Holinshed's Chronicles — the reigns Shakespeare dramatized — Chronicle — Holinshed's Chronicles (8)

This done, they went and brought the quéene and hir sonne prince Edward vnto his presence, whome he ioifullie receiued, imbracing and kissing them in most louing wise

c. 1461

Henry VI knighted Edward of Westminster after the battle.

Henry VI 64 · 📍 [[saint Albons]]

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York

The quéene caused the king to dub hir sonne prince Edward knight, with thirtie other persons, which the day before fought on hir side against his part.

c. 1461

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York was slain before his duchess sent their younger sons overseas.

Henry VI 65

The duches of Yorke, séeing hir husband and sonne slaine, and not knowing what should succéed of hir eldest sonnes chance

c. 1461

George Plantagenet and Richard III were sent overseas and received by Philip the Good at Utrecht.

Henry VI 65 · 📍 [[Utrecht in Almaine]]

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Richard III Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy

sent hir two yonger sonnes, George and Richard, ouer the sea, to the citie of Utrecht in Almaine, where they were of Philip duke of Burgognie well receiued

c. 1461

Henry VI and Edward IV departed saint Albons for the north, seeking refuge and support.

Henry VI 65 · 📍 [[saint Albons]]

Henry VI Edward IV

The quéene hauing little trust in Essex, and lesse in Kent, but least of all in London, with hir husband and sonne, departed from saint Albons, into the north countrie, where the foundation of hir aid and refuge onelie rested.

c. 1461

Henry VI was deprived of kingship, while Edward IV was elected and admitted king.

Henry VI 65

Henry VI Edward IV

After the lords had considered of this matter, they determined by authoritie of the said councell, that because king Henrie had doone contrarie to the ordinances in the last parlement concluded, and was insufficient of himselfe to rule the realme, he was therfore to be depriued of all kinglie estate: and incontinentlie was Edward earle of March, sonne and heire to Richard duke of Yorke, by the lords in the said councell assembled, named, elected, and admitted for king and gouernour of the realme.

c. 1461

The assembled people rejected Henry VI and acclaimed Edward IV as their king.

Henry VI 65 · 📍 [[S. Iohns field]]

Then he asked them, if they would serue, loue, honour, and obeie the erle of March, as their onlie king and souereigne lord: To which question they answered; Yea, yea: crieng (king Edward) with manie great shouts & clapping of hands in assent and gladnesse of the same.

c. 1461

Edward IV accepted the kingdom's charge after the lords and commons petitioned him.

Henry VI 65 · 📍 [[Bainards castell]]

Henry V Michaell Trigurie

The earle, after long pausing, first thanked God of his great grace and benefit towards him shewed; then the lords and commons for their fauour and fidelitie: notwithstanding, like a wise prince, he alleged his insufficiencie for so great a roome and weightie burthen, as lacke of knowledge, want of experience, and diuerse other qualities to a gouernour appertaining. But yet in conclusion, being persuaded by the archbishop of Canturburie, the bishop of Excester, and other lords then present, he agréed to their petition, and tooke vpon him the charge of the kingdome, as forfeited to him by breach of the couenants established in parlement:

c. 1461

Iohn Low was appointed bishop of Saint Asaph and later transferred to Rochester.

Henry VI 66 · 📍 [[Rochester]]

Henry VI John Low

and by king Henrie the sixt, made first bishop of saint Asaph, and after remooued from thense to Rochester;

c. 1461

Henry V appointed Michaell Trigurie governor of the university at Caen.

Henry VI 66 · 📍 [[Caen in Normandie]]

whome for his excellencie and learning, king Henrie the fift appointed to be gouernour of that schoole or vniuersitie, which he instituted in the citie of Caen in Normandie

c. 1461

Pope Eugene IV made Iohn Kempe a cardinal.

Henry VI 66 · 📍 [[S. Albin]]

John Kemp Pope Eugene IV

Iohn Kempe, archbishop of Yorke, and after remooued from thense to Canturburie (as before ye haue heard) he was made cardinall of S. Albin, by pope Eugenie the fourth;

c. 1461

Adam Molins lost his head during the civil war.

Henry VI 66 · in time of the ciuill warre betwixt king Henrie, and the duke of Yorke

Adam Molins

in time of the ciuill warre betwixt king Henrie, and the duke of Yorke, in which he lost his head.

1461

Thomas Chillenden became a monk in Canterbury.

Henry VI 67 · 📍 [[Canturburie]]

Thomas Chillenden

Thomas Chillenden, a doctor both of the law ciuill and canon, became at length a moonke in Canturburie;

1461

Robert Bale died around the beginning of Edward IV's reign.

Henry VI 67 · 📍 [[London]] · in the yeare of our Lord 1461

Robert Bale

he departed this life in the yeare of our Lord 1461, euen about the beginning of the reigne of king Edward the fourth

1461

Edward IV began his reign.

Henry VI 67 · about the beginning of the reigne of king Edward the fourth

euen about the beginning of the reigne of king Edward the fourth

1461

Henry VI was deprived of his royalty.

Henry VI 67

Thus farre the tragicall historie of Henrie the sixt depriued of his roialtie.

1461

Edward IV was proclaimed king throughout the city.

Edward IV 1 · 📍 [[Westminster]] · on the morrow after

Henry VI Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland (Lancastrian captain) John Clifford, Lord Clifford

on the morrow after, he was proclamed king by the name of Edward the fourth, throughout the citie.

c. 1461

Henry VI entrusted command of his army to Somerset, Northumberland, and Clifford.

Edward IV 1

king Henrie on the other part, hauing his armie in readinesse, committed the gouernance thereof to the duke of Summerset, the earle of Northumberland, and the lord Clifford

c. 1461

Edward IV defeated the opposing force after ten hours, causing its flight toward Tadcaster bridge.

Edward IV 2 · 📍 [[Towton]]

This deadlie conflict continued ten houres in doubtfull state of victorie, vncerteinlie heauing and setting on both sides; but in the end, king Edward so couragiouslie comforted his men, that the other part was discomfited and ouercome, who like men amazed, fled toward Tadcaster bridge to saue themselues

c. 1461

Henry VI departed Berwike with his wife and son, then went into Scotland.

Edward IV 2 · 📍 [[Scotland]]

King Henrie, after he heard of the irrecouerable losse of his armie, departed incontinentlie with his wife and sonne to the towne of Berwike, and leauing the duke of Summerset there, went into Scotland

c. 1461

Edward IV was crowned and anointed king at Westminster.

Edward IV 2 · 📍 [[Westminster]] · the nine & twentith daie of Iune

Edward IV John de Vere, Earl of Oxford Aubrey Vere

This yoong prince, hauing with prosperous success obteined so glorious a victorie in the mortall battell at Towton, and chased all his aduersaries out of the realme, or at the least waies put them to silence, returned after the maner and fashion of a triumphant conquerour, with great pompe vnto London; where according to the old custome of the realme, he called a great assemblie of persons of all degrees, and the nine & twentith daie of Iune was at Westminster with solemnitie crowned and annointed king.

c. 1461

Edward IV attainted and executed John de Vere and Aubrey Vere at parliament.

Edward IV 2 · 📍 [[Westminster]] · In the same parlement

In the same parlement, the earle of Oxford far striken in age, and his sonne and heire the lord Awbreie Véer, either through malice of their enimies, or for that they had offended the king, were both, with diuerse of their councellors, attainted, and put to execution

c. 1461

Edward IV created George Plantagenet and Richard III dukes.

Edward IV 2 · after this

Edward IV George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Richard III

Also after this, he created his two yoonger brethren dukes, that is to saie, lord George duke of Clarence, lord Richard duke of Glocester

c. 1461

William Bourchier married Anne Woodville and fathered children with her.

Edward IV 2

William Bourchier Anne Woodville

the which William being a man of great industrie, wit, and prouidence in graue and weightie matters, maried the ladie Anne Wooduile, decended of high parentage, whose mother Iaquet was daughter to Peter of Lutzenburgh earle of saint Paule, by the which Anne he had lord Henrie earle of Essex, one daughter named Cicile, maried to Water lord Ferrers of Chartleie and an other called Isabell, which died vnmaried.

1462 (1 events)

1462

Henry Beaufort and Ralph Percy later revolted from Edward IV and rejoined Henry VI.

Edward IV 2 · when time serued

Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset Ralph Percy Edward IV Henry VI

Which clemencie notwithstanding, both the one and the other (when time serued) reuolted from king Edward, and betooke themselues to take part with Henrie, vnto whom they had béene adherents before

1463 (8 events)

1463

Margaret's French force was attacked; many died and nearly four hundred were captured.

Edward IV 2 · 📍 [[holie Iland]]

Margaret of Anjou Ogle John Manners

And although fortune was so fauourable to hir, yet hir companie with stormie blasts was driuen on the shore before Banburgh castell, where they set their ships on fire, and fled to an Iland called holie Iland, where they were so assailed by the bastard Ogle, and an esquier called Iohn Manners, with other of king Edwards freends, that manie of them were slaine, and almost foure hundred taken prisoners

c. 1463

Margaret of Anjou captured Banburgh and appointed Ralph Grey its captain.

