Shrewd-spoken
under the pledge of betrothal gave him his sister and command over a hundred men.
Book Five · Part 14
Erik Shrewd-spoken Roller Gunwar Hanund
one wedding the sister of the king, and the other his divorced queen.
Book Five · Part 15
Gotar (king of Norway) Erik Shrewd-spoken Alfhild (daughter of Gotar)
So, not satisfied with giving him his daughter in marriage he also made over to him the district of Lither, thinking that their connection deserved some kindness.
Book Five · Part 15 · 📍 [[Lither]]
Gotar (king of Norway) Erik Shrewd-spoken
he also made over to him the district of Lither
Book Five · Part 16
Alfhild (daughter of Gotar) Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
Meanwhile Erik ended his voyage fairly, and the wedding of Alfhild and Frode was kept.
Book Five · Part 17 · Meantime
Then he brought his ship up close and destroyed the pirates, who were trying to get off their own vessel with poles, and busily engrossed in saving her.
Book Five · Part 17 · Meanwhile
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Strunik
Meanwhile Strunik the King of the Sclavs sent envoys to ask for a truce; but Frode refused him time to equip himself, saying that an enemy ought not to be furnished with a truce.
Book Five · Part 17 · After these words
After these words he fought a furious battle, slew Strunik with the bravest of his race, and received the surrender of the rest.
Book Five · Part 17 · Then
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
When these had given themselves up of their own will, he said: "Sclavs! This is the pest from which you must clear your land yourselves." And straightway he ordered the executioners to seize them, and had them fixed upon the highest gallows by the hand of their own countrymen.
Book Five · Part 18 · Meanwhile
Gotar (king of Norway) Erik Shrewd-spoken
Meanwhile, Gotar, in order to punish Erik, equipped his army for war:
Book Five · Part 18 · 📍 [[Rennes-Isle]]
Gotar (king of Norway) Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
When both alike had put into Rennes-Isle, Gotar, terrified by the greatness of Frode's name, sent ambassadors to pray for peace.
Book Five · Part 18 · 📍 [[Rennes-Isle]]
Erik Shrewd-spoken Gotar (king of Norway)
When thou desiredst to take my life and my wife, thou didst mar the look of thy fair example. Only the sword has the right to decide between us.
Book Five · Part 18 · 📍 [[Rennes-Isle]]
Gotar (king of Norway) Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
Then Gotar attacked the fleet of the Danes; he was unsuccessful in the engagement, and slain.
Book Five · Part 19 · Afterwards
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Roller
Afterwards Roller received his realm from Frode as a gift; it stretched over seven provinces.
Book Five · Part 19 · Afterwards
Erik likewise presented Roller with the province which Gotar had once bestowed upon him.
Book Five · Part 19 · in two years
Meanwhile the King of the Huns, when he heard that his daughter had been put away, allied himself with Olmar, King of the Easterlings, and in two years equipped an armament against the Danes.
Book Five · Part 19
Hun (King of the Huns) Erik Shrewd-spoken
But Erik, when they were bidden to seize him instantly, said that it was unseemly for one man to be dragged off by really; and by this saying he not only appeased the mind of the king, but even inclined him to be willing to pardon him.
Book Five · Part 19
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Erik Shrewd-spoken
When it was drawn up they sailed off against the enemy; and so they fought and subdued the islands lying between Denmark and the East;
Book Five · Part 19 · After this
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Olmar
After this they went on to meet Olmar, who because of the slowness of his multitude preferred awaiting the enemy to attacking it; for the vessels of the Ruthenians seemed disorganized, and, owing to their size, not so well able to row. But not even did the force of his multitudes avail him. For the extraordinary masses of the Ruthenians were stronger in numbers than in bravery, and yielded the victory to the stout handful of the Danes.
Book Five · Part 20
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
So Frode summoned the nations which he had conquered, and enacted (a) that any father of a family who had fallen in that war should be buried with his horse and all his arms and decorations.
Book Five · Part 20
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
He also ordered the Russians to conduct their warfare in imitation of the Danes, and never to marry a wife without buying her.
Book Five · Part 20 · in the winter season
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
He ordered that each native soldier and housecarl should be presented in the winter season with three marks of silver, a common or hired soldier with two, a private soldier who had finished his service with only one.
Book Five · Part 20 · After this
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Erik Shrewd-spoken
Now when Frode asked wherewithal he was to resist so many, Erik instructed him that he must return home and suffer the enemy first to perish of their own hugeness. His counsel was obeyed, the advice being approved as heartily as it was uttered.
Book Five · Part 20 · At last
Ygg Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
He was also deserted by the prophet Ygg, a man of unknown age, which was prolonged beyond the human span; this man went as a deserter to Frode, and told him of all the preparations of the Huns.
Book Five · Part 20 · Meanwhile
Hedin Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
Meanwhile Hedin, prince of a considerable tribe of the Norwegians, approached the fleet of Frode with a hundred and fifty vessels. Choosing twelve out of these, he proceeded to cruise nearer, signalling the approach of friends by a shield raised on the mast. He thus greatly augmented the forces of the king, and was received into his closest friendship.
Book Five · Part 21 · Meanwhile
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
Therefore, to prevent the influx of foreigners, he sent a fleet to the Elbe to take care that nothing should cross; the admirals were Revil and Mevil.
Book Five · Part 21 · 📍 [[the Elbe]] · Meanwhile
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Revil Mevil
he sent a fleet to the Elbe to take care that nothing should cross; the admirals were Revil and Mevil.
Book Five · Part 21 · In the autumn
But Olmar conquered Thor the Long, the King of the Jemts and the Helsings, with two other captains of no less power, and also took Esthonia and Kurland, with Oland, and the isles that fringe Sweden;
Book Five · Part 21 · when the battle had been seven days prolonged
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Hun (King of the Huns)
So, when the battle had been seven days prolonged, King Hun fell;
Book Five · Part 21 · when he saw the line of the Huns giving way
Hun, his brother of the same name
and his brother of the same name, when he saw the line of the Huns giving way, without delay surrendered himself and his company.
Book Five · Part 21 · 📍 [[Holmgard]] · So
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Olmar
Now he set Olmar over Holmgard;
Book Five · Part 21 · 📍 [[Conogard]] · So
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Onef (king of Conogard)
Onef over Conogard;
Book Five · Part 21 · 📍 [[Saxony]] · So
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Hun, his brother of the same name
and he bestowed Saxony on Hun, his prisoner,
Book Five · Part 21 · 📍 [[the Orkneys]] · So
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Revil
and gave Revil the Orkneys.
Book Five · Part 22 · At the same time
Gestiblind Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
The latter, being the weaker, approached Frode as a suppliant, willing, if he might get his aid, to surrender his kingdom and himself.
Book Five · Part 22
So he made an attack, wherein perished Gunthion, whose tomb records his name.
Book Five · Part 22
Then they fought without delay: Alrik was killed, and Erik was most severely wounded; it was hard to find remedies, and he did not for long time recover health.
Book Five · Part 22
Erik Shrewd-spoken Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
Frode straightway made him king of the nations he had subdued, and also granted to him Helsingland with the two Laplands, Finland and Esthonia, under a yearly tribute.
Book Five · Part 22 · when they had lived together a short while
Moreover, the son of the king and he, when they had lived together a short while, swore by every vow, in order to ratify the friendship which they observed to one another, that whichever of them lived longest should be buried with him who died.
Book Five · Part 22 · 📍 [[Norway]] · After this
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Erik Shrewd-spoken
After this Frode gathered together a host of all his subject nations, and attacked Norway with his fleet, Erik being bidden to lead the land force.
Book Five · Part 22 · Meanwhile
Meanwhile Aswid died of an illness, and was consigned with his horse and dog to a cavern in the earth. And Asmund, because of his oath of friendship, had the courage to be buried with him, food being put in for him to eat.
Book Five · Part 23
Then he gave the signal to draw him up to those above who were standing by and controlling the rope.
Book Five · Part 23
Yet the bringer of horrors did it not unscathed; for soon I cut off his head with my steel, and impaled his guilty carcase with a stake.
Book Five · Part 23 · 📍 [[Halogaland]]
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
Here Frode joined battle with the Norwegians, and the day was bloody.
Book Five · Part 23 · 📍 [[Halogaland]] · At nightfall
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
At nightfall both sides determined to retreat.
Book Five · Part 23 · In this war
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
In this war the Danes suffered such slaughter that out of 3,000 ships only 170 are supposed to have survived.
Book Five · Part 24 · Here he passed seven most happy years of peace
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Alf (son of Frode)
Here he passed seven most happy years of peace, begetting a son Alf and a daughter Eyfura.
Book Five · Part 24 · Here he passed seven most happy years of peace
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Eyfura
Here he passed seven most happy years of peace, begetting a son Alf and a daughter Eyfura.
Book Five · Part 24 · in these days
It chanced that in these days Arngrim, a champion of Sweden, who had challenged, attacked, and slain Skalk the Skanian because he had once robbed him of a vessel, came to Frode.
Book Five · Part 24 · in these days
Arngrim Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Eyfura
Elated beyond measure with his deed, he ventured to sue for Frode's daughter; but, finding the king deaf to him, he asked Erik, who was ruling Sweden, to help him.
Book Five · Part 24 · 📍 [[Permland]] · on the morrow
Arngrim Egther (king of Permland)
Then he challenged and slew in single combat Egther, the captain of the men of Permland, imposing on the men of Permland the condition that each of them should pay one skin.
Book Five · Part 24 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
Arngrim Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Eyfura
Then Frode, considering his splendid deserts, thought it was not amiss to take for a son-in-law a man who had won wide-resounding fame by such a roll of noble deeds.
Book Five · Part 25
Arngrim Eyfura Brand Biarbe Brodd (son of Arngrim) Hiarrande Tand Tyrfing Hiortuar Hiartuar (son of Arngrim) Hrane Anganty
Arngrim had twelve sons by Eyfura, whose names I here subjoin: Brand, Biarbe, Brodd, Hiarrande; Tand, Tyrfing, two Haddings; Hiortuar, Hiartuar, Hrane, Anganty.
Book Five · Part 25 · 📍 [[Samso]]
Brand Biarbe Brodd (son of Arngrim) Hiarrande Tand Tyrfing Hiortuar Hiartuar (son of Arngrim) Hrane Anganty Hialmar Arvarodd
For all the sons of Eyfura were killed; Hialmar was slain by them, but Arvarodd gained the honours of victory, being the only survivor left by fate out of all that band of comrades.
Book Five · Part 25 · 📍 [[Britain]]
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Erik Shrewd-spoken
This it was that chiefly led Frode to attack the West, for his one desire was the spread of peace. So he summoned Erik, and mustered a fleet of all the kingdoms that bid him allegiance, and sailed to Britain with numberless ships.
Book Five · Part 26
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
Then Frode bade the trumpet strike in, to summon the band that had been posted in ambush; and these, roused by the note of the clanging bugle, caught the enemy in their own trap; for the King of the Britons, with countless hosts of his men, was utterly destroyed.
Book Five · Part 26
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift) Kerwil
But Frode was wary and not rash in his pursuit of the foe who fled so treacherously, and he routed Kerwil (Cearbal), the leader of the nation, in battle.
Book Five · Part 26
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
Kerwil's brother survived, but lost heart for resistance, and surrendered his country to the king (Frode), who distributed among his soldiers the booty he had won, to show himself free from all covetousness and excessive love of wealth, and only ambitious to gain honour.
Book Five · Part 26 · 📍 [[Denmark]] · After the triumphs in Britain and the spoiling of the Irish
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
After the triumphs in Britain and the spoiling of the Irish they went back to Denmark;
Book Five · Part 26 · for thirty years
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
and for thirty years there was a pause from all warfare.
Book Five · Part 26 · 📍 [[Jutland]] · At last
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
At last he ordered that in Jutland, the chief district of his realm, a golden bracelet, very heavy, should be set up on the highways (as he had done before in the district of Wik), wishing by this magnificent price to test the honesty which he had enacted.
Book Five · Part 27
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
But the mother, who had taken the shape of the larger beast, charged at the king with outstretched tusk, and pierced one of his sides. The wound killed him
Book Five · Part 27 · 📍 [[Waere]] · for three years
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
But when his limbs rotted, and were seized with extreme decay, and when the corruption could not be arrested, they buried his body with a royal funeral in a barrow near Waere, a bridge of Zealand;
Book Six · Part 1 · After the death of Frode
Frode (son of Fridleif the Swift)
After the death of Frode, the Danes wrongly supposed that Fridleif,
Book Six · Part 1
When the composer of this song had uttered it, the Danes rewarded him with the crown.
Book Six · Part 1 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · At the same time
At the same time Erik, who held the governorship of Sweden, died of disease;
Book Six · Part 1 · 📍 [[Russia]]
Halfdan (son of Erik) Fridleif (son of Frode)
alarmed by the many attacks of twelve brothers of Norwegian birth, and powerless to punish their violence, fled, hoping for reinforcements, to ask aid of Fridleif, then sojourning in Russia.
Book Six · Part 1 · 📍 [[Norway]]
Fridleif (son of Frode) Halfdan (son of Erik)
From him Fridleif heard the tidings of his father's death, and granting the aid he sought, went to Norway in armed array.
Book Six · Part 2 · 📍 [[the stronghold]]
Fridleif surprised them while on a reckless raid, and drove them all back for refuge to the stronghold; he also seized the immensely powerful horse
Book Six · Part 2 · 📍 [[the stronghold]]
when he had got the champions he cut down the watch at the first attack. Thus he went on to attack the rest and put them to the sword, all save Biorn; whom he tended very carefully and cured of his wounds
Book Six · Part 2
Fridleif (son of Frode) Biorn (champion of Fridleif)
whereupon, under pledge of solemn oath, he made him his colleague
Book Six · Part 3
But he could not bring himself to resign such an honour, and chose sooner to spend his life for glory than pass into the dim lot of common men. Therefore he resolved to fight for his present estate
Book Six · Part 3
So he met Fridleif in the field, was crushed, and fled into Jutland, where, rallying a band, he again attacked his conqueror.
Book Six · Part 3
Fridleif presently took him at his word, challenged him and slew him, and buried his body in a barrow that bears the dead man's name.
Book Six · Part 3 · Soon after
Fridleif (son of Frode) Frogertha
At last, yielding to the persistent entreaties of all, he proceeded to send ambassadors to ask for the daughter of Amund, King of Norway.
Book Six · Part 3
Around implacably declined to consent to the wishes of the king, and treated the legates shamefully, declaring that he spurned the embassy because the tyranny of Frode had of old borne so heavily upon Norway. But Amund's daughter, Frogertha, not only looking to the birth of Fridleif, but also honouring the glory of his deeds, began to upbraid her father
Book Six · Part 3
Amund was indignant that a petition he had once denied should be obstinately pressed, and hurried the envoys to death
Book Six · Part 3 · 📍 [[Frokasund]]
Fridleif (son of Frode) Halfdan (son of Erik) Biorn (champion of Fridleif) Amund
Fridleif heard news of this outrage, and summoning Halfdan and Biorn, sailed round Norway. Amund, equipped with his native defences, put out his fleet against him. The firth into which both fleets had mustered is called Frokasund.
Book Six · Part 4
When he had said this he lopped off a hand and foot of the giant, made him fly, and set his prisoner free. Then he went straightway to the giant's headland, took the treasure out of his cave, and carried it away.
Book Six · Part 4 · On the morrow
On the morrow there was a great muster of the forces, and Fridleif had a bloody battle with Amund, fought partly by sea and partly by land.
Book Six · Part 4
So Biorn, when his ranks gave back, unloosed his hound and sent it against the enemy; wishing to win with the biting of a dog the victory which he could not achieve with the sword. The enemy were by this means shamefully routed, for a square of the warriors ran away when attacked with its teeth.
Book Six · Part 4
Ane Fridleif (son of Frode) Biorn (champion of Fridleif)
and his servant Ane, surnamed the Archer, challenged Fridleif to fight him; but Biorn, being a man of meaner estate, not suffering the king to engage with a common fellow, attacked him himself.
Book Six · Part 4 · 📍 [[Agdar Ness]]
Biorn (champion of Fridleif) Ane
Both of them left it wounded; and fought another also on Agdar Ness with an emulous thirst for glory.
Book Six · Part 5
By the death of Amund, Fridleif was freed from a most bitter foe
Book Six · Part 5
Fridleif (son of Frode) Olaf (son of Fridleif)
winning his daughter in marriage, he begat a son named Olaf.
Book Six · Part 5 · When the year had come to an end
Fridleif (son of Frode) Biorn (champion of Fridleif) Ane
he took great pains to reconcile Biorn and Ane, who had often challenged and fought one another, and made them exchange their hatred for friendship
Book Six · Part 5 · When the year had come to an end
Fridleif (son of Frode) Olaf (son of Fridleif)
and even entrusted to them his three-year-old son, Olaf, to rear.
Book Six · Part 5
Fridleif (son of Frode) Juritha Ane
But his mistress, Juritha, the mother of Olaf, he gave in marriage to Ane, whom he made one of his warriors
Book Six · Part 5 · Meantime
Frogertha Frode (father of Ingild)
Meantime his wife Frogertha bore a son FRODE
Book Six · Part 5 · after his father's death, while he was in his twelfth year
Fridleif (son of Frode) Frode (father of Ingild)
after his father's death, while he was in his twelfth year
Book Six · Part 5 · after his father's death, while he was in his twelfth year
Frode (father of Ingild) Swerting Hanef
Swerting and Hanef, the kings of Saxony, disowned his sway, and tried to rebel openly.
Book Six · Part 5 · after his father's death, while he was in his twelfth year
Frode (father of Ingild) Swerting Hanef
He overcame them in battle, and imposed on the conquered peoples a poll-tax of a coin, which they were to pay as his slaves.
Book Six · Part 6
At the same time one Starkad, the son of Storwerk, escaped alone, either by force or fortune, from a wreck in which his friends perished
Book Six · Part 6
Frode (father of Ingild) Starkad
and was received by Frode as his guest for his incredible excellence both of mind and body.
Book Six · Part 6 · after being for some little time his comrade
Frode (father of Ingild) Starkad
and was at last given a noble vessel, and bidden to ply the calling of a rover, with the charge of guarding the sea.
Book Six · Part 7 · When Starkad had thus treacherously acted
When Starkad had thus treacherously acted he took Wikar's ship and went to one Bemon, the most courageous of all the rovers of Denmark, in order to take up the life of a pirate.
Book Six · Part 7 · lately
For Bemon's partner, named Frakk, weary of the toil of sea-roving, had lately withdrawn from partnership with him, after first making a money-bargain.
Book Six · Part 7 · when Bemon was dead
Now when Bemon was dead, Starkad was summoned because of his valour by the champions of Permland.
Book Six · Part 7 · 📍 [[the land of the Swedes]] · for seven years' space
And when he had done many noteworthy deeds among them, he went into the land of the Swedes, where he lived at leisure for seven years' space with the sons of Frey.
Book Six · Part 7 · At last
Starkad Hakon (lord of Starkad)
At last he left them and betook himself to Hakon, the tyrant of Denmark, because when stationed at Upsala, at the time of the sacrifices, he was disgusted by the effeminate gestures and the clapping of the mimes on the stage, and by the unmanly clatter of the bells.
Book Six · Part 8
Geigad Hakon (lord of Starkad)
Geigad, moreover, dealt Hakon, who pressed him hard, such a wound in the breast that he exposed the upper part of his liver.
Book Six · Part 8
Starkad Hugleik (king of Ireland)
Starkad conquered, killed Hugleik and routed the Irish;
Book Six · Part 8 · 📍 [[Dublin]] · Then
Then the Danes ordered that the wealth of the king should be brought out of the treasury in the city of Dublin and publicly pillaged.
Book Six · Part 8 · After this
After this, Starkad was commissioned, together with Win, the chief of the Sclavs, to check the revolt of the East. They, having fought against the armies of the Kurlanders, the Sembs, the Sangals, and, finally, all the Easterlings, won splendid victories everywhere.
Book Six · Part 9 · 📍 [[Hanofra (Hanover)]]
Frode (father of Ingild) Hanef
Frode took his forces over the Elbe, and killed him near the village of Hanofra (Hanover), so named after Hanef.
Book Six · Part 9
Frode (father of Ingild) Swerting
For he had resolved to surprise the king under the pretence of a banquet, and burn him to death; but the king forestalled and slew him, though slain by him in return.
Book Six · Part 10
Frode (father of Ingild) Ingild (son of Frode)
Frode was succeeded by his son Ingild, whose soul was perverted from honour.
Book Six · Part 10
Starkad Ingild (son of Frode) Halfdan (son of Erik)
Starkad was so disgusted at the excess of Ingild, that he forsook his friendship, and sought the fellowship of Halfdan, the King of Swedes, preferring work to idleness.
Book Six · Part 10
Ingild (son of Frode) Frode (son of Ingild) Fridleif (son of Ingild) Ingild (son of Ingild) Olaf (son of Ingild)
Antiquity relates that she bore him sons, Frode, Fridleif, Ingild, and Olaf (whom some say was the son of Ingild's sister).
Book Six · Part 11
But just as he gained the threshold, the old man watching at the door smote him through the hams, and there, half dead, he tottered and fell.
Book Six · Part 11
Presently I rise and crush the girl's mouth with my fist, and draw blood from her bruised nostril.
Book Six · Part 12
Starkad got as much pleasure from his words as from his works, and went back to Halfdan, embracing his service with the closest friendship
Book Six · Part 12
Ingild (son of Frode) Helge the Norwegian
When he arrived Ingild promised to grant him his wish if, to test his reputation publicly, he would first venture to meet in battle the champions pitted against him.