Edward IV 3 · 📍 [[Banburgh]] · Shortlie after

Margaret of Anjou Ralph Grey

tooke the castell of Banburgh, and stuffed it with Scotishmen, and made thereof capteine sir Rafe Greie

c. 1463

Henry Beaufort and Ralph Percy defected from Edward IV and fled to Henry VI.

Edward IV 3 · Shortlie after

Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset Ralph Percy Edward IV Henry VI

When the duke of Summerset heard these newes, he without delaie reuolted from king Edward, and fled to king Henrie. So likewise did sir Rafe Persie

c. 1463

Ralph Percy remained and was killed while opposing the forces of Edward IV.

Edward IV 3 · 📍 [[Hegelie moore]]

Ralph Percy

and onelie sir Rafe Percie abode, and was there manfullie slaine, with diuerse other

c. 1463

John Neville defeated Henry VI's army and captured several leading Lancastrian supporters.

Edward IV 3 · 📍 [[Exham field]]

John Neville, Marquess of Montagu Henry VI Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset Thomas de Ros, Baron Ros Robert Hungerford, Baron Hungerford [[William Moleyns, Baron Moleyns]]

There was a sore foughten field, and long yer either part could haue anie aduantage of the other: but at length the victorie fell to the lord Montacute, who by fine force entered the battell of his enimies, and constreined them to flie, as despairing of all succours. In which flight, and chase were taken Henrie duke of Summerset, which before was reconciled to king Edward, the lord Roos, the lord Molins, the lord Hungerford

c. 1463

Henry Beaufort was beheaded, and the captured leaders were subsequently executed.

Edward IV 3 · 📍 [[Exham]]

Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset Thomas de Ros, Baron Ros [[William Moleyns, Baron Moleyns]] Robert Hungerford, Baron Hungerford Thomas Wentworth Thomas Hussey John Finderne

The duke of Summerset was incontinentlie beheaded at Exham; the other lords and knights were had to Newcastell, and there (after a little respit) were likewise put to death.

c. 1463

Edward IV's commanders captured Dunstanburgh and Banburgh after forcing their way into the castles.

Edward IV 3 · 📍 [[Dunstanburgh]] · After this battell called Exham field

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick John Neville, Marquess of Montagu William Neville, Lord Fauconberg John Scrope, Lord Scrope

After this, they woone the castell of Dunstanburgh by force, and likewise the castell of Banburgh.

c. 1463

Edward IV created John Neville Earl of Northumberland and William Herbert Earl of Pembroke.

Edward IV 3 · 📍 [[Yorke]] · After this

Edward IV John Neville, Marquess of Montagu William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke

he created sir Iohn Neuill, lord Montacute earle of Northumberland; and in reproofe of Iasper earle of Penbrooke he created William lord Herbert earle of the same place.

1464 (5 events)

1464

Henry VI was recognized, captured, brought through London, and imprisoned in the Tower.

Edward IV 3 · 📍 [[the Tower]]

Henry VI Cantlow Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

He was no sooner entred, but he was knowne and taken of one Cantlow, and brought toward the king, whom the earle of Warwike met on the way by the kings commandement, and brought him through London to the Tower, & there he was laid in sure hold.

c. 1464

Margaret of Anjou departed Scotland and went to France after hearing of her husband's captivity.

Edward IV 4 · 📍 [[Scotland]]

Margaret of Anjou

Quéene Margaret hearing of the captiuitie of hir husband, mistrusting the chance of hir sonne, all desolate and comfortlesse departed out of Scotland, and passed into France

c. 1464

Edward IV distributed the possessions of Henry VI's supporters among his soldiers and captains.

Edward IV 4

distributed the possessions of such as tooke part with king Henrie the sixt, to his souldiers and capteins

c. 1464

Edward IV proclaimed a full pardon for his armed opponents who submitted to his mercy.

Edward IV 4

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Bonne of Savoy Edward IV

he made proclamations, that all persons, which were adherents to his aduersaries part, & would leaue their armour, and submit themselues wholie to his grace and mercie, should be cléerelie pardoned and forgiuen

c. 1464

Warwick secured assent to Edward IV's proposed marriage with Bonne of Savoy.

Edward IV 4 · 📍 [[France]]

so that the matrimonie on that side was cleerelie assented to

1465 (5 events)

1465

Edward IV secretly married Elizabeth Woodville at Grafton.

Edward IV 4 · 📍 [[Grafton]] · in a morning

Edward IV Elizabeth Woodville

priuilie in a morning he married the said ladie Elizabeth Graie at Grafton beforesaid

1465

Elizabeth Woodville was solemnly crowned queen at Westminster.

Edward IV 4 · 📍 [[Westminster]] · In the next yere after

Elizabeth Woodville

And in the next yere after she was with great solemnitie crowned quéene at Westminster.

1465

Elizabeth Woodville's father was created Earl Rivers and made high constable of England.

Edward IV 4

Richard Woodville, Earl Rivers Edward IV

Hir father also was created earle Riuers, and made high constable of England

1465

Thomas Grey was created Marquess Dorset and married Cecily Bonville.

Edward IV 4

Thomas Grey, Marquess of Dorset Cecily Bonville

sir Thomas Graie sonne to sir Iohn Graie the quéenes first husband, was created marques Dorset, and married to Cicelie heire to the lord Bonuille.

c. 1465

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick conceived hatred against Edward IV after Edward's marriage.

Edward IV 5

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Edward IV

All men for the most part agrée, that this marriage was the onlie cause, why the earle of Warwike conceiued an hatred against king Edward, whome he so much before fauoured.

1466 (2 events)

1466

Elizabeth of York was born.

Edward IV 5 · In this yeare also

Elizabeth of York

In this yeare also, the kings daughter, the ladie Elizabeth, after wife to king Henrie the seauenth, was borne;

1466

Edward IV concluded an amity and league with Henry IV of Castile and John II of Aragon.

Edward IV 5 · In this yeare also

Edward IV Henry IV of Castile John II of Aragon

king Edward concluded an amitie and league with Henrie king of Castile, and Iohn king of Aragon;

1467 (3 events)

1467

Anthony, Bastard of Burgundy contracted Margaret of York for Charles, Duke of Burgundy.

Edward IV 5 · 📍 [[the kings great chamber]]

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy Margaret of York Anthony, Bastard of Burgundy

the said bastard openlie in the kings great chamber contracted the said ladie Margaret, for, and in the name of his brother the said earle of Charolois.

c. 1467

Philip, Duke of Burgundy died.

Edward IV 5 · Shortlie after

Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy

Shortlie after came sorowfull tidings to the bastard, that his father duke Philip was dead,

c. 1467

Edward IV promoted George Neville to the archbishopric of York.

Edward IV 5 · In this same yeare

Edward IV George Neville, Archbishop of York

In this same yeare, king Edward, more for the loue of the marques Montacute, than for anie fauour he bare to the earle of Warwike, promoted George Neuill their brother to the archbishoprike of Yorke.

1468 (10 events)

c. 1468

Charles, Duke of Burgundy married Margaret of York with great triumphs and princely feasting.

Edward IV 6 · 📍 [[Bruges]]

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy Margaret of York

and so after that ships, and all other necessarie prouisions were readie, they being accompanied with a great sort of lords and ladies, and others, to the number of fiue hundred horsse, in the beginning of Iune departed out of London to Douer, and so sailed to Sluis, and from thense was conueied to Bruges, where the marriage was solemnized betwixt the duke and hir, with great triumphs, and princelie feastings.

1468

Margaret of York was presented with Sluis as its sovereign lady.

Edward IV 6 · 📍 [[Sluis]]

Margaret of York

and so procéeding in at the gate of the towne, the same towne was presented to hir, she to be souereigne ladie thereof: also they gaue to hir twelue marks of gold Troie weight, the which was two hundred pounds of English monie:

c. 1468

Hawkins accused Thomas Cooke of treason, leading to Cooke's imprisonment and seizure of his London property.

Edward IV 6 · 📍 [[the Tower]]

Hawkins Thomas Cooke

Sir Thomas Cooke late maior of London, was by one named Hawkins appeached of treason, for the which he was sent to the Tower, and his place within London seized by the lord Riuers, and his wife and seruants cleerelie put out therof.

c. 1468

Hawkins confessed his accusation against Thomas Cooke and was put to death.

Edward IV 6 · at length

Hawkins

till the said Hawkins was cast in the Tower, and at length brought to the brake, called the duke of Excesters daughter, by meanes of which paine he shewed manie things, amongst the which the motion was one that he had made to sir Thomas Cooke, and accused himselfe so farre, that he was put to death.

c. 1468

John Fog caused a jury to indict Thomas Cooke of treason.