Book Six · Part 12
And so the troth-plight of the future marriage was most ceremoniously solemnized.
Book Six · Part 13 · 📍 [[Upsala]]
Starkad, when he had heard the time and place of the combat, not only received the suppliant well, but also encouraged him with the offer of aid, and told him to go back to Denmark with his companions
Book Six · Part 13 · 📍 [[the palace of Ingild]]
so that both parties, by a chance meeting, reached their journey's end, the palace of Ingild, at the very same time.
Book Six · Part 13 · 📍 [[the field which in our tongue is called Roliung]] · at daybreak
Starkad, coming in on him at daybreak, saw him locked asleep in the arms of his wife, and would not suffer him to be vexed with a sudden shock, or summoned from his quiet slumbers
Book Six · Part 14
he felled six of them without receiving any wound in return; and though the remaining three wounded him so hard in seventeen places that most of his bowels gushed out of his belly, he slew them notwithstanding, like their brethren.
Book Six · Part 14
For Anganty had been struck down in the waves of the river, and had dyed its course so deep with his red blood that it seemed now to flow not with water, but with some ruddy liquid.
Book Six · Part 14
But he did not wish to pass the kindness of the youth unrequited, and rewarded the esteem he had shown him with the mantle he had cast among the thorns. So the peasant's son approached, replaced the parts of his belly that had been torn away, and bound up with a plait of withies the mass of intestines that had fallen out. Then he took the old man to his car, and with the most zealous respect carried him away to the palace.
Book Six · Part 15
Then Helge leapt from his bed, and, as he had been taught by the counsel of his wife, plunged his blade full at Starkad's forehead.
Book Six · Part 15
Starkad was induced by this to let Helge go scot-free; saying that a man whose ready and assured courage so surely betokened manliness, ought to be spared
Book Six · Part 15
Starkad Siward (son of Halfdan)
Starkad, after quelling certain rebels, set up Siward as the heir to his father's sovereignty.
Book Six · Part 15
Ingild, the son of Frode (who had been treacherously slain), was perversely minded, and instead of punishing his father's murderers, bestowed upon them kindness and friendship
Book Six · Part 17
Accordingly he flung the bone, which he had stripped in eating the meat, in the face of the harlequin, and drove the wind violently out of his puffed cheeks, so that they collapsed.
Book Six · Part 18
Starkad Frode (father of Ingild)
When last I left thee, Frode, I learned by my prophetic soul that thou, mightiest of kings, wouldst surely perish by the sword of enemies.
Book Six · Part 19
Starkad in anger flung it back most ignominiously in the face of the giver
Book Six · Part 20
These men he forthwith slew; and by so doing he drowned the holy rites of the table in blood.
Book Seven · Part 1 · when he was in the last grip of death
Olaf (son of Ingild) Frode (son of Olaf) Harald (son of Olaf)
For when he was in the last grip of death he took thought for his sons FRODE and HARALD, and bade them have royal sway, one over the land and the other over the sea, and receive these several powers, not in prolonged possession, but in yearly rotation.
Book Seven · Part 1 · After a time
Frode (son of Olaf) Harald (son of Olaf)
After a time Harald, the younger son, received the rule of the sea, and chose soldiers who were unmarried, fearing to be baffled like his brother. Fortune favoured his choice; for he was as glorious a rover as his brother was inglorious; and this earned him his brother's hatred.
Book Seven · Part 1
Signe (daughter of Karl) Ulfhild (queen of Frode) Frode (son of Olaf) Harald (son of Olaf)
Moreover, their queens, Signe and Ulfhild, one of whom was the daughter of Siward, King of Sweden, the other of Karl, the governor of Gothland, were continually wrangling as to which was the nobler, and broke up the mutual fellowship of their husbands. Hence Harald and Frode, when their common household was thus shattered, divided up the goods they held in common, and gave more heed to the wrangling altercations of the women than to the duties of brotherly affection.
Book Seven · Part 1
Frode (son of Olaf) Harald (son of Olaf)
Moreover, Frode, judging that his brother's glory was a disgrace to himself and brought him into contempt, ordered one of his household to put him to death secretly; for he saw that the man of whom he had the advantage in years was surpassing him in courage. When the deed was done, he had the agent of his treachery privily slain, lest the accomplice should betray the crime.
Book Seven · Part 1 · Afterwards
Frode (son of Olaf) Karl (governor of Gothland)
He afterwards asked Karl, "Who had killed Harald?" and Karl replied that it was deceitful in him to ask a question about something which he knew quite well. These words earned him his death; for Frode thought that he had reproached him covertly with fratricide.
Book Seven · Part 1 · After this
Frode (son of Olaf) Harald (son of Harald) Halfdan (son of Harald)
After this, the lives of Harald and Halfdan, the sons of Harald by Signe the daughter of Karl, were attempted by their uncle. But the guardians devised a cunning method of saving their wards. For they cut off the claws of wolves and tied them to the soles of their feet; and then made them run along many times so as to harrow up the mud near their dwelling, as well as the ground (then covered with, snow), and give the appearance of an attack by wild beasts. Then they killed the children of some bond-women, tore their bodies into little pieces, and scattered their mangled limbs all about. So when the youths were looked for in vain, the scattered limbs were found, the tracks of the beasts were pointed out, and the ground was seen besmeared with blood. It was believed that the boys had been devoured by ravening wolves; and hardly anyone was suffered to doubt so plain a proof that they were mangled. The belief in this spectacle served to protect the wards. They were presently shut up by their guardians in a hollow oak, so that no trace of their being alive should get abroad, and were fed for a long time under pretence that they were dogs; and were even called by hounds' names, to prevent any belief getting abroad that they were hiding.
Book Seven · Part 2
Frode (son of Olaf) Ragnar (guardian of the sons of Harald)
She declared that one Ragnar had secretly undertaken to rear them, and had called them by the names of dogs to cover the matter.
Book Seven · Part 2 · 📍 [[Funen]] · After this
Ragnar (guardian of the sons of Harald) Frode (son of Olaf)
Here he was taken by Frode, and confessed that he had put the young men in safe keeping; and he prayed the king to spare the wards whom he had made fatherless, and not to think it a piece of good fortune to be guilty of two unnatural murders.
Book Seven · Part 2 · on the following night
But he was burned to death by them on the following night, and was punished as befitted a fratricide.
Book Seven · Part 3 · about three years
Halfdan (son of Harald) Harald (son of Harald)
and then, handing over his sovereignty to his brother Harald as deputy,
Book Seven · Part 3 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · After this
After this he attacked Sweden, and destroyed its king in the field.
Book Seven · Part 3 · 📍 [[Helsingland]]
Halfdan (son of Harald) Witolf
But he was conquered notwithstanding, and fled away into Helsingland, where he went to one Witolf (who had served of old with Harald), to seek tendance for his wounds.
Book Seven · Part 3 · When Halfdan had by this man's help regained his full strength
Halfdan (son of Harald) Erik (son of Frode) Thore (champion of Halfdan)
When Halfdan had by this man's help regained his full strength, he summoned Thore, a champion of notable capacity, and proclaimed war against Erik.
Book Seven · Part 3 · Here
Halfdan (son of Harald) Erik (son of Frode) Thore (champion of Halfdan)
Here Halfdan, when he saw the line of his men wavering, climbed with Thore up a crag covered with stones and, uprooting boulders, rolled them down upon the enemy below; and the weight of these as they fell crushed the line that was drawn up in the lower position. Thus he regained with stones the victory which he had lost with arms.
Book Seven · Part 3 · For this deed of prowess
For this deed of prowess he received the name of Biargramm ("rock strong"), a word which seems to have been compounded from the name of his fierceness and of the mountains. He soon gained so much esteem for this among the Swedes that he was thought to be the son of the great Thor, and the people bestowed divine honours upon him, and judged him worthy of public libation.
Book Seven · Part 4 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
Erik (son of Frode) Halfdan (son of Harald)
So it came to pass that Erik, in his desire to repair the losses incurred in flight, attacked the districts subject to Halfdan. Even Denmark he did not exempt from this harsh treatment;
Book Seven · Part 4 · in three battles
Erik (son of Frode) Harald (son of Harald)
When Halfdan heard that his brother Harald had been beaten by Erik in three battles, and slain in the fourth,
Book Seven · Part 4 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
he had to quit the land of the Swedes and go back to his own country.
Book Seven · Part 4 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Thus Erik regained the kingdom of Sweden all the more quickly, that he quitted it so lightly.
Book Seven · Part 4 · When Halfdan had gone back into Sweden
Erik (son of Frode) Halfdan (son of Harald)
Thus Erik was surrounded; but he rejected the life, which was offered him under condition of thraldom.
Book Seven · Part 4
Wherefore he was put in chains, and banished to a place haunted by wild beasts;
Book Seven · Part 4 · when he heard that two active rovers, Toke and Anund, were threatening the surrounding districts
Halfdan (son of Harald) Toke Anund
he attacked and routed them in a sea-fight.
Book Seven · Part 4 · 📍 [[the assembly of the Swedes]]
Siwald (rival of Halfdan) Halfdan (son of Harald)
the vote of the majority granted him permission to revolt.
Book Seven · Part 4
but so won the heart of the commons by his crafty canvassing that he induced almost all of them to set with their hands the royal emblem on his head.
Book Seven · Part 4 · On Halfdan approaching
Halfdan (son of Harald) Siwald (rival of Halfdan)
Halfdan, stung with this shameful affront, accepted the challenge;
Book Seven · Part 5
When he had said this, he attacked Siwald and his seven sons, and destroyed them, their force and bravery being useless against the enormous mass of his club.
Book Seven · Part 5
Then with the remaining band of his champions he attacked Halfdan, who crushed him with a hammer of wondrous size, so that he lost both victory and life;
Book Seven · Part 5
Halfdan (son of Harald) Hardbeen
Then with the remaining band of his champions he attacked Halfdan, who crushed him with a hammer of wondrous size, so that he lost both victory and life;
Book Seven · Part 5 · next day
Halfdan (son of Harald) Egther (foe of Halfdan)
but he challenged Egther next day, fought with and overthrew him.
Book Seven · Part 5 · 📍 [[Norway]]
Halfdan (son of Harald) Grim (suitor of Thorhild)
Halfdan, now conqueror, allowed the conquered man to ransom the remnant of his life with a sum of money;
Book Seven · Part 5
Halfdan (son of Harald) Thorhild (daughter of Hather)
As a prize for this victory he won Thorhild in marriage, and had by her a son Asmund,
Book Seven · Part 5
Halfdan (son of Harald) Thorhild (daughter of Hather) Asmund (son of Halfdan)
As a prize for this victory he won Thorhild in marriage, and had by her a son Asmund,
Book Seven · Part 5
Halfdan (son of Harald) Yngwin
Halfdan was consulted whether the match should be entertained, and advised that a feigned consent should be given, promising that he would baulk the marriage.
Book Seven · Part 5 · by night
and coming by night on the wedding feast, alarmed those who met him;
Book Seven · Part 6 · 📍 [[palace]]
Thus he forced Ebbe to fight, and felled him, turning the banquet into a spectacle, and the wedding into a funeral.
Book Seven · Part 6 · Some years passed
Halfdan (son of Harald) Yngwin
Some years passed, and Halfdan went back to his own country, and being childless he bequeathed the royal wealth by will to Yngwin, and appointed him king.
Book Seven · Part 6 · afterwards
Yngwin Ragnald (rival of Yngwin)
YNGWIN was afterwards overthrown in war by a rival named Ragnald
Book Seven · Part 6 · at last
and at last enticed her far from her father's house, by cunningly going out of the way; then the giant rushed upon her and bore her off into the closest fastnesses of a ledge on the mountain.
Book Seven · Part 7 · afterwards
Siwald (father of Sigrid and Sigar) Ottar
Siwald afterwards seized Ottar, and thought that he ought to be hanged for defiling his daughter.
Book Seven · Part 7 · 📍 [[Zealand]] · After this
Siwald (father of Sigrid and Sigar) Ragnald (rival of Yngwin) Ottar
Then Ottar, whether seized with weariness at the prolonged battle, or with desire of glory, broke, despising death, through the thickest of the foe, cut down Ragnald among the bravest of his soldiers, and won the Danes a sudden victory.
Book Seven · Part 7 · Then
Hakon (son of Hamund) Ottar Starkad
Then all these warriors embraced the service of King Hakon, the mightiest of the rovers, like remnants of the war drifting to him.
Book Seven · Part 7 · After this
Siwald (father of Sigrid and Sigar) Sigar
After this Siwald was succeeded by his son SIGAR
Book Seven · Part 7
Sigar Siwald (son of Sigar) Alf (son of Sigar) Alger Signe (daughter of Sigar)
who had sons Siwald, Alf, and Alger, and a daughter Signe.
Book Seven · Part 7 · At the same time
Siward (king of the Goths) Wemund Osten (son of Siward) Alfhild (daughter of Siward)
At the same time Siward, the king of the Goths, is said to have had two sons, Wemund and Osten, and a daughter Alfhild
Book Seven · Part 7
Siward (king of the Goths) Alfhild (daughter of Siward)
Her father banished her into very close keeping, and gave her a viper and a snake to rear, wishing to defend her chastity by the protection of these reptiles when they came to grow up.
Book Seven · Part 8
he took a piece of red-hot steel in the tongs, and plunged it into the yawning throat of the viper, which he laid dead. Then he flung his spear full into the gaping mouth of the snake as it wound and writhed forward, and destroyed it.
Book Seven · Part 8
Thus Alfhild was led to despise the young Dane; whereupon she exchanged woman's for man's attire, and, no longer the most modest of maidens, began the life of a warlike rover.
Book Seven · Part 8
they made her their rover captain for her beauty, and she did deeds beyond the valour of woman.
Book Seven · Part 8 · 📍 [[Finland]]
Alf (son of Sigar) Alfhild (daughter of Siward)
So Alf rejoiced that the woman whom he had sought over land and sea in the face of so many dangers was now beyond all expectation in his power; whereupon he took hold of her eagerly, and made her change her man's apparel for a woman's;
Book Seven · Part 8 · afterwards
Alf (son of Sigar) Alfhild (daughter of Siward) Gurid
and afterwards begot on her a daughter, Gurid.
Book Seven · Part 8
Borgar Groa (attendant of Alfhild)
Also Borgar wedded the attendant of Alfhild, Groa,
Book Seven · Part 8
Borgar Groa (attendant of Alfhild) Harald (son of Borgar)
and had by her a son, Harald, to whom the following age gave the surname Hyldeland.
Book Seven · Part 9 · In the early spring
Alf (son of Sigar) Alger Helwin Hagbard Hamund (son of Hamund)
In the early spring, Alf and Alger, who had gone back to sea-roving, were exploring the sea in various directions, when they lighted with a hundred ships upon Helwin, Hagbard, and Hamund, sons of the kinglet Hamund. These they attacked and only the twilight stayed their blood-wearied hands; and in the night the soldiers were ordered to keep truce. On the morrow this was ratified for good by a mutual oath
Book Seven · Part 9 · About the same time
Hildigisl Signe (daughter of Sigar)
About the same time Hildigisl, a Teuton Of noble birth, relying on his looks and his rank, sued for Signe, the daughter of Sigar. But she scorned him, chiefly for his insignificance
Book Seven · Part 9
Signe (daughter of Sigar) Hakon (son of Hamund)
But this woman was inclined to love Hakon, chiefly for the high renown of his great deeds.
Book Seven · Part 9 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
Hagbard Signe (daughter of Sigar)
Now Hagbard, going to Denmark with the sons of Sigar, gained speech of their sister without their knowledge, and in the end induced her to pledge her word to him that she would secretly become his mistress.
Book Seven · Part 9 · Afterwards
Signe (daughter of Sigar) Hagbard Hakon (son of Hamund) Hildigisl
Afterwards, when the waiting-women happened to be comparing the honourable deeds of the nobles, she preferred Hakon to Hildigisl, declaring that the latter had nothing to praise but his looks, while in the case of the other a wrinkled visage was outweighed by a choice spirit. Not content with this plain kind of praise, she is said to have sung as follows:
Book Seven · Part 10
Bolwis Sigar Hamund (father of Hagbard)
Thus the alliance of the young men was broken through;
Book Seven · Part 10 · 📍 [[Hamund's Bay]]
Alf (son of Sigar) Alger Helwin Hamund (son of Hamund)
the sons of Sigar, Alf and Alger, made an attack, and Helwin and Hamund were destroyed by the harbour which is called Hamund's Bay.
Book Seven · Part 10
Hagbard Alf (son of Sigar) Alger
Hagbard then came up with fresh forces to avenge his brothers, and destroyed them in battle.
Book Seven · Part 10 · Afterwards
Hagbard Signe (daughter of Sigar)
Hagbard received her as his bedfellow, under plea that he was to have the couch of honour;
Book Seven · Part 11
Hagbard Signe (daughter of Sigar)
Then, drowned in tears, she said that she wished to follow in death the only partner of her bed that she had ever had; and ordered that, as soon as the signal had been given from a place of watch, torches should be put to the room, then that halters should be made out of their robes
Book Seven · Part 11 · 📍 [[the hill]] · After this
After this Hagbard was led to the hill, which afterwards took its name from him, to be hanged.
Book Seven · Part 11 · 📍 [[the palace]]
Hagbard Signe (daughter of Sigar)
They quickly fired the house, and thrusting away the wooden support under their feet, gave their necks to the noose to be writhen.
Book Seven · Part 12 · from the death of Ragnald up to that hour
Hakon (son of Hamund) Hakon (the Zealander, son of Wigar) Starkad
Hakon, the son of Hamund, heard of this; but when he was seen to be on the point of turning his arms from the Irish against the Danes in order to avenge his brother, Hakon the Zealander, the son of Wigar, and Starkad deserted him. They had been his allies from the death of Ragnald up to that hour:
Book Seven · Part 12 · 📍 [[Herwig]]
Sigar fought unsuccessfully, and was crushed and slain at the spot that is called in common speech Walbrunna, but in Latin the Spring of Corpses or Carnage.
Book Seven · Part 12
Then Hakon used his conquest to cruel purpose, and followed up his good fortune so wickedly, that he lusted for an indiscriminate massacre, and thought no forbearance should be shown to rank or sex. Nor did he yield to any regard for compassion or shame, but stained his sword in the blood of women, and attacked mothers and children in one general and ruthless slaughter.
Book Seven · Part 12 · thus far
SIWALD, the son of Sigar, had thus far stayed under his father's roof.
Book Seven · Part 12 · when he heard of this
But when he heard of this, he mustered an army in order to have his vengeance.
Book Seven · Part 12 · 📍 [[Herwig]]
So Hakon, alarmed at the gathering of such numbers, went back with a third of his army to his fleet at Herwig, and planned to depart by sea.
Book Seven · Part 13 · On the morrow
Hakon the Proud Siwald (son of Sigar)
On the morrow Hakon and Siwald met in an encounter and fought two whole days. The combat was most frightful; both generals fell
Book Seven · Part 13
But Borgar, with Skanian chivalry suddenly came up and slaughtered a multitude of them.
Book Seven · Part 13 · 📍 [[the country of the Scots]] · after two years had gone by
He encountered him, and ill-fortune befell Hakon, who fled in hasty panic with three ships to the country of the Scots, where, after two years had gone by, he died.
Book Seven · Part 13
All these perilous wars and fortunes had so exhausted the royal line among the Danes, that it was found to be reduced to GURID alone, the daughter of Alf, and granddaughter of Sigar.
Book Seven · Part 13 · 📍 [[the district of Jather]]
and fell, in the first of the raids he planned, upon the district of Jather, which he put partly to the sword and partly to the flames.
Book Seven · Part 13
Ragnald (King of the Northmen) Drota
Moreover, Ragnald, the King of the Northmen, now in extreme age, when he heard how the tyrant busied himself, had a cave made and shut up in it his daughter Drota, giving her due attendance, and providing her maintenance for a long time.
Book Seven · Part 13
Ragnald (King of the Northmen)
So he perished in the battle, where he fought with more ardour than success
Book Seven · Part 13
For Gunnar, in order to punish the cowardice of the conquered race by terms of extraordinary baseness, had a dog set over them as a governor.
Book Seven · Part 13
Also Gunnar imposed on the nation a double tribute, one to be paid out of the autumn harvest, the other in the spring.
Book Seven · Part 14
when the cave was suddenly laid open, he saw the winding tunnels. The servants were slain as they tried to guard the now uncovered entrance to the cave, and the girl was dragged out of the hole
Book Seven · Part 14 · Once, when a stripling
Once, when a stripling, he mocked in boyish fashion at a champion of noble repute, who smote him with a buffet; whereupon Halfdan attacked him with the staff he was carrying and killed him.
Book Seven · Part 14 · in this battle
It is said that in this battle Halfdan was sorely stricken, and was for some time feeble with the wounds he had received.
Book Seven · Part 14 · Meanwhile
proclaimed a vow imposing chastity on herself, thinking it better to have no husband than to take one from the commons.
Book Seven · Part 15
Presently he cut down an oak-tree and fashioned it into a club, fought the twelve single-handed, and killed them.
Book Seven · Part 15
he got from his mother the swords of his grandfather, one of which was called Lyusing.... and the other Hwyting, after the sheen of its well-whetted point.
Book Seven · Part 15 · 📍 [[Russia]]
he instantly went to Russia, offered help to the natives, and was received by all with the utmost honour.
Book Seven · Part 15 · On the next day
On the next day he asked for two men to fight with, and slew them both.
Book Seven · Part 15 · on the fourth
on the fourth he overcame four who met him;
Book Seven · Part 15 · the eighth day
When Halfdan conquered these, and when the eighth day had been reached with an equal increase in the combatants and in the victory, he laid low eleven who attacked him at once.