Edward IV 6

John Fog Thomas Cooke

till one iurie (by meanes of sir Iohn Fog) indicted him of treason

c. 1468

Thomas Cooke was acquitted of the treason indictment after being arraigned on life and death.

Edward IV 6 · 📍 [[Guildhall]]

Thomas Cooke

after which an oier and terminer was kept at the Guildhall, in which sat with the maior the duke of Clarence, the earle of Warwike, the lord Riuers, sir Iohn Fog, with other of the kings councell. To the which place the said Thomas was brought, and there arreigned vpon life and death, where he was acquited of the said indictement,

c. 1468

Thomas Cooke secured delivery from imprisonment after paying eight thousand pounds to the king and eight hundred to the queen.

Edward IV 6

Thomas Cooke Edward IV Margaret of Anjou

yet could not sir Thomas Cooke be deliuered, till he had paied eight thousand pounds to the king, and eight hundred pounds to the quéene.

c. 1468

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick formed a conspiracy and sought allies for an attempt against Edward IV.

Edward IV 6 · In this meane time

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Edward IV

In this meane time, the earle of Warwike bearing a continuall grudge in his hart toward king Edward, since his last returne out of France, persuaded so with his two brethren, the archbishop, and the marques, that they agreed to ioine with him in anie attempt which he should take in hand against the said king.

c. 1468

Edward of Westminster is described as born to Henry VI.

Edward IV 7

to whome God hath sent a sonne, called prince Edward, borne to be of great worthinesse and praise

c. 1468

Edward IV secretly married after Warwick negotiated a French marriage for him.

Edward IV 7

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Isabel Neville

how lightlie his mind changed, how priuilie he vowed, and how secretlie he maried

1469 (14 events)

1469

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence married Isabel Neville in Our Lady's church.

Edward IV 7 · 📍 [[Calis]]

he married the ladie Isabell, eldest daughter to the earle, in our ladies church there.

1469

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick's planned rebellion began in Yorkshire.

Edward IV 7 · 📍 [[Yorkeshire]] · Shortlie after

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

Shortlie after, according as he had béene aforehand deuised, a commotion was begun in Yorkeshire, to the great disquieting of that countrie.

1469

William Neville captured Robert Huldorne and commanded his execution after defeating the rebels.

Edward IV 7 · 📍 [[Yorke]]

William Neville, Marquess Montagu Robert Huldorne

where (after a long conflict) he tooke Robert Huldorne their capteine, and before them commanded his head to be striken off

c. 1469

The rebels recruited Henry FitzHugh and Henry Neville as captains.

Edward IV 8

Henry FitzHugh Henry Neville

The rebels being nothing dismaied with the death of their capteine, but rather the more bent on misch éefe, by faire meanes and craftie persuasions got to them Henrie, sonne to the lord Fitz Hugh, and sir Henrie Neuill sonne and heire to the lord Latimer

c. 1469

Edward IV ordered William Herbert to raise forces and fight the northern rebels.

Edward IV 8

Edward IV William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke

King Edward hauing perfect knowledge of all the dooings of the earle of Warwike, and of his brother the duke of Clarence, was by diuerse letters certified of the great armie of the northerne men, with all spéed comming toward London; and therefore in great hast he sent to William lord Herbert, whom (as yée haue heard) he had created earle of Penbroke; requiring him without delaie to raise his power, and incounter with the northerne men.

c. 1469

Henry Neville was captured and cruelly killed during a skirmish with the Welshmen.

Edward IV 8 · in the euening

Henry Neville

Sir Henrie Neuill, sonne to the lord Latimer, tooke with him certeine light horssemen, and skirmished with the Welshmen in the euening, iust before their campe, where dooing right valiantlie, but a little too hardilie aduenturing himselfe, was taken and yeelded, and yet cruellie slaine.

c. 1469

John Clapham’s force routed the Welsh army, killing more than five thousand.

Edward IV 8 · 📍 [[Hedgecote]] · that daie

John Clapham William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke Richard Herbert

The Welshmen, thinking that the earle of Warwike had come on them with all his puissance, suddenlie as men amazed, fled: the northerne men them pursued, and slue without mercie, so that there died of the Welshmen that daie, aboue fiue thousand, besides them that fled and were taken.

c. 1469

William Herbert and Richard Herbert were captured and beheaded with other gentlemen.

Edward IV 8 · 📍 [[Banberie]]

William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke Richard Herbert

The earle of Penbroke, and his brother sir Richard Herbert, with diuerse gentlemen, were taken and brought to Banberie, where the earle with his brother, and other gentlemen, to the number of ten, that were likewise taken, lost their heads.

c. 1469

Richard Woodville and John Woodville were captured and beheaded without judgment.

Edward IV 8 · 📍 [[Northampton]]

Richard Woodville, Earl Rivers John Woodville

where they tooke the earle Riuers, father to the quéene, and his son sir Iohn Wooduile, whome they brought to Northampton, and there beheaded them both without iudgement.

c. 1469

Humphrey Stafford was found, brought to Bridgewater, and beheaded.

Edward IV 8 · 📍 [[Bridgewater]] · at length

Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devonshire

Herevpon search was made for him, till at length he was found in a village within Brentmarch, and after brought to Bridgewater where he was beheaded.

c. 1469

George Plantagenet joined forces with Richard Neville against Edward IV.

Edward IV 8 · with all speed

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence

The duke being not farre off, with all speed repaired to the earle, and so they ioined their powers togither

c. 1469

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick captured Edward IV and imprisoned him at Warwick Castle.

Edward IV 9 · 📍 [[Wolnie]] · in the dead of the night

Edward IV William Stanley Thomas Borough

The earle of Warwike, intending not to léese such opportunitie of aduantage, in the dead of the night, with an elect companie of men of warre (as secretlie as was possible) set on the kings field, killing them that kept the watch, and yer the king was ware (for he thought of nothing lesse than of that which then hapned) at a place called Wolnie, foure miles from Warwike, he was taken prisoner and brought to the castell of Warwike.

c. 1469

Edward IV escaped captivity when supporters met him and his keepers refused to return him to prison.

Edward IV 9 · 📍 [[Middleham castell]] · on a daie

Now on a daie vpon a plaine when he was thus abrode, there met with him sir William Stanleie, sir Thomas a Borough, and diuerse other of his friends, with such a great band of men, that neither his kéepers would, nor once durst moue him to returne vnto prison againe.

c. 1469

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick raised an army and appointed Robert Welles its captain.

Edward IV 9 · 📍 [[Lincolneshire]]

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Robert Welles

where the earle procured a new armie to be raised in Lincolneshire, and made capteine thereof sir Robert Welles, sonne to Richard lord Welles, a man of great experience in warre.

1470 (33 events)

1470

Edward IV beheaded Richard Welles, Lord Welles and Thomas Dimmocke despite promising them pardons.

Edward IV 9

Edward IV Richard Welles, Lord Welles Thomas Dimmocke

he caused the lord Welles, father to the said sir Robert, and sir Thomas Dimmocke to be beheaded, contrarie to his promise.

1470

Robert Welles was captured after leading his defeated army against Edward IV.

Edward IV 9 · 📍 [[Losecote field]]

Edward IV Robert Welles Thomas de Land

The battell was sore fought on both sides, and manie a man slaine; till sir Robert, perceiuing his people at point to flie, was busilie in hand to exhort them to tarie, and in the meane time compassed about with enimies was there taken, & with him sir Thomas de Land knight, and manie more.

1470

Edward IV ordered Robert Welles and others executed after the victory.

Edward IV 9 · 📍 [[Losecote field]]

Edward IV Robert Welles

The king reioising at this victorie, caused sir Robert Welles, and diu erse other to be put to execution in the same place.

c. 1470

The duchess of Clarence gave birth to a son while the fleet lay before Calais.

Edward IV 9 · 📍 [[Calis]]

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence

This nauie lieng thus before Calis at anchor, the duchesse of Clarence was there deliuered of a faire sonne, which child the earles deputie would scarse suffer to be christened within the towne;

c. 1470

Edward IV appointed Vauclere captain of Calais and discharged Warwick as a traitor and rebel.

Edward IV 9 · 📍 [[Calis]]

Edward IV Monsieur de Vauclere Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

The king of England aduertised of the refusall made by monsieur de Vauclere to the earle of Warwike, was so much pleased therewith, that incontinentlie he made him chiefe capteine of the towne of Calis by his letters patents, which he sent to him out of hand, and thereof discharged the earle as a traitor and rebell.

c. 1470

Monsieur de Vauclere betrayed Edward IV by secretly warning Richard Neville against landing.

Edward IV 10

Monsieur de Vauclere Edward IV Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

But although monsieur de Vauclere sware in the said Philips presence, trulie to take king Edwards part; yet he sent priuilie to the earle of Warwike lieng at Whitsanbaie, that if he landed, hee should be taken and lost

c. 1470

Edward, Prince of Wales, married Anne Neville, securing the alliance between their factions.