Book Seven · Part 15
Halfdan (son of Borgar) Hildiger
And when he felt that Halfdan had dealt him a deadly wound with a sword wrapped in rags, he threw away his arms, and, lying on the earth, addressed his brother as follows:
Book Seven · Part 16
Hildiger Halfdan (son of Borgar)
and while intent on these words of excuse, he died.
Book Seven · Part 16 · On their first day
Before the maiden had finished her answer, Halfdan had already run his sword through the bridegroom. Not content with having killed one man, he massacred most of the guests.
Book Seven · Part 16 · After this
After this HALFDAN took Gurid to wife.
Book Seven · Part 16
For he had a son by Gurid, to whom he gave the name of Harald.
Book Seven · Part 16 · 📍 [[Zealand]]
Halfdan (son of Borgar) Wesete
but, while fighting in Zealand, he attacked Wesete, a very famous champion, in battle, and was slain.
Book Seven · Part 16
She saw the event; the young man fought hotly, but his companions fled; and she took him on her shoulders to a neighbouring wood. Weariness, more than anything else, kept the enemy from pursuing him; but one of them shot him as he hung, with an arrow, through the hinder parts
Book Seven · Part 16
HARALD, being of great beauty and unusual size, and surpassing those of his age in strength and stature, received such favour from Odin (whose oracle was thought to have been the cause of his birth), that steel could not injure his perfect soundness.
Book Seven · Part 17 · 📍 [[Skaane]]
Here he slew Wesete, and got the sovereignty of Skaane.
Book Seven · Part 17 · 📍 [[Jutland]]
Harald Hyldetand Hather (slain by Harald)
Next he attacked and killed Hather in Jutland;
Book Seven · Part 17 · 📍 [[Leire]]
Harald Hyldetand Hunding (overthrown by Harald) Rorik (overthrown by Harald)
After this he overthrew Hunding and Rorik, seized Leire, and reunited the dismembered realm of Denmark into its original shape.
Book Seven · Part 17 · 📍 [[Norway]]
Harald Hyldetand Asmund (king of the Wikars)
When the other side saw him fighting unarmed, they made an attack, and were forced for very shame into assailing him more hotly. But Harald, whole in body, either put them to the sword, or made them take to flight; and thus he overthrew the sister of Asmund, and restored him his kingdom.
Book Seven · Part 17 · Meantime
Alver Olaf (son of Alver) Ing Ingild (son of Alver)
Meantime Alver, the King of the Swedes, died leaving sons Olaf, Ing, and Ingild.
Book Seven · Part 17 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
One of these, Ing, dissatisfied with the honours his father bequeathed him, declared war with the Danes in order to extend his empire.
Book Seven · Part 17 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Harald Hyldetand Ing Olaf (son of Alver)
Equipped with this system of warfare, he forestalled matters in Sweden, and killed Ing and Olaf as they were making ready to fight.
Book Seven · Part 17
Harald Hyldetand Ingild (son of Alver)
Their brother Ingild sent messengers to beg a truce, on pretence of his ill-health. Harald granted his request, that his own valour, which had learnt to spare distress, might not triumph over a man in the hour of lowliness and dejection.
Book Seven · Part 17 · When Ingild afterwards
Harald Hyldetand Ingild (son of Alver)
When Ingild afterwards provoked Harald by wrongfully ravishing his sister, Harald vexed him with long and indecisive war, but then took him into his friendship, thinking it better to have him for ally than for enemy.
Book Seven · Part 18
Harald Hyldetand Stikla Rusila (foe of Olaf)
he went to Olaf unobserved, put on dress which concealed the length of his teeth, and attacked the maidens. He overthrew them both
Book Seven · Part 18 · When Olaf offered Harald the prize of victory
Olaf (King of the Thronds) Harald Hyldetand
When Olaf offered Harald the prize of victory, he rejected the gift
Book Seven · Part 18 · 📍 [[Jutland]] · a little before
Harald Hyldetand Ubbe the Frisian
he charged his soldiers to grip him with their hands, throw him on the ground, and to bind him while thus overpowered. Thus he only overcame the man and mastered him by a shameful kind of attack, though a little before he thought he would inflict a heavy defeat on him. But Harald gave him his sister in marriage, and thus gained him for his soldier.
Book Seven · Part 18 · 📍 [[Sclavonia]]
With these forces he conquered Sclavonia in war, and caused its generals, Duk and Dal, because of their bravery, to be captured, and not killed. These men he took to serve with him
Book Seven · Part 18 · 📍 [[Britain]] · soon
soon went to Britain, where he overthrew the King of the Humbrians, and enrolled the smartest of the warriors he had conquered, the chief of whom was esteemed to be Orm, surnamed the Briton.
Book Seven · Part 18 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · Meantime
Ingild (son of Alver) Ring (son of Ingild)
Meantime Ingild died in Sweden, leaving only a very little son, Ring, whom he had by the sister of Harald.
Book Seven · Part 18 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Harald Hyldetand Ring (son of Ingild)
Harald gave the boy guardians, and put him over his father's kingdom.
Book Seven · Part 19 · 📍 [[Denmark]] · after the Swedish war
that after the Swedish war he came to the throne of Denmark
Book Seven · Part 19
Ole Gunn (ruler of Tellemark) Grim (son of Gunn)
Ole slew one of them with his sword, the other with his hound.
Book Seven · Part 19
Moreover, he took the stronghold, and put in secret keeping all the booty he found there, in reserve for future use.
Book Seven · Part 20 · At this time
Skate Hiale Esa (daughter of Olaf)
Hence it came about that they formed the purpose of seizing Esa, the daughter of Olaf, prince of the Werms;
Book Seven · Part 20
Olaf (prince of the Werms) Esa (daughter of Olaf)
Olaf, on his son asking him about this matter, said that his daughter should go to the man who fought for her:
Book Seven · Part 21
Ole Esa (daughter of Olaf) Omund
So the girl was given him as prize of the combat, and bore him a son Omund.
Book Seven · Part 21
At last Thore was overwhelmed and slain by the arms of his own folk, as much as by these of his guests
Book Seven · Part 21
But Brun, amid the toils of his constant journeys to and fro, was drowned in a certain river
Book Seven · Part 21
Odin Harald Hyldetand Ring (son of Ingild)
and Odin, disguised under his name and looks, shook the close union of the kings by his treacherous embassage; and he sowed strife so guilefully
Book Seven · Part 21 · seven years
Harald Hyldetand Ring (son of Ingild)
So they declared their feuds, and seven years passed in collecting the materials of war.
Book Eight · Part 1
Haki Sigmund Serker Bemon (father of Haki)
They were joined by Haki and by Sigmund and Serker the sons of Bemon, all coming from the North. All these were retainers of the king
Book Eight · Part 1
Harald Hyldetand Ring (son of Ingild)
But Harald would not have the Swedes unprepared in their arrangements for war, and sent men to Ring to carry his public declaration of hostilities, and notify the rupture of the mediating peace.
Book Eight · Part 2
Ingi Oly Alver Folki Ring (son of Ingild)
Ingi (Yngwe) also, and Oly, Alver, Folki, all sons of Elrik (Alrek), embraced the service of Ring;
Book Eight · Part 2
Here Ring disembarked his forces from his fleet, and then massed and prepared to draw up in line both these and the army he had himself conducted overland.
Book Eight · Part 2
Ring (son of Ingild) Ole Regnald the Russian Wivil
the king rode round it, and posted in the van all the smartest and most excellently-armed men, led by Ole, Regnald, and Wivil;
Book Eight · Part 2
Ung, with the sons of Alrek, and Trig, he ordered to protect the right wing,
Book Eight · Part 3
Odin Hetha Hakon (captain of Harald) Wisna
Brun, being instructed to form the line on Harald's behalf, made the front in a wedge, posting Hetha on the right flank, putting Hakon in command of the left, and making Wisna standard-bearer.
Book Eight · Part 3
Ring (son of Ingild) Harald Hyldetand
Then the trumpets sounded, and both sides engaged in battle with all their strength.
Book Eight · Part 3
Starkad Hun (noble of Harald) Elli Hort Burgha
Starkad, who was the first to set forth the history of this war in the telling, fought foremost in the fray, and relates that he overthrew the nobles of Harald, Hun and Elli, Hort and Burgha, and cut off the right hand of Wisna.
Book Eight · Part 3
Starkad Hakon (captain of Harald)
He also declares that he cast Hakon, the bravest of the Danes, to the earth, but received from him such a wound in return that he had to leave the war with his lung protruding from his chest, his neck cleft to the centre, and his hand deprived of one finger;
Book Eight · Part 3
Thorkill (archer of Tellemark) Weghbiorg
While she was threatening to slay more champions, she was pierced through by an arrow from the bowstring of Thorkill, a native of Tellemark.
Book Eight · Part 4 · Meanwhile
Ubbe the Frisian Hagder Rolder Grettir
But, fearing to assault him at close quarters, they accomplished their end with arrows from afar; and thus Ubbe was riddled by a shower of arrows, no one daring to fight him hand to hand. A hundred and forty-four arrows had pierced the breast of the warrior before his bodily strength failed and he bent his knee to the earth.
Book Eight · Part 4 · Presently
But Brun, utterly unmoved by his entreaties, suddenly jerked the king out of the chariot, battered him to the earth, plucked the club from him as he fell, whirled it upon his head, and slew him with his own weapon.
Book Eight · Part 4 · When Ring heard that Harald was dead
Ring (son of Ingild) Harald Hyldetand
When Ring heard that Harald was dead, he gave the signal to his men to break up their line and cease fighting. Then under cover of truce he made treaty with the enemy, telling them that it was vain to prolong the fray without their captain.
Book Eight · Part 4 · 📍 [[Leire]] · Then
Ring (son of Ingild) Harald Hyldetand
He also ordered that the ashes of his body, when it was quite burnt, should be transferred to an urn, taken to Leire, and there, together with the horse and armour, receive a royal funeral.
Book Eight · Part 4 · Then
Then the Danes besought him to appoint Hetha over the remainder of the realm; but, that the fallen strength of the enemy might not suddenly rally, he severed Skaane from the mass of Denmark, and put it separately under the governorship of Ole, ordering that only Zealand and the other lands of the realm should be subject to Hetha.
Book Eight · Part 4 · 📍 [[Skaane]] · Then
he severed Skaane from the mass of Denmark, and put it separately under the governorship of Ole
Book Eight · Part 5
Hlenne Atyl Thott Withne Starkad
Among these were Hlenni, Atyl, Thott, and Withne, the last of whom was a Dane by birth, though he held a government among the Sclavs. Moreover, not trusting in their strength and their cunning to accomplish their deed, they bribed Starkad to join them.
Book Eight · Part 5 · Soon afterwards
Moreover, to atone for the crime he had committed, he slew some of those who had inspired him to it, thus avenging the act to which he had lent his hand.
Book Eight · Part 5 · Now
Now the Danes made OMUND, the son of Ole, king, thinking that more heed should be paid to his father's birth than to his deserts.
Book Eight · Part 5 · 📍 [[Norway]]
Omund Ring (king of the Northmen) Odd (chief of Jather)
Sparing the goods of the common people, he gave the private property of Ring over to be plundered, and slew his kinsfolk; Odd also having joined his forces to Omund.
Book Eight · Part 5 · 📍 [[Skaane]] · Meanwhile
Atyl Omund Ring (king of the Northmen)
The order was executed with more rashness than success; and Atyl, with his power defeated and shattered, fled beaten to Skaane.
Book Eight · Part 6
Omund wept for his death, and gave Homod, whose trusty help he had received in the war, in marriage to one of the daughters of Ring, taking the other himself.
Book Eight · Part 6 · 📍 [[Jutland]]
but he overcame seven kings in a single combat, and ratified by conquest his accustomed right to tribute.
Book Eight · Part 7
Starkad, holding out hopes of consent, bade him come nearer, drew the sword from his side, and ran him through.
Book Eight · Part 7
They galloped forward, and tried to make off, but were stopped by the staves of Starkad, and paid for it with their lives.
Book Eight · Part 8 · After this
After this I slew Hame, who fought me mightily;
Book Eight · Part 8 · At last
Starkad Hather (son of Hlenne)
he offered him his throat to smite, bidding him not to shrink from punishing the slayer of his father.
Book Eight · Part 8 · At last
Starkad Hather (son of Hlenne)
He promised him that if he did so he should possess the gold which he had himself received from Hlenne.
Book Eight · Part 9
Starkad Hather (son of Hlenne)
So Hather smote sharply with the sword and hacked off the head of the old man.
Book Eight · Part 9 · 📍 [[Rolung]]
Starkad Hather (son of Hlenne)
But he would not allow so great a champion to lie unsepulchred, and had his body buried in the field that is commonly called Rolung.
Book Eight · Part 9 · Now
Now Omund, as I have heard, died most tranquilly, while peace was unbroken, leaving two sons and two daughters.
Book Eight · Part 9 · At this time
The eldest of these, SIWARD, came to the throne by right of birth, while his brother Budle was still of tender years.
Book Eight · Part 9 · At this time
Ebb did his work skilfully, and brought back the good news that the girl had consented.
Book Eight · Part 9 · towards the mirk of night
Loosened from the knots of its fastening, it fell violently on the ground, and slew those beneath it.
Book Eight · Part 10 · 📍 [[Halland]]
Gotar (King of the Swedes) Siward (son of Omund)
Siward, defeated by him in Halland, retreated into Jutland, the enemy having taken his sister.
Book Eight · Part 10 · 📍 [[Funen]] · a little afterwards
But a little afterwards, the men whom he had subdued when they were ungeneraled, found a general and defeated Siward in Funen.
Book Eight · Part 10 · 📍 [[Jutland]]
The result was that he lost both Skaane and Jutland, and only retained the middle of his realm without the head, like the fragments of some body that had been consumed away.
Book Eight · Part 10
His son Jarmerik (Eormunrec), with his child-sisters, fell into the hands of the enemy;
Book Eight · Part 10 · 📍 [[Skaane]]
he slew Simon, and ended his own life amid a great slaughter of his foes.
Book Eight · Part 10
Jarmerik Gunn (foster-brother of Jarmerik)
Jarmerik, meantime, with his foster-brother of the same age as himself, Gunn, was living in prison, in charge of Ismar, the King of the Sclavs.
Book Eight · Part 10 · At last
At last he was taken out and put to agriculture, doing the work of a peasant.
Book Eight · Part 10
As he likewise did this business most uprightly, he was enrolled in the band of the king's retainers. Here he bore himself most pleasantly as courtiers use, and was soon taken into the number of the king's friends and obtained the first place in his intimacy;
Book Eight · Part 10
Then he broke into the private treasury of the king, took out the money, and hid himself in places of which he alone knew.
Book Eight · Part 10 · towards night
Gunn (foster-brother of Jarmerik)
But towards night he plied the watch bountifully with wine and festal mirth, cut off their heads as they slept, and set them at their groins, in order to make their slaying more shameful.
Book Eight · Part 10
Gunn (foster-brother of Jarmerik)
But while she unwarily put forth her head, the sword of Gunn suddenly pierced her through.
Book Eight · Part 11
Jarmerik Gunn (foster-brother of Jarmerik)
Then Jarmerik, with Gunn, the partner of his noble deed, secretly set fire to the tent wherein the king was celebrating with a banquet the obsequies of his brother; all the company were overcome with liquor.
Book Eight · Part 11 · At the same time
Gotar (King of the Swedes) Sibb
At the same time Gotar charged Sibb with debauching his sister, and slew him.
Book Eight · Part 11 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Jarmerik Gotar (King of the Swedes) Sibb
Sibb's kindred, much angered by his death, came wailing to Jarmerik, and promised to attack Gotar with him, in order to avenge their kinsman. They kept their promise well, for Jarmerik, having overthrown Gotar by their help, gained Sweden.
Book Eight · Part 11
Thus, holding the sovereignty of both nations, he was encouraged by his increased power to attack the Sclavs, forty of whom he took and hung with a wolf tied to each of them.
Book Eight · Part 11 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
Jarmerik, on his way back from roving, chanced to intercept their fleet, and destroyed it, a deed which added honour to his roll of conquests.
Book Eight · Part 12
Even the Sclavs began to rise against him; and, as a means of quelling them, he captured their leaders, passed a rope through their shanks, and delivered them to be torn asunder by horses pulling different ways.
Book Eight · Part 12 · 📍 [[Germany]] · Meantime
The king demolished their strongholds in Germany with engines, blockaded or took several towns, and returned home with a bloodless victory.
Book Eight · Part 12 · After this
The Hellespontines came to meet him, proffering their sister for the promised marriage. After this had been celebrated, at Bikk's prompting he again went to Germany, took his nephews in war, and incontinently hanged them.
Book Eight · Part 12 · 📍 [[Germany]] · After this
After this had been celebrated, at Bikk's prompting he again went to Germany, took his nephews in war, and incontinently hanged them.
Book Eight · Part 12 · Meantime
Thus Broder was freed from death, and Bikk, fearing he would pay the penalty of an informer, went and told the men of the Hellespont that Swanhild had been abominably slain by her husband.
Book Eight · Part 13 · in his father's old age
The next king was SIWALD. His son SNIO took vigorously to roving in his father's old age
Book Eight · Part 13 · 📍 [[Skaane]] · when he came to the sovereignty
Likewise, when he came to the sovereignty, he crushed the insolence of the champions Eskil and Alkil, and by this conquest reunited to his country Skaane, which had been severed from the general jurisdiction of Denmark.
Book Eight · Part 13
At last he conceived a passion for the daughter of the King of the Goths; it was returned, and he sent secret messengers to seek a chance of meeting her.
Book Eight · Part 13
The result was that the King of the Goths was beaten by reason of the ill-success of his defenders, and had to quit his kingdom for the Danes.
Book Eight · Part 13 · 📍 [[Bocheror]] · the beginning of the winter
And when Snio had been told all this by the beggar, he contrived to carry the queen off in a vessel; for she got away under pretence of bathing, and took her husband's treasures.
Book Eight · Part 13 · At this time
He abolished drinking-bouts, and decreed that no drink should be prepared from gram, thinking that the bitter famine should be got rid of by prohibiting needless drinking, and that plentiful food could be levied as a loan on thirst.
Book Eight · Part 14
This witty quibbling turned the anger of the king into shame; and when he saw that his ordinance for the general good came home in mockery to himself, he thought no more of the public profit, but revoked the edict, relaxing his purpose sooner than anger his subjects.
Book Eight · Part 15 · Then
Agg (son of Gambaruk) Ebb (son of Gambaruk)
Then, at the proposal of Agg and of Ebb, it was provided by a decree of the people that the old men and the tiny children should be slain; that all who were too young to bear arms should be taken out of the land, and only the strong should be vouchsafed their own country;
Book Eight · Part 15 · When Agg and Ebb brought news of this to their mother Gambaruk
Condemning the decision of the assembly, she said that it was wrong to relieve distress by murder of kindred, and declared that a plan both more honourable and more desirable for the good of their souls and bodies would be, to preserve respect towards their parents and children, and choose by lot men who should quit the country.
Book Eight · Part 15 · These words were reported to the assembly
These words were reported to the assembly, and assented to by the vote of the majority. So the fortunes of all were staked upon the lot and those upon whom it fell were doomed to be banished.
Book Eight · Part 16
Gorm (father of Gotrik) Thorkill
Three hundred men announced that they had the same desire as the king; and he resolved that Thorkill, who had brought the news, should be chosen to guide them on the journey, as he knew the ground and was versed in the approaches to that country. Thorkill did not refuse the task
Book Eight · Part 16 · On the following night
Thorkill yielded to these threats; and, in order to preserve the safety of all by imperilling a few, singled out three men by lot and gave them up.
Book Eight · Part 19
For he laid his hand upon the mantle, and his rash example tempted the rest to join in his enterprise of plunder.
Book Eight · Part 19
For he conceived an incurable love for one of the daughters of Gudmund, and embraced her;
Book Eight · Part 19 · 📍 [[the river]] · as he was about to ford the river in his carriage
as he was about to ford the river in his carriage, his wheels sank deep, he was caught up in the violent eddies and destroyed.
Book Eight · Part 19
Gorm (father of Gotrik) [[Utgarda-Loki]]
but the king, offering both vows and peace-offerings to Utgarda-Loki, obtained that fair season of weather for which he prayed.
Book Eight · Part 19 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · Coming home
So he took a queen from Sweden, and exchanged his old pursuits for meditative leisure.
Book Eight · Part 19
Gorm (father of Gotrik) Thorkill
he forced them to sail under the command of Thorkill, and even upbraided them with cowardice.
Book Eight · Part 20
To be surer of getting back to his friends, Thorkill fastened a jewel upon the mast-head, to mark it by the gleam. When he got to the shore,
Book Eight · Part 20
Thorkill [[Utgarda-Loki]]
Again, after this, a foul and gloomy room was disclosed to the visitors, wherein they saw Utgarda-Loki, laden hand and foot with enormous chains. Each of his reeking hairs was as large and stiff as a spear of cornel. Thorkill (his companions lending a hand), in order that his deeds might gain more credit, plucked one of these from the chin of Utgarda-Loki, who suffered it.
Book Eight · Part 21
until Thorkill prayed to the god of the universe, and poured forth unto him libations as well as prayers; and thus, presently finding the sky even as before and the elements clear, he made a fair voyage.
Book Eight · Part 21 · 📍 [[Germany]]
At last Thorkill landed in Germany, which had then been admitted to Christianity; and among its people he began to learn how to worship God.