Edward IV 10 · 📍 [[France]]

Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales Anne Neville

Edward prince of Wales wedded Anne second daughter to the earle of Warwike, which ladie came with hir mother into France.

c. 1470

The allied nobles swore to continue fighting until Henry VI or Edward, Prince of Wales, regained the crown.

Edward IV 10 · 📍 [[France]] · After which mariage

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke John de Vere, Earl of Oxford Henry VI Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales

After which mariage, the duke and the earles tooke a solemne oth, that they should neuer leaue the warre, till either king Henrie the sixt, or his sonne prince Edward, were restored to the crowne

c. 1470

Louis XI supplied Margaret of Anjou and her allies with ships, soldiers, and money.

Edward IV 10

Louis XI Margaret of Anjou

The French king lent both ships, men, and monie vnto quéene Margaret, and to hir partakers, and appointed the bastard of Burbon, admerall of France, with a great nauie to defend them against the nauie of the duke of Burgognie

c. 1470

George Plantagenet promised to moderate his hostility toward Edward IV and later kept that promise.

Edward IV 10 · 📍 [[England]]

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Edward IV

But this damsell comming to the duke, persuaded him so much to leaue off the pursute of his conceiued displeasure towards his brother king Edward, that he promised at his returne into England, not to be so extreme enimie against his brother as he was taken to be: and this promise afterward he did kéepe.

c. 1470

Richard Neville landed and proclaimed Henry VI's authority, attracting thousands to fight Edward IV.

Edward IV 10 · 📍 [[Darmouth in Deuonshire]]

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Henry VI Edward IV

When the earle had taken land, he made proclamation in the name of king Henrie the sixt, vpon high paines commanding and charging all men able to beare armor, to prepare themselues to fight against Edward duke of Yorke, which contrarie to right had vsurped the crowne. It is almost not to be beléeued, how manie thousands men of warre at the first tidings of the earles landing resorted vnto him.

c. 1470

Edward IV and loyal supporters boarded ships and departed England amid the rebellion against him.

Edward IV 10 · 📍 [[Lin]]

Edward IV Richard III Anthony Woodville, Earl Rivers William Hastings, Baron Hastings

Wherevpon he with his brother the duke of Glocester, the lord Scales, and diuerse other his trustie friends, entered into the ship. The lord Hastings taried a while after, exhorting all his acquaintance, that of necessitie should tarie behind, to shew themselues openlie as friends to king Henrie for their owne safegard, but hartilie required them in secret to continue faithfull to king Edward. This persuasion declared, he entered the ship with the other, and so they departed

1470

Gronture prevented the Easterlings from attacking Edward IV and his English company.

Edward IV 11 · 📍 [[Alquemare]]

Gronture Edward IV

commanded them not to be so hardie as once to meddle with anie Englishmen, being both the dukes fréends and alies.

1470

Margaret of York’s marriage to Charles, Duke of Burgundy, provided Edward IV refuge and relief.

Edward IV 11

Margaret of York Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy

the mariage of the ladie Margaret, king Edwards sister to the duke Charles, did to him in his extreame necessitie

1470

Hugh Courtenay besieged Excester on Edward IV’s behalf.

Edward IV 11 · 📍 [[Excester]]

Hugh Courtenay

Sir Hugh, or (as some saie) sir William Courtneie, who then fauoured the partie of king Edward the fourth, assembled a great troope and armie of all the fréends he could make, and inuironing the citie, besieged the same;

1470

According to another account, William Courtenay besieged Excester on Edward IV’s behalf.

Edward IV 11 · 📍 [[Excester]]

William Courtenay

Sir Hugh, or (as some saie) sir William Courtneie, who then fauoured the partie of king Edward the fourth, assembled a great troope and armie of all the fréends he could make, and inuironing the citie, besieged the same;

1470

Warwick and Clarence departed Excester and crossed the seas to Calis.

Edward IV 11 · 📍 [[Calis]] · the third of Aprill 1470

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence

the earle of Warwike and the duke of Clarence came to this citie, and here rested, and soiorned themselues vntill sufficient shipping was prouided for their passage ouer the seas, and then they all imbarked themselues, and passed ouer to Calis.

1470

Edward IV entered Excester with an army after Warwick and Clarence had fled.

Edward IV 11 · 📍 [[Excester]] · the fourtéenth of Aprill being saturdaie 1470

the king came and entred into the citie, being accompanied with sundrie noble men

1470

Excester’s mayor presented Edward IV with the city’s keys, maces, and a purse of gold.

Edward IV 11 · 📍 [[Excester]] · the fourtéenth of Aprill being saturdaie 1470

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Henry VI Edward IV

the maior deliuered vnto the king the keies of the gates and the maces of his office, and therewith a pursse of one hundred nobles in gold

c. 1470

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick proclaimed Henry VI, challenging Edward IV.

Edward IV 12 · About foure moneths after this, in August

About foure moneths after this, in August, the duke of Clarence and the erle of Warwike returned againe from Calis, with all their retinue, & landed some at Plimmouth, some at Dartmouth, and some at Exmouth: but all met in this citie, and from hence they all passed towards London, and at euerie place they proclamed king Henrie the sixt, which when king Edward heard, he was very much troubled therewith

c. 1470

Edward IV, unable to resist the advancing force, fled across the seas to his brother-in-law.

Edward IV 12 · in August

Elizabeth Woodville Edward V

and not able then to withstand their force, he passed the seas to his brother in law the duke of Burgognie.

c. 1470

William Haukesford was accidentally killed by his own park keeper and thereby ended his life.

Edward IV 12 · in a certeine darke night

William Haukesford

Then the keeper willed him to stand, which when he would not doo, the kéeper nocked his arrow and shot vnto him, and killed him; who when he perceiued that it was his maister, then he called to remembrance his maisters former commandement. And so this knight, otherwise learned and wise, being affraid to displease man, did displease God, and verie disorderlie ended his life.

c. 1470

Elizabeth Woodville took sanctuary at Westminster after Edward IV fled.

Edward IV 12 · 📍 [[Westminster]]

Elizabeth Woodville

his wife quéene Elizabeth tooke sanctuarie at Westminster

c. 1470

Elizabeth Woodville gave birth to Edward V, who was christened with little ceremony.

Edward IV 12 · 📍 [[Westminster]]

and there in great penurie forsaken of all hir friends, was deliuered of a faire son called Edward, which was with small pompe like a poore mans child christened

c. 1470

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick suppressed the Kentish uprising and punished its offenders.

Edward IV 12 · 📍 [[London]] · in this seson

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

Which small sparkle had growne to a greater flame, if the earle of Warwike with a great power had not suddenlie quenched it, and punished the offendors

c. 1470

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick released Henry VI from confinement and restored his royal treatment.

Edward IV 12 · 📍 [[the Tower of London]] · vpon the twelfe daie of October

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Henry VI

vpon the twelfe daie of October he rode to the Tower of London, and there deliuered king Henrie out of the ward, where he before was kept, and brought him to the kings lodging, where he was serued according to his degrée.

c. 1470

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick brought Henry VI publicly through London as king.

Edward IV 12 · 📍 [[London]] · On the fiue and twentith day of the said moneth

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Henry VI

On the fiue and twentith day of the said moneth, the duke of Clarence accompanied with the earles of Warwike and Shrewesburie, the lord Strange, and other lords and gentlemen, some for feare, and some for loue, and some onelie to gaze at the wauering world, went to the Tower, and from thense brought king Henrie apparelled in a long gowne of blew veluet, through London to the church of saint Paule, the people on euerie side the stréets reioising and crieng; God saue the king

c. 1470

Parliament condemned Edward IV as a traitor and usurper, confiscating his goods.

Edward IV 13 · 📍 [[Westminster]] · the six and twentith day of Nouember

Henry VI Edward IV

in the which king Edward was adiudged a traitor to the countrie, and an vsurper of the realme. His goods were confiscat and forfeited.

c. 1470

John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, was attainted and beheaded.

Edward IV 13 · 📍 [[Tower hill]]

John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester

was atteinted, and beheaded at the Tower hill, and after buried at the Blacke friers.

c. 1470

Parliament entailed the crowns of England and France to Henry VI and his male heirs, then Clarence.

Edward IV 13 · 📍 [[Westminster]] · the six and twentith day of Nouember

Henry VI George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence

the crownes of the realmes of England and France were by authoritie of the same parlement intailed to king Henrie the sixt, and to his heires male; and for default of such heires, to remaine to George duke of Clarence, & to his heires male

c. 1470

Jasper Tudor and John de Vere were restored to their names, possessions, and dignities.

Edward IV 13 · 📍 [[Westminster]] · the six and twentith day of Nouember

Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke John de Vere, Earl of Oxford

Iasper earle of Penbroke, and Iohn earle of Oxford, with diuerse other by king Edward atteinted, were restored to their old names, possessions, and ancient dignities.

c. 1470

Jasper Tudor removed Henry VII from custody and brought him before Henry VI in London.