Book Eight · Part 21 · in the night
Men were therefore hired by the king's command to slay Thorkill in the night. But somehow he got wind of it, left his bed unknown to all, and put a heavy log in his place. By this he baffled the treacherous device of the king, for the hirelings smote only the stock.
Book Eight · Part 21
Gorm (father of Gotrik) Thorkill [[Utgarda-Loki]]
For he could not bear to hear Utgarda-Loki reproached with filthiness, and so resented his shameful misfortunes, that his very life could not brook such words, and he yielded it up in the midst of Thorkill's narrative.
Book Eight · Part 21 · After the death of Gorm
Gotrik Gorm (father of Gotrik)
After the death of Gorm, GOTRIK his son came to the throne.
Book Eight · Part 22 · 📍 [[Norway]]
So Ref returned to Norway and slew his opponent, who refused to pay the wager.
Book Eight · Part 22
Among his memorable deeds were the terms of tribute he imposed upon the Saxons; namely, that whenever a change of kings occurred among the Danes, their princes should devote a hundred snow-white horses to the new king on his accession.
Book Eight · Part 22 · 📍 [[Germany]] · Meanwhile
Meanwhile it befell that Karl, King of the Franks, crushed Germany in war, and forced it not only to embrace the worship of Christianity, but also to obey his authority.
Book Eight · Part 22
Obeying this command, Karl intrusted his son Pepin with the conduct of the war against Gotrik; so that while he himself was working against a distant foe, Pepin might manage the conflict he had undertaken with his neighbour.
Book Eight · Part 23
On this country Gotrik imposed a kind of tribute, which was not so much harsh as strange.
Book Eight · Part 23 · afterwards
Karl is said to have freed them afterwards from the burden of this tax.
Book Eight · Part 23
Gotrik determined to swoop down upon the further districts of Germany, but was treacherously attacked by one of his own servants, and perished at home by the sword of a traitor.
Book Nine · Part 1 · After Gotrik's death
After Gotrik's death reigned his son OLAF
Book Nine · Part 1 · 📍 [[Leire]]
When he perished, his body was put in a barrow, famous for the name of Olaf, which was built up close by Leire.
Book Nine · Part 1 · After these men
After these men there came to the throne, backed by the Skanians and Zealanders, SIWARD, surnamed RING.
Book Nine · Part 1 · 📍 [[Jutland]]
Ring (master of Jutland) Siward Ring
Now Ring, cousin of Siward, and also a grandson of Gotrik, was master of Jutland. Thus the power of the single kingdom was divided;
Book Nine · Part 1
Ring (master of Jutland) Siward Ring
Wherefore Ring (desiring his) command, seized the opportunity, tried to transfer the whole sovereignty to himself, and did not hesitate to injure in his own land the man who was watching over it without; for he attacked the provinces in the possession of Siward
Book Nine · Part 1
proclaimed his son Ragnar as king, when he was scarcely dragged out of his cradle.
Book Nine · Part 1
Siward Ring Ring (master of Jutland)
He slew Ring, but himself received an incurable wound, of which he died a few days afterwards.
Book Nine · Part 1 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · At this time
Fro (Frey?), the King of Sweden, after slaying Siward, the King of the Norwegians
Book Nine · Part 1 · 📍 [[Norway]] · When Ragnar heard of this
When Ragnar heard of this, he went to Norway to avenge his grandfather.
Book Nine · Part 1
Among them was Ladgerda, a skilled amazon, who, though a maiden, had the courage of a man, and fought in front among the bravest with her hair loose over her shoulders.
Book Nine · Part 2
Ragnar, when he had justly cut down the murderer of his grandfather,
Book Nine · Part 2
Ragnar Lodbrog Ladgerda Fridleif (son of Ragnar)
Thus he had the maiden as the prize of the peril he had overcome. By this marriage he had two daughters, whose names have not come down to us, and a son Fridleif.
Book Nine · Part 2 · 📍 [[Liim-fjord]] · when the winter was over
when the winter was over he fought successfully with the Jutlanders who dwelt near the Liim-fjord in that region.
Book Nine · Part 2
Herodd Thora (daughter of Herodd)
the king, repenting of his sluggishness, proclaimed that whosoever removed the pest should have his daughter.
Book Nine · Part 2 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Ragnar Lodbrog Thora (daughter of Herodd)
He pierced both their hearts, and his battle ended in victory.
Book Nine · Part 2
Ragnar Lodbrog Thora (daughter of Herodd) Radbard (son of Ragnar) Dunwat Siward Snake-Eye Biorn Ironsides Agnar (son of Ragnar) Iwar
By her he begot two nobly-gifted sons, Radbard and Dunwat. These also had brothers--Siward, Biorn, Agnar, and Iwar.
Book Nine · Part 3 · Meanwhile
Ragnar Lodbrog Harald (rival of Ragnar)
they disallowed the title of Ragnar, and gave a certain Harald the sovereign power.
Book Nine · Part 3 · 📍 [[Norway]] · hastily
Ladgerda, whose early love still flowed deep and steadfast, hastily sailed off with her husband and her son. She brought herself to offer a hundred and twenty ships to the man who had once put her away.
Book Nine · Part 3 · 📍 [[Laneus (Woolly)]] · first
Ragnar Lodbrog Harald (rival of Ragnar)
At last the lines of HARALD became slack, and HARALD himself was routed with a great slaughter of his men.
Book Nine · Part 3 · in the night
LADGERDA, when she had gone home after the battle, murdered her husband.... in the night with a spear-head, which she had hid in her gown. Then she usurped the whole of his name and sovereignty;
Book Nine · Part 3 · Then
Then the old man suddenly, by the help of his hand, touched and banished the livid spot, and suddenly scarred the wound over.
Book Nine · Part 3
Hence it happened that Siward got the widespread name of Snake-Eye.
Book Nine · Part 3 · Meantime
Thora (daughter of Herodd) Ragnar Lodbrog
Meantime Thora, the bride of Ragnar, perished of a violent malady, which caused infinite trouble and distress to the husband, who dearly loved his wife.
Book Nine · Part 3 · Also
Also he enacted that every piece of litigation should be referred to the judgment of twelve chosen elders, all ordinary methods of action being removed, the accuser being forbidden to charge, and the accused to defend.
Book Nine · Part 3 · 📍 [[Britain]]
Ragnar Lodbrog Hame (king of Britain)
he lifted up his arms against Britain, and attacked and slew in battle its king, Hame, the father of Ella, who was a most noble youth.
Book Nine · Part 3 · 📍 [[the provinces]]
Ragnar Lodbrog Siward Snake-Eye Radbard (son of Ragnar)
and made his sons Siward and Radbard masters of the provinces, which were now without governors.
Book Nine · Part 3 · 📍 [[Norway]]
Ragnar Lodbrog Fridleif (son of Ragnar)
He also deprived Norway of its chief by force, and commanded it to obey Fridleif, whom he also set over the Orkneys, from which he took their own earl.
Book Nine · Part 4 · 📍 [[Germany]]
Ragnar Lodbrog Harald (rival of Ragnar)
Ragnar, setting out to check them with a fleet of the Danes who lived in the isles, crushed the army of the rebels, drove Harald, the leader of the conquered army, a fugitive to Germany
Book Nine · Part 4
Ragnar Lodbrog Harald (rival of Ragnar)
and forced him to resign unbashfully an honour which he had gained without scruple.
Book Nine · Part 4
Moreover, the estates of those who had deserted with Harald he distributed among those who were serving as his soldiers
Book Nine · Part 4
Ragnar Lodbrog Karl (father of Pepin)
A battle was fought with Ragnar; but Karl did not succeed as happily in the field as he had got warning of the danger. And so that tireless conqueror of almost all Europe, who in his calm and complete career of victory had travelled over so great a portion of the world, now beheld his army, which had vanquished all these states and nations, turning its face from the field, and shattered by a handful from a single province.
Book Nine · Part 4 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
and also heard that his own sons, owing to the slander of Sorle, the king chosen in his stead, had been robbed of their inheritance.
Book Nine · Part 4 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Ragnar Lodbrog Biorn Ironsides Fridleif (son of Ragnar) Radbard (son of Ragnar) Sorle Starkad (champion of Sorle)
Sorle met him with his army, and offered him the choice between a public conflict and a duel; and when Ragnar chose personal combat, he sent against him Starkad, a champion of approved daring, with his band of seven sons, to challenge and fight with him. Ragnar took his three sons to share the battle with him, engaged in the sight of both armies, and came out of the combat triumphant.
Book Nine · Part 5
Biorn, having inflicted great slaughter on the foe without hurt to himself, gained from the strength of his sides, which were like iron, a perpetual name (Ironsides).
Book Nine · Part 5
he attacked and slew Sorle with the entire forces he was leading.
Book Nine · Part 5 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Ragnar Lodbrog Biorn Ironsides
He presented Biorn with the lordship of Sweden for his conspicuous bravery and service.
Book Nine · Part 5 · When this son had grown up somewhat
Ragnar Lodbrog Ubbe (son of Ragnar)
Also he added, that the son to be born of her was of his own line, and that he wished him to be named Ubbe.
Book Nine · Part 5 · 📍 [[Hellespont]] · At last
Ragnar Lodbrog Dia (king of the Hellespont)
At last he involved the same king in disaster after disaster, and slew him.
Book Nine · Part 5 · But Ragnar, when he saw their boundless army
Dia (son of the king of the Hellespont) Daxo Ragnar Lodbrog
Dia's sons, Dia and Daxo, who had before married the daughters of the Russian king, begged forces from their father-in-law, and rushed with most ardent courage to the work of avenging their father. But Ragnar, when he saw their boundless army, distrusted his own forces; and he put brazen horses on wheels that could be drawn easily, took them round on carriages that would turn, and ordered that they should be driven with the utmost force against the thickest ranks of the enemy. This device served so well to break the line of the foe, that the Danes' hope of conquest seemed to lie more in the engine than in the soldiers: for its insupportable weight overwhelmed whatever it struck. Thus one of the leaders was killed, while one made off in flight, and the whole army of the area of the Hellespont retreated.
Book Nine · Part 6 · 📍 [[Permland]]
Here, after killing the king of the Perms and routing the king of the Finns, Ragnar set an eternal memorial of his victory on the rocks, which bore the characters of his deeds on their face, and looked down upon them.
Book Nine · Part 6 · Meanwhile
Meanwhile Ubbe was led by his grandfather, Esbern, to conceive an unholy desire for the throne; and, casting away all thought of the reverence due to his father, he claimed the emblem of royalty for his own head.
Book Nine · Part 6 · 📍 [[Gothland]]
When Ragnar heard of his arrogance from Kelther and Thorkill, the earls of Sweden, he made a hasty voyage towards Gothland.
Book Nine · Part 6
Esbern Kelther Thorkill (earl of Sweden)
Esbern, finding that these men were attached with a singular loyalty to the side of Ragnar, tried to bribe them to desert the king. But they did not swerve from their purpose
Book Nine · Part 6
Esbern speedily made an attempt on Biorn himself, addressing him most courteously through his envoys. Biorn said that he would never lean more to treachery than to good faith, and judged that it would be a most abominable thing to prefer the favour of an infamous brother to the love of a most righteous father.
Book Nine · Part 6
The envoys themselves he punished with hanging, because they counselled him to so grievous a crime.
Book Nine · Part 6
So Esbern, thinking that his secret and stealthy manoeuvres did not succeed fast enough, mustered his forces openly, and went publicly forth to war.
Book Nine · Part 7 · 📍 [[Viridis]]
Ragnar attacked and slew Esbern in the bay that is called in Latin Viridis;
Book Nine · Part 7 · 📍 [[Zealand]] · again
Ubbe (son of Ragnar) Ragnar Lodbrog
But Ubbe took to flight, and again attacked his father, having revived the war in Zealand.
Book Nine · Part 7 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
But when Iwar heard that the rising in his country had been quelled by the punishment of the rebel, he went to Denmark. Ragnar received him with the greatest honour, because, while the unnatural war had raged its fiercest, he had behaved with the most entire filial respect.
Book Nine · Part 7 · now
Ragnar Lodbrog Ubbe (son of Ragnar)
and embraced with a father's love Ubbe, who was now restored to his ancient favour.
Book Nine · Part 7 · 📍 [[Russia]]
Then he transported his fleet over to Russia, took Daxo, bound him in chains, and sent him away to be kept in Utgard.
Book Nine · Part 7 · soon
Ragnar soon took Daxo back into favour, and restored him to his country, upon his promising that he would every year pay him his tribute barefoot, like a suppliant, with twelve elders, also unshod.
Book Nine · Part 7 · 📍 [[Sweden]] · Then
Then he went on and appointed his son Erik, surnamed Wind-hat, over Sweden.
Book Nine · Part 7 · 📍 [[Norway]]
Ragnar Lodbrog Biorn Ironsides
So he first overthrew the usurper to the power of Norway, and let Biorn have the country for his own benefit.
Book Nine · Part 8 · 📍 [[the territory of the Scots]] · in a three-days' battle
and in a three-days' battle wearied out their king Murial, and slew him.
Book Nine · Part 8
Dunwat Radbard (son of Ragnar)
But Ragnar's sons, Dunwat and Radbard, after fighting nobly, were slain by the enemy.
Book Nine · Part 8 · 📍 [[Denmark]] · in the meantime
and found that his wife Swanloga had in the meantime died of disease.
Book Nine · Part 8
For the Gauls had made him fly, and had wrongfully bestowed royal power on a certain Ella, the son of Hame.
Book Nine · Part 8 · 📍 [[Ireland]] · then
Ragnar Lodbrog Melbrik (king of Ireland)
he went to Ireland, slew its king Melbrik, besieged Dublin, which was filled with wealth of the barbarians, attacked it, and received its surrender.
Book Nine · Part 8 · 📍 [[Dublin]] · then
he went to Ireland, slew its king Melbrik, besieged Dublin, which was filled with wealth of the barbarians, attacked it, and received its surrender.
Book Nine · Part 8 · meanwhile
Harald, meanwhile, with the adherence of certain Danes who were cold-hearted servants in the army of Ragnar, disturbed his country with renewed sedition, and came forward claiming the title of king.
Book Nine · Part 8 · 📍 [[Mainz]] · as soon as Harald had gone to the holy font
Harald (rival of Ragnar) Ludwig
This decision procured not only salvation for Ludwig's guest, but the praise of piety for Ludwig himself, who, as soon as Harald had gone to the holy font, accordingly strengthened him with Saxon auxiliaries.
Book Nine · Part 8 · 📍 [[the land of Sleswik]]
Trusting in these, Harald built a temple in the land of Sleswik with much care and cost, to be hallowed to God.
Book Nine · Part 8
Ragnar Lodbrog Harald (rival of Ragnar)
For Ragnar came up, outraged the holy rites he had brought in, outlawed the true faith, restored the false one to its old position, and bestowed on the ceremonies the same honour as before.
Book Nine · Part 8 · when he had been taken and cast into prison
For when he had been taken and cast into prison, his guilty limbs were given to serpents to devour
Book Nine · Part 9
Ragnar Lodbrog Iwar Siward Snake-Eye Biorn Ironsides
But when Siward heard the same tidings, he loved his father more than he cared for his own pain
Book Nine · Part 9
Iwar brought into the city, when he founded it, supplies that would serve amply for a siege
Book Nine · Part 9 · at the appointed time
Siward Snake-Eye Biorn Ironsides Ella
when they had captured him, they ordered the figure of an eagle to be cut in his back, rejoicing to crush their most ruthless foe by marking him with the cruellest of birds. Not satisfied with imprinting a wound on him, they salted the mangled flesh. Thus Ella was done to death
Book Nine · Part 9 · 📍 [[Sleswik]]
Siward (royal line) Erik (royal line)
The sons of Ragnar, together with a fleet of 1,700 ships, attacked them at Sleswik, and destroyed them in a conflict which lasted six months.
Book Nine · Part 9 · 📍 [[England]] · Then, when Biorn and Erik had gone home
Iwar Siward Snake-Eye Agnar (son of Ragnar) Biorn Ironsides Erik Wind-hat
Then, when Biorn and Erik had gone home, Iwar and Siward settled in Denmark, that they might curb the rebels with a stronger rein, setting Agnar to govern England.
Book Nine · Part 9 · 📍 [[England]]
Agnar (son of Ragnar) Siward Snake-Eye
Agnar was stung because the English rejected him, and, with the help of Siward, chose, rather than foster the insolence of the province that despised him, to dispeople it and leave its fields, which were matted in decay, with none to till them.
Book Nine · Part 9 · 📍 [[Sweden]]
Agnar (son of Ragnar) Erik Wind-hat Osten (slayer of Erik)
But while he was narrowly bent on avenging another, he squandered his own blood on the foe; and while he was eagerly trying to punish the slaughter of his brother, sacrificed his own life to brotherly love.
Book Nine · Part 10
Siward Snake-Eye Erik, son of Siward
He died, and ERIK, who was a very young child, inherited his nature, rather than his realm or his tranquillity.
Book Nine · Part 10
Erik, brother of Harald Erik, son of Siward
For Erik, the brother of Harald, despising his exceedingly tender years, invaded the country with rebels, and seized the crown; nor was he ashamed to assail the lawful infant sovereign, and to assume an unrightful power.
Book Nine · Part 10
Erik, brother of Harald Gudorm
For the war between this man and Gudorm, the son of Harald, ended suddenly with such slaughter that they were both slain, with numberless others;
Book Nine · Part 10
And would that he had not shown himself rashly to inherit the spirit of Ragnar, by his abolition of Christian worship! For he continually tortured all the most religious men, or stripped them of their property and banished them.
Book Nine · Part 10
For Erik, upon the healthy admonitions of Ansgarius, laid aside the errors of his impious heart, and atoned for whatsoever he had done amiss in the insolence thereof;
Book Nine · Part 10
Erik, son of Siward Kanute (son of Erik) Gudorm
He had a son KANUTE by the daughter of Gudorm, who was also the granddaughter of Harald;
Book Nine · Part 10 · While this child remained in infancy
Enni-gnup Kanute (son of Erik)
The issue was that a certain Enni-gnup (Steep-brow), a man of the highest and most entire virtue, was forced to put his shoulder to this heavy burden;
Book Nine · Part 10 · when Kanute had passed through the period of boyhood
But when Kanute had passed through the period of boyhood, and had in time grown to be a man, he left those who had done him the service of bringing him up,
Book Nine · Part 10 · But soon
Frode (son of Kanute) Kanute (son of Erik)
But soon the sovereignty passed to his son FRODE.
Book Nine · Part 10
that he brought back to the ancient yoke the provinces which had once revolted from the Danes, and bound them in their old obedience.
Book Nine · Part 10 · 📍 [[England]]
He also came forward to be baptised with holy water in England, which had for some while past been versed in Christianity.
Book Nine · Part 10
His death befell before the arrival of the messengers from Rome:
Book Nine · Part 11 · 📍 [[England]] · on his father's death
His son GORM, who had the surname of "The Englishman," because he was born in England, gained the sovereignty in the island on his father's death
Book Nine · Part 11 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
He left England for Denmark to put it in order; but a long misfortune was the fruit of this short absence. For the English, who thought that their whole chance of freedom lay in his being away, planned an open revolt from the Danes, and in hot haste took heart to rebel.
Book Nine · Part 11 · 📍 [[Denmark]] · After this man
Harald (son of Gorm the Englishman)
After this man his son HARALD came to be king of Denmark
Book Nine · Part 11 · 📍 [[Sleswik]]
Also, in order to restore the old worship to the shrines, he razed to its lowest foundations, as though it were some unholy abode of impiety, a temple which religious men had founded in a stead in Sleswik
Book Nine · Part 11 · 📍 [[Denmark]]
Gorm (husband of Thyra) Thyra Ethelred
She surpassed other women in seriousness and shrewdness, and laid the condition on her suitor that she would not marry him till she had received Denmark as a dowry. This compact was made between them, and she was betrothed to Gorm.
Book Nine · Part 11 · on the first night that she went up on to the marriage-bed
When his servants questioned him, he related his vision; and Thyra, thinking that she would be blest with offspring, forbore her purpose to put off her marriage, eagerly relaxing the chastity for which she had so hotly prayed. Exchanging celibacy for love, she granted her husband full joy of herself
Book Nine · Part 12 · Soon
Thyra Kanute (son of Gorm) Harald (son of Thyra)
Soon she was the fortunate mother of Kanute and Harald.
Book Nine · Part 12 · When these princes had attained man's estate
Kanute (son of Gorm) Harald (son of Thyra)
When these princes had attained man's estate, they put forth a fleet and quelled the reckless insolence of the Sclavs.
Book Nine · Part 12 · 📍 [[England]]
Kanute (son of Gorm) Harald (son of Thyra) Ethelred
Neither did they leave England free from an attack of the same kind. Ethelred was delighted with their spirit, and rejoiced at the violence his nephews offered him;
Book Nine · Part 12 · 📍 [[England]]
Ethelred Kanute (son of Gorm) Harald (son of Thyra)
he passed over his daughter, and bequeathed England in his will to these two
Book Nine · Part 12 · 📍 [[Dublin]]
Kanute (son of Gorm) Harald (son of Thyra)
Dublin, which was considered the capital of the country, was beseiged.
Book Nine · Part 12 · 📍 [[Dublin]] · by night
It struck the body of the king in front, and pierced him with a mortal wound.
Book Nine · Part 12 · 📍 [[Ireland]]
Kanute (son of Gorm) Harald (son of Thyra)
By this device he made the Danes masters of Ireland ere he made his own death known to the Irish.
Book Nine · Part 12
By this answer she made out her lord a dead man and herself a widow, and had to lament her husband as soon as her son.