Edward IV 13 · 📍 [[London]] · About the same season

Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke Henry VII Henry VI

The earle of Penbroke tooke this child, being his nephue, out of the custodie of the ladie Herbert, and at his returne brought the child with him to London to king Henrie the sixt

c. 1470

Henry VI foretold that Henry VII would inherit England's kingdom.

Edward IV 13 · 📍 [[London]]

Henry VI Henry VII

Lo, suerlie this is he, to whom both we and our aduersaries leauing the possession of all things shall hereafter giue roome and place.

1471 (78 events)

Chapters 263–269

1471

Charles the Bold secretly financed Edward IV and arranged ships for his return to England.

Edward IV 13 · at the same time

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy Edward IV

But duke Charles would not consent openlie to aid king Edward; but yet secretlie vnder hand by others he lent vnto him fiftie thousand florens of the crosse of S. Andrew, and further caused foure great ships to be appointed for him

1471

Edward IV landed at Rauenspurgh with five hundred men.

Edward IV 14 · 📍 [[Rauenspurgh]] · the fourtéenth day of that moneth being thursday

The king with the lord Hastings his chamberleine, and other to the number of fiue hundred men being in one ship, landed within Humber on Holdernesse side, at a place called Rauenspurgh

1471

Richard III landed separately with three hundred men.

Edward IV 14 · The same night folowing

Richard III

Richard duke of Glocester, and three hundred men in his companie, tooke land in another place foure miles distant from thence, where his brother king Edward did land.

c. 1471

Edward IV's claim to York's inheritance won popular support.

Edward IV 14

Edward IV Martine de la Mare

yet now that he did (as they thought) claime nothing but that which was his right, they began streight to haue a liking of his cause.

c. 1471

Martine de la Mare's gathered supporters switched from blocking Edward IV to assisting him.

Edward IV 14

And where there were gathered to the number of six or seuen thousand men in diuerse places, vnder the leading chieflie of a priest and of a gentleman called Martine de la Mare, in purpose to haue stopped his passage: now the same persons tooke occasion to assist him.

c. 1471

Robert Clifford and Richard Burgh assured Edward IV York would receive him.

Edward IV 14 · 📍 [[Yorke]] · shortlie after

Edward IV Robert Clifford Richard Burgh

And shortlie after there came to him out of the citie, Robert Clifford, and Richard Burgh, who assured him that in the quarell which he pretended to pursue, to wit, for the obteining of his right to the duchie of Yorke, he should not faile but be receiued into the citie.

c. 1471

Edward IV swore to treat Yorke's citizens courteously and obey Henry VI.

Edward IV 15 · 📍 [[Yorke]]

the king receiued the sacrament of the communion, & there solemnlie sware to kéepe and obserue two speciall articles: although it was farre vnlike that he minded to obserue either of them: the one was that he should vse the citizens after a gentle and courteous maner: and the other, that he should be faithfull and obedient vnto king Henries commandements.

c. 1471

Edward IV left a garrison in Yorke, violating his sworn promise.

Edward IV 15 · 📍 [[Yorke]]

Edward IV William Parr James Harrington Thomas Burgh Thomas Montgomery

and leauing a garison within the citie contrarie to his oth, for fear least the citizens after his departure, might happilie mooue some rebellion against him

c. 1471

William Parr, James Harrington, Thomas Burgh, and Thomas Montgomery reinforced Edward IV with armed men.

Edward IV 15 · 📍 [[Notingham]]

Here came to him sir William Parre, and sir Iames Harrington, with six hundred men well armed and appointed also there came to him sir Thomas Burgh, & sir Thomas Montgomerie with their aids

c. 1471

The opposing commanders abandoned Newarke after learning Edward IV's forces were approaching.

Edward IV 15 · 📍 [[Newarke]] · about two of the clocke after midnight

Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter John de Vere, Earl of Oxford William Bardolf, Baron Bardolf

they not thinking it good to abide longer there, determined with all spéed to dislodge, and so about two of the clocke after midnight they departed from Newarke

c. 1471

Richard Neville refused Edward IV's demand to settle their quarrel in open battle.

Edward IV 15 · 📍 [[Couentrie]]

The king sent to him, and willed him to come foorth into the field, and there to make an end of the quarell in plaine battell: but the earle at that present refused so to doo.

c. 1471

Edward IV was received as king at Warwike and resumed royal proclamations.

Edward IV 15 · 📍 [[Warwike]]

where he was receiued as king, and so made his proclamations from that time foorth in all places where he came vnder his accustomed name and title of king.

c. 1471

Richard Neville refused Edward IV's offered pardon and peace conditions.

Edward IV 15 · 📍 [[Warwike]]

Edward IV Richard III George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence

the king for the aduancement of peace and tranquillitie within the realme, offered large conditions; as a frée pardon of life to the earle, and all his people, with manie other beneficiall articles on their behalfes, which to manie seemed verie reasonable, considering their heinous offenses. But the earle would not accept anie offers

c. 1471

Edward IV, Richard III, and George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence were reconciled through mediation.

Edward IV 16

at length they were made fréends, and a perfect agréement concluded and ratified, with assurance betwixt them so stronglie as might be.

c. 1471

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence secretly abandoned Warwick's cause and approached Edward IV.

Edward IV 16 · 📍 [[Warwike]]

George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Edward IV

although inwardlie he meant the contrarie, and so accompanied with aboue foure thousand men, he marched foorth towards the place where he thought to find his brother.

c. 1471

Edward IV and George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence publicly renewed their friendship and united their forces.

Edward IV 16 · 📍 [[Warwike]]

Edward IV George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence

and so after this, they all came togither ioining in one.

c. 1471

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick refused Edward IV's offered peace conditions.

Edward IV 16 · 📍 [[Couentrie]]

Edward IV George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

he refused all maner of such conditions as were offered.

c. 1471

John de Vere, Henry Holland, and John Neville joined Warwick, greatly strengthening his faction.

Edward IV 16 · 📍 [[Couentrie]]

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick John de Vere, Earl of Oxford Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter John Neville, Marquess of Montagu

There came to the earle of Warwike, whilest he laie thus at Couentrie (besides the earle of Oxenford) the duke of Excester, and the lord marquesse Montacute, by whose comming that side was greatlie strengthened, and the number much increased.

c. 1471

Edward IV was denied many supporters because Henry VI's royal authority continued operating against him.

Edward IV 16 · 📍 [[London]] · This was the fift of Aprill being fridaie

Margaret of Anjou Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick John Wenlock, Baron Wenlock

whereby king Edward was barred and disappointed of manie aids and assistants, which he was sure to haue, if he could once breake that force of the roiall authoritie, that was still thus exercised against him in king Henries name.

c. 1471

Margaret of Anjou and her allies landed at Weimouth with Edward of Westminster.

Edward IV 17 · 📍 [[Weimouth]] · on the fourtéenth

they landed at Weimouth, as after shall appeare.

c. 1471

Elizabeth Woodville gave birth to Edward V.

Edward IV 17 · 📍 [[Westminster]] · in the meane season

Elizabeth Woodville Edward V

and in the meane season was deliuered of a yoong prince, whom she now presented vnto him, to his great hearts reioising & comfort.

c. 1471

London officials agreed to keep the city for Edward IV and grant him free entry.

Edward IV 17 · 📍 [[London]]

the maior, aldermen, and others the worshipfull of the citie fell at a point among themselues, to kéepe the citie to K. Edwards vse, so as he might haue free passage and entrie into the same at his pleasure.

c. 1471

The Tower of London was recovered for Edward IV.

Edward IV 17 · 📍 [[Tower of London]] · The same night following

The same night following was the Tower of London recouered to king Edwards vse.

c. 1471

Edward IV entered London with his army.

Edward IV 17 · 📍 [[London]] · on the morow being thursdaie, and the eleuenth of Aprill

king Edward quietlie made his entrie into the citie with his power

c. 1471

Edward IV seized Henry VI after the archbishop delivered him into Edward's hands.

Edward IV 17 · 📍 [[Paules]] · on the morow being thursdaie, and the eleuenth of Aprill

hauing king Henrie by the hand, deliuered him vnto king Edward, who being seized of his person, and diuerse other his aduersaries

c. 1471

Edward IV was received into London and captured Henry VI.

Edward IV 18 · 📍 [[London]]

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (the younger) John de Vere, Earl of Oxford John Neville, Marquess of Montagu

king Edward was not onelie receiued into London, but also had got king Henrie into his hands

c. 1471

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick resolved to fight Edward IV at Barnet.

Edward IV 18 · 📍 [[Barnet]]

and so he vtterlie resolued to giue battell

c. 1471

Edward IV marched to Barnet with Henry VI and confronted Warwick's forces.

Edward IV 18 · 📍 [[Barnet]] · that euening

Edward IV Henry VI Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

He tooke with him king Henrie, and came that euening vnto Barnet

c. 1471

Edward IV and Warwick arranged their armies and began the Battle of Barnet.

Edward IV 18 · 📍 [[Barnet]] · on the next morning betwixt foure and fiue of the clocke

Edward IV Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (the younger) John de Vere, Earl of Oxford John Neville, Marquess of Montagu

the king aduanced his banners, and caused his trumpets to sound to the battell

c. 1471

Warwick's forces mistakenly attacked Oxford's men, who cried treason and fled.

Edward IV 18 · 📍 [[Barnet]]

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick John de Vere, Earl of Oxford

the earle of Warwiks men, by reason of the mist not well discerning the badges so like, shot at the earle of Oxfords men that were on their owne part, and then the earle of Oxford and his men cried treason, and fled with eight hundred men.

c. 1471

The battle caused heavy slaughter on both sides while victory remained uncertain.

Edward IV 18 · 📍 [[Barnet]] · from morning till it was now far in the daie

At length after sore fight, and greater slaughter made on both sides

c. 1471

Edward IV committed his reserve of fresh troops to attack Warwick's forces.

Edward IV 18 · 📍 [[Barnet]]

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

caused new power of fresh men (which he had for this purpose kept in store) to set on his enimies.

c. 1471

Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick was struck down and slain in battle.

Edward IV 19

The earle of Warwike ... was amongst the preasse of his enimies striken downe and slaine.

c. 1471

John Neville, Marquess of Montagu was overthrown and slain while attempting to succour his brother.

Edward IV 19

John Neville, Marquess of Montagu

The marquesse Montacute, thinking to succour his brother, was likewise ouerthrowne and slaine, with manie other of good calling, as knights and esquiers, beside other gentlemen.

c. 1471

William Tyrrell was killed while fighting on Richard Neville's side.

Edward IV 19

William Tyrrell Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick

Sir William Tirrell knight was killed on the earle of Warwikes part.

c. 1471

Humphrey Bourchier was slain among Edward's forces.

Edward IV 19

Humphrey Bourchier

Vpon the kings part were slaine, the lord Crumwell, the lord Saie, the lord Montiois sonne and heire, sir Humfrie Bourchier sonne to the lord Berners, and diuerse other knights, esquiers, and gentlemen.

c. 1471

Edward IV won the battle and led Henry VI captive to London.

Edward IV 19 · 📍 [[London]] · the same daie

Margaret of Anjou Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales

King Edward hauing got this victorie, refreshing himselfe and his people a while at Barnet, returned the same daie vnto London, like a triumphant conqueror, leading with him king Henrie as a captiue prisoner

c. 1471

Margaret of Anjou and Edward of Westminster landed at Weimouth.

Edward IV 19 · 📍 [[Weimouth]] · Easter day

quéene Margaret the wife of king Henrie, with hir sonne prince Edward was landed vpon Easter day at Weimouth in Dorsetshire

c. 1471

Anne Beauchamp learned of her husband's death and took sanctuary at Beaulieu Abbey.

Edward IV 19 · 📍 [[Beaulieu]]

Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick

Wherevpon she went no further towards the quéene, but secretlie got hir ouer the water into the new forest, and tooke sanctuarie within the abbeie of Beaulieu.

c. 1471

Margaret of Anjou consented to the battle plan urged by her supporters.

Edward IV 19 · 📍 [[Ceerne]]

Margaret of Anjou Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (the younger) Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devon

but they being of a contrarie mind, and namelie the duke of Summerset, she at length consented vnto that which they were resolued vpon.

Chapters 270–291

c. 1471

Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke was sent to prepare Welsh forces to aid Henry VI's supporters.

Edward IV 20 · 📍 [[Wales]] · long afore

Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke Henry VI

they would then slip on the left hand, and draw towards Chesshire, and Lancashire, there to increase their forces, and peraduenture by the waie to ioine with a power of Welshmen, vnder the leading of Iasper earle of Penbroke, who had béene sent into Wales long afore, to frame and put in a readines the people there to asist king Henries friends at their comming thitherwards.

c. 1471

Henry VI's supporters were received, relieved, and reinforced at Bristow.

Edward IV 20 · 📍 [[Bristow]] · the morrow

Edward IV Richard Beauchamp

they hauing changed their purpose, meant not to giue him battell; and therefore were turned aside, and gone to Bristow, where they were receiued, reléeued and well refreshed by such as fauoured their cause, as well with vittels, men, and monie, as good store of artillerie.

c. 1471

Edward IV ordered Richard Beauchamp to defend Gloucester and its castle against the approaching enemy.

Edward IV 20 · 📍 [[Glocester]] · About thrée of the clocke after mid-night

The king sent therefore with all spéed vnto him, commanding him to doo his best to defend the towne and castell against his enimies, if they came to assaile the same, as it was supposed they intended

c. 1471

Richard Beauchamp secured Gloucester, preventing the enemy's attempted entry.

Edward IV 20 · 📍 [[Glocester]] · the fridaie about ten of the clocke

Richard Beauchamp

the towne and castell, by the vigilant regard of the said Richard Beauchampe, was put in safe keeping.

c. 1471

Edward IV had elevated John Wenlock to the rank of baron.

Edward IV 21 · 📍 [[Teukesburie]]

Edward IV John Wenlock, Baron Wenlock

The middle-ward was gouerned by the prince, vnder the conduct of the lord of saint Iohn, and the lord Wenlocke (whome king Edward had aduanced to the degrée of a baron.)

c. 1471

Edward IV marshalled his army, assigning Gloucester to the foreward and Dorset and Hastings to the rereward.

Edward IV 21 · 📍 [[Teukesburie]] · On the morrow being saturdaie, and fourth of Maie

Edward IV Richard III John (brother of the Duke of Somerset) William Hastings, Baron Hastings

On the morrow being saturdaie, and fourth of Maie, he drew towards his enimies, and marshalled his armie, diuided into thrée battels in this sort. He put his brother the duke of Glocester in the fore-ward, and himselfe in the midle-ward. The lord Marques, and the lord Hastings led the rere-ward.

c. 1471

Gloucester withdrew, prompting Somerset to leave his defensive position and advance into the open.

Edward IV 21 · 📍 [[Teukesburie]]

Richard III Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (the younger)

The duke of Glocester, vpon a politike purpose (as some haue written) reculed backe with all his companie, which when the duke of Summerset perceiued, either mooued therewith, or else bicause he was too sore annoied with the shot in that place where he and his fore-ward stood, like a knight more couragious than circumspect, came out of his strength with his whole battell

c. 1471

John Wenlock remained stationary instead of following Somerset, with his motive left uncertain.

Edward IV 21 · 📍 [[Teukesburie]]

John Wenlock, Baron Wenlock Edward IV Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (the younger)

But whether the lord Wenlocke dissembled the matter for king Edwards sake, or whether his hart serued him not, still he stood, and gaue the looking on.

c. 1471

Edward IV or Gloucester entered the open ground and drove Somerset's force uphill.

Edward IV 21 · 📍 [[Teukesburie]]

Edward IV Richard III Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (the younger)

The king, or (as other haue) the duke of Glocester, taking the aduantage that he aduentured for, turned againe face to face vnto the duke of Summerset his battell, and winning the hedge and ditch of him, entred the close, and with great violence put him and his people vp towards the hill from whence they were decended.

c. 1471

Somerset's vanguard was routed by a sudden flank attack, with many slain and captured.

Edward IV 21 · 📍 [[Teukesburie]]

Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (the younger)

For when those speares perfectlie vnderstood that there was no ambush within the wood, and withall saw conuenient time to imploie themselues, they came and brake with full randon vpon the duke of Summerset and his voward a flanke, in so violent wise vpon the sudden, that where they had before inough to doo with those with whom they were first matched, now with this new charge giuen on them by those two hundred speares, they were not a little dismaied; and to conclude, so discouraged, that streightwaie they tooke them to flight. Some fled into the parke, other into the meadow there at hand, some into the lanes, & some hid them in ditches, each one making what shift he could, by the which he hoped best to escape: but manie neuerthelesse were beaten downe, slaine, and taken prisoners.

1471

Edward IV's forces defeated Margaret of Anjou's faction at Teukesburie.

Edward IV 22 · 📍 [[Teukesburie]] · on the fourth of Maie, being saturdaie, in the eleauenth yeare of his reigne

Edward IV Margaret of Anjou

the quéenes part went to wracke, and was put to flight

1471

Richard Crofts captured Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, as he fled.

Edward IV 22 · 📍 [[Teukesburie]]

Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales Richard Crofts

Prince was taken as he fled towards the towne, by sir Richard Crofts, and kept close.

1471

Edmund Beaufort, John Lonstruther, Thomas Tresham, and Gervais Clifton were beheaded after condemnation.

Edward IV 22 · 📍 [[Teukesburie]] · vpon the tuesdaie, being the seuenth of Maie

Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (the younger) John Lonstruther, Prior of St John Thomas Tresham Gervais Clifton Richard III

the said duke and the lord prior, with the two forenamed knights, and twelue other knights, were on a scaffold, set vp in the middle of the towne for that purpose, beheaded

1471

Edward IV pardoned the enemies who had taken refuge in the abbey church.

Edward IV 22 · 📍 [[Teukesburie]] · After the victorie was thus atchiued

he gaue them all his free pardon

1471

Margaret of Anjou was captured and brought to London as a prisoner.

Edward IV 22 · 📍 [[London]] · on saturdaie in the morning, being the daie of the battell

Margaret of Anjou

She was after brought to London as prisoner, and so kept

1471

The northern rebellion collapsed, and Yorke and other places submitted to Edward IV.

Edward IV 22 · 📍 [[Yorke]]

there was no rebellion in all the north parts, but that as well the citie of Yorke, as all other places, were at the kings commandement, readie in all things to obei him as true and loiall subiects.

1471

Thomas Neville assembled thousands of men and ships to attack and plunder London.

Edward IV 22 · 📍 [[London]] · After the kings comming to Couentrie

Thomas Neville

this bastard was come before London, with manie thousands of men by land, and also in ships by water, purposing to rob and spoile the citie.

c. 1471

Edward IV sent fifteen hundred soldiers to help defend London against the attackers.

Edward IV 23 · 📍 [[London]] · the fouretéenth of Maie

Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg Edward IV

King Edward from time to time by posts was informed of all these dooings, & by aduise of his councell, the fouretéenth of Maie, sent to the succors of the maior and aldermen fiftéene hundred of the choisest souldiers he had about him

c. 1471

Robert Basset was appointed keeper of Algate during the city’s defense.

Edward IV 23 · 📍 [[Algate]]

Robert Basset

Robert Basset alderman (that was appointed to the kéeping of this gate)

c. 1471

Robert Basset and Ursewike led a sortie that drove the attackers back to Saint Botolph’s church.

Edward IV 23 · 📍 [[Algate]] · At the same instant

Robert Basset Ursewike

Robert Basset alderman (that was appointed to the kéeping of this gate), with the most part of the citizens, and the recorder, named Ursewike, either of them being well armed in strong iackes, commanded the portculice to be drawen vp, and maintenantlie rushed foorth vpon their enimies, putting them backe vnto saint Bothulpes church

c. 1471

Fauconbridge’s rebel force dispersed as Edward IV approached with a powerful army.

Edward IV 24 · 📍 [[Blackeheath]]

And now to conclude, hearing that king Edward was comming with a right puissant armie, the said bastard and his people durst no longer abide; but brake vp and dispersed themselues, some one waie, and some an other.

c. 1471

According to prevailing report, Richard III murdered Henry VI with a dagger.

Edward IV 24 · 📍 [[the Tower]] · a little before

Henry VI Richard III

poore king Henrie the sixt, a little before depriued (as ye haue heard) of his realme and imperiall crowne, was now in the Tower spoiled of his life, by Richard duke of Glocester (as the constant fame ran) who (to the intent that his brother king Edward might reigne in more suertie) murthered the said king Henrie with a dagger.

c. 1471

An alternative account says Henry VI died from grief after learning that Edward, Prince of Wales, and his supporters were dead.

Edward IV 24 · the three and twentith of Maie

that after he vnderstood what losses had chanced vnto his fréends, and how not onelie his sonne, but also all other his chéefe partakers were dead and dispatched, he tooke it so to hart, that of pure displeasure, indignation, and melancholie, he died the three and twentith of Maie.

c. 1471

Henry VI was buried at Chertsey after his body was carried there without religious ceremony.

Edward IV 24 · 📍 [[the monasterie of Chertseie]] · on the next daie after

and on the next daie after, it was conueied in a boat, without priest or clerke, torch or taper, singing or saieng, vnto the monasterie of Chertseie, distant from London fiftéene miles, and there was it first buried

c. 1471

Henry VI’s remains were later removed from Chertsey and reinterred at Windsor.

Edward IV 24 · 📍 [[Windesor]] · after

Henry VII Pope Julius II Henry VI

but after, it was remooued to Windesor, and there in a new vawt, newlie intoomed.

c. 1471

Henry VII petitioned Pope Julius II to canonize Henry VI as a saint.

Edward IV 24

By reason whereof, king Henrie the seauenth sued to Pope Iulio the second, to haue him canonized a saint.

c. 1471

Henry VII abandoned the canonization petition because the expense seemed excessive.

Edward IV 24

Henry VII Pope Julius II Henry VI

But for that the canonizing of a king séemed to be more costlie than for a bishop, the said king left off his sute in that behalfe

c. 1471

Edward IV resolved to found a royal college at Cambridge.

Edward IV 25 · 📍 [[Cambridge]] · about the six and twentith yeare of his reigne

determined about the six and twentith yeare of his reigne, for his primer notable worke (as by the words of his will I find expressed) to erect and found two famous colledges in the honor and worship of his holy name, and for the increase of vertue, the dilatation of cunning, and establishment of christian faith, whereof the one in Cambridge to be called his colledge roiall of our ladie and saint Nicholas

c. 1471

Edward IV resolved to found a college at Eaton beside Windsore.

Edward IV 25 · 📍 [[Eaton beside Windsore]] · about the six and twentith yeare of his reigne

and the other at Eaton beside Windsore, to be called his colledge of our blessed ladie.

c. 1471

Edward IV granted lands and possessions to feoffees for the colleges' construction.

Edward IV 25

he infeoffed certeine bishops, with other noble and worshipfull personages, by his letters patents, with lands and possessions, parcell of his inheritance of the duchie of Lancaster, to the cleare value of well néere foure & thirtie hundred pounds by yéere.

c. 1471

Edward IV confirmed the land grants through an act of parliament.

Edward IV 25

Edward IV Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg Richard III

Which letters patents he after confirmed by his act of parlement

c. 1471

Edward IV accepted the rebels’ submission, pardoned them, and received their ships through Richard III.

Edward IV 26 · 📍 [[Sandwich]]

But vpon the kings approching néere vnto those parties, they sent to him for pardon, promising that vpon a reasonable appointment, for the safegard of their liues, and other indemnities to be had for their benefit, they would become his faithfull subiects, and deliuer into his hands all the ships. Their offer the king vpon great considerations, and by good deliberate aduise of counsell, thought best to accept: and therevpon (being at that time in Canturburie) hée granted to their petitions, and sent immediatlie vnto Sandwich his brother Richard duke of Glocester, to receiue them to mercie, togither with all the ships, which according to their promise they deliuered into his hands.

c. 1471

Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg, was apprehended and beheaded.

Edward IV 26 · 📍 [[Southhampton]] · about the latter end of October

Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg

we find neuerthelesse, that the said bastard Fauconbridge, being afterwards at sea (a rouing belike, as he had vsed before) came at length into the open hauen at Southhampton, and there taking land, was apprehended, and shortlie after beheaded. This chanced (as should appeare by Fabian) about the latter end of October.

c. 1471

Roger Vaughan was captured and beheaded after attempting to surprise the earl of Pembroke.

Edward IV 26 · anon after Teukesburie field

Roger Vaughan

Moreouer, Roger Vaughan that had béene sent by king Edward into Wales, anon after Teukesburie field (being a man of great power in that countrie) to intrap and surprise by some secret sleight the earle of Penbroke, the said earle being thereof aduertised, tooke the same Roger, and without delay stroke off his head.

c. 1471

David Thomas raised Morgan Thomas’s siege of Pembroke.

Edward IV 26 · 📍 Penbroke · After this

Morgan Thomas David Thomas

After this, was the earle besieged in the towne of Penbroke by Morgan Thomas; but the siege was raised by Dauid Thomas, brother to the said Morgan, a faithfull friend to the earle;

c. 1471

Henry VII escaped to Britaine by ship and received protection from the duke.

Edward IV 26 · 📍 [[Britaine]]

Henry VII

and then the earle by his helpe was conueied to Tinbie, where he got ships, and with his nephue the lord Henrie earle of Richmond sailed into Britaine, where, of the duke they were courteouslie interteined; with assurance made, that no creature should doo them anie wrong or iniurie within his dominions.

c. 1471

Spising and Quintine were executed, and their heads displayed at city gates.

Edward IV 26

Spising [[Quintine]]

as Spising one of the capteins that assaulted Algate, whose head was set vp ouer the same gate: and so likewise was the head of one Quintine, a butcher, that was an other capteine amongest them, and chiefe of those that assaulted Bishops gate, as some write.

1471

John Tiptoft was beheaded during the civil war between York and Lancaster.

Edward IV 41 · in the yeare 1471

John Tiptoft

and finallie lost his head in the yeare 1471, in time of the ciuill warre betwixt the houses of Yorke and Lancaster;

1472 (1 events)

1472

John de Vere surrendered to Edward IV, received mercy, and was imprisoned at Hammes.

Edward IV 26 · 📍 [[castell of Hammes]] · by the space of twelue yeeres

John de Vere, Earl of Oxford Edward IV

Iohn earle of Oxford, which after Barnet field both manfullie and valiantlie kept saint Michaels mount in Cornewall, either for lacke of aid, or persuaded by his friends gaue vp the mount, and yeelded himselfe to king Edward (his life onelie saued) which to him was granted. But to be out of all doutfull imaginations, king Edward also sent him ouer the sea to the castell of Hammes, where, by the space of twelue yeeres hée was in strong prison shut vp and warilie looked to.

1473 (8 events)

1473

Edward IV’s parliament granted a broad pardon, releasing subjects from treason and other crimes.

Edward IV 26 · 📍 [[palace of Westminster]] · In the thirtéeenth yeare of his reigne

There was also a pardon granted almost for all offenses; and all men then being within the realme, were released and discharged of all high treasons and crimes, although they had taken part with his aduersaries against him.

c. 1473

Edward IV committed to invading France to recover his right from Louis XI.

Edward IV 27 · 📍 [[Calis]] · in the beginning of the next yeare

Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol Louis XI

king Edward in the beginning of the next yeare would land at Calis with a puissant armie, both to reuenge such injuries as he had receiued at the French kings hands, and also to recouer his right, which he wrongfullie deteined from him.

c. 1473

Louis of Luxembourg secretly conspired with Burgundy to bring Louis XI to serious harm.

Edward IV 27 · as then

Lewes of Lutzenburgh earle of saint Paule constable of France, was secretlie confederate with the duke of Burgognie, intending verelie to bring the French king to some great hinderance

c. 1473

Edward IV raised a benevolence from wealthy subjects to finance his campaign.

Edward IV 27

John de Vere, Earl of Oxford

he called this grant of monie, A beneuolence: notwithstanding that manie with grudge gaue great sums toward that new found aid

1473

John de Vere, Earl of Oxford landed with followers and captured Saint Michaels Mount.

Richard III 15 · 📍 [[saint Michaels mount]] · the last of September

did with his companie of 397 persons, and with his saile of ships land in the west countrie the last of September, where (partlie by force of his, and partlie through feare of the inhabitants, but mostlie by a subtill shift) he gat and entered the castell of saint Michaels mount

1473

Edward IV learned of Oxford’s occupation and resolved to resist the threat.

Richard III 15 · at length

Edward IV John de Vere, Earl of Oxford

But this matter vnpossible long to be kept in secret, was at length brougnt to the knowledge of king Edward; who being somewhat mooued, thought in the beginning to withstand such mischéefe

1473

Edward IV ordered Bodringham to besiege the Mount and take or kill Oxford.

Richard III 15 · 📍 [[saint Michaels mount]]

Edward IV Bodringham John de Vere, Earl of Oxford

Wherefore king Edward gaue in charge to Bodringham, ruler or shiriffe of Cornewall to assemble such power as he could; and besieging the mount, he should either take or kill the earle of Oxford.

1473

Bodringham besieged the Mount but allowed Oxford to resupply it.

Richard III 15 · 📍 [[saint Michaels mount]]

Bodringham John de Vere, Earl of Oxford

The which the shiriffe did accordinglie, but that so feintlie and fauourablie, as he permitted the earle of Oxford (now in distresse) to reuittell the mount, knowing that there was no waie to expell the earle from thence but by famine.

1474 (21 events)

1474

Edward IV crossed to Calis with his army for the French campaign.

Edward IV 27 · 📍 [[Calis]] · the fourth daie of Iulie

And so the fourth daie of Iulie he passed ouer, and landed at Calis with great triumph

c. 1474

Louis XI urged Edward IV to choose peace rather than trust dissembling allies.

Edward IV 27 · Before king Edward departed from Douer

Edward IV Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy

he were better haue a peace with an old enimie, than the promises and familiaritie of a new dissembling fréend, which peace most pleaseth God, and is the thing that I most doo desire.

c. 1474

Edward accepted Charles’s persuasion and advanced with his army.

Edward IV 28

The king agréed to the dukes persuasion, and so set forward.

c. 1474

Charles abruptly departed from Edward, promising to return with his army.

Edward IV 28 · 📍 [[Artois]] · the next daie

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy Edward IV

For duke Charles of Burgognie tooke his leaue suddenlie of king Edward, alledging that he must néeds see his armie in Artois, promising shortlie with all his puissance to returne againe to the great commoditie of them both.

c. 1474

Louis appointed Robert captain and sent him to defend the frontiers against Edward’s invasion.

Edward IV 28 · 📍 [[Artois]] · in this meane while

Louis XI Robert de Estouteville

The French king in this meane while had assembled a mightie power; ouer the which he had made monsieur Robert de Estoutuile capteine, whome he sent to Artois, to defend the frontiers there against the king of Englands entrie

c. 1474

Louis sent a disguised herald to Edward, who granted safe conduct for their negotiators.

Edward IV 28 · in this meane while

in the end he obteined a safe conduct for one hundred horsses, for such persons as his maister should appoint to meet, as manie to be assigned by king Edward in some indifferent place betwéene both armies

c. 1474

Louis XI refused Edward IV's demands for French territory.

Edward IV 29

The French king and his councell would not consent, that the Englishmen should haue one foot of land within France; but rather determined to put him selfe & the whole realme in hazard and aduenture.

c. 1474

Edward IV and Louis XI accepted articles establishing peace between their realms.

Edward IV 29 · At the next méeting

At the next méeting the commissioners agréed vpon certeine articles, which were of both the princes accepted and allowed.

c. 1474

Louis XI agreed to pay Edward IV seventy-five thousand crowns and annual payments.

Edward IV 29

Charles VIII Elizabeth of York

It was first accorded, that the French king should paie to the king of England without delaie seauentie & fiue thousand crownes of the sunne; and yearelie fiftie thousand crownes to be paid at London during king Edwards life.

c. 1474

Charles VIII and Elizabeth of York were promised in marriage.

Edward IV 29

And further it was agréed, that Charles the Dolphin should marrie the ladie Elizabeth, eldest daughter to king Edward,

c. 1474

Edward IV agreed to leave John Howard and John Cheyne as hostages until his army crossed the seas.

Edward IV 29 · after the whole summe aforesaid of seuentie and fiue thousand crownes were paid to king Edward

Edward IV John Howard, Duke of Norfolk John Cheyne

It was also couenanted, that after the whole summe aforesaid of seuentie and fiue thousand crownes were paid to king Edward, he should leaue in hostage the lord Howard, and sir Iohn Cheinie maister of his horsse, vntill he with all his armie was passed the seas.

c. 1474

Edward IV and Louis XI concluded a nine-year peace and amity.

Edward IV 29

King Edward declared how that for sundrie and diuerse great and vrgent causes, touching as well the vniuersall publike wealth of the whole christianitie, as their owne priuate commoditie and the quietnesse of their realmes, he and the French king had concluded a peace and amitie for terme of nine years

c. 1474

Edward IV accepted and concluded a truce with the French king.

Edward IV 30

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy

both honourable and honest ouertures of peace, which offers I was in maner inforced (by verie reason) to incline to and accept, and so haue concluded a truce

c. 1474

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy departed angrily for Lutzenburgh.

Edward IV 30 · 📍 [[Lutzenburgh]] · Heerwith

Heerwith (being in a great rage) he bad the king of England farewell, and suddenlie tooke his horsse, and rode againe to Lutzenburgh

c. 1474

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy agreed to a truce with the French king.

Edward IV 30 · immediatly after the departure of the English armie out of his countrie

Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy

but this promise was not performed, for of necessitie he tooke a wiser waie, and agréed with the French king vpon a truce immediatly after the departure of the English armie out of his countrie

c. 1474

Edward IV and Louis XI swore to observe a nine-year treaty and accomplish their children's marriage.

Edward IV 31 · 📍 [[Picquenie]]

The letters of both their agréements were opened and red, & then either prince laid his right hand on the missall, and his left hand on the holie crosse (as it was termed) and tooke there a solemne oth to obserue and kéepe the treatie for nine yeares concluded betwéene them, with all their confederates and alies, comprised, mentioned and specified in the same, and further to accomplish the marriage or their children.

c. 1474

Peace was concluded between Edward IV and Louis XI.

Edward IV 32 · 📍 [[Picquenie]]

This peace was said to be made onelie by the Holie-ghost, bicause that on the daie of méeting, a white dooue sat on the top of the king of Englands tent:

c. 1474

Louis XI granted Edward IV an annual tribute of fifty thousand crowns to purchase peace.

Edward IV 32 · 📍 [[London]]

Wherefore to buie peace, he granted king Edward for a yearelie tribute fiftie thousand crownes, to be paied at London;

c. 1474

Edward IV's support for Brittany was explained by Henry Richmond's presence there and potential claim to England.

Edward IV 32