by @greek-tragedy

Greek Tragedy — Chronicle

Ordered by chapter. No event in this book could be dated from the text, so it is not dated — no anchor, no chronology; a date is never inferred. Time expressions are copied from the text as written. Every event links back to one sentence of the original.

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1154 events · no event could be dated from the text

Undated

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1
Xerxes came to the throne of Persia.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Persia]]

Xerxes

When Xerxes came to the throne of Persia

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1
Xerxes gathered a mighty host and led it against Hellas.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Hellas]] · at first

Xerxes

he gathered together a mighty host of all nations under his dominion, and led them against Hellas

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1
Xerxes crossed the Hellespont with his army.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Hellespont]] · at first

Xerxes

crossed the Hellespont

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1
Xerxes defeated the Spartans at Thermopylæ.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thermopylæ]] · at first

Xerxes

and defeated the Spartans at Thermopylæ

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1
Xerxes captured Athens after most citizens had fled.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Athens]] · at first

Xerxes

and took the city of Athens, from which the greater part of its citizens had fled

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1
Xerxes and his army suffered utter defeat at Salamis.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Salamis]] · at last

Xerxes

But at last he and his armament met with utter overthrow at Salamis

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 2
Xerxes goes forth leading a mighty host to sack the land of the Ionians.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 2 · 📍 [[land of the Ionians]]

Xerxes

since my son went forth, Leading a mighty host, with aim to sack The land of the Ionians.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 2
Xerxes orders his admirals to blockade the straits and surround the isle of Aias.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 2 · 📍 [[isle of Aias]] · Soon as the sun should cease to burn the earth

Xerxes

And he forthwith, this hearing, knowing not The Hellene's guile, nor yet the Gods' great wrath, Gives this command to all his admirals, Soon as the sun should cease to burn the earth With his bright rays, and darkness thick invade The firmament of heaven, to set their ships In threefold lines, to hinder all escape, And guard the billowy straits, and others place In circuit round about the isle of Aias;

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 2
Xerxes’s Persian host is destroyed in the naval encounter.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 2

Xerxes

And Xerxes (well I know it) had a thousand Which he commanded—those that most excelled In speed were twice five score and seven in number; So stands the account. Deem'st thou our forces less In that encounter? Nay, some Power above Destroyed our host, and pressed the balance down With most unequal fortune

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 2
Xerxes survives the catastrophe and remains alive.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 2

Xerxes

Mess. Xerxes still lives and sees the light of day.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 2
Xerxes fails to sack Athens; its surviving men remain a strong bulwark.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Xerxes

Atoss. Is the Athenians' city then unsacked? Mess. Their men are left, and that is bulwark strong.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 3
Xerxes’s elite troops are utterly destroyed after he sends them to attack the Hellenes.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Salamis]] · in that same hour

Xerxes

There Xerxes sends these men, that when their foes, Being wrecked, should to the islands safely swim, They might with ease destroy th' Hellenic host

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 3
Xerxes witnesses the disaster, tears his robes, and orders his troops into retreat.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 3

Xerxes

And Xerxes when he saw how deep the ill, Groaned out aloud, for he had ta'en his seat, With clear, wide view of all the army round, On a high cliff hard by the open sea; And tearing then his robes with bitter cry, And giving orders to his troops on shore, He sends them off in foul retreat.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 3
Xerxes barely escapes the Persian army’s catastrophic return through Thrace.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Thrakè]]

Xerxes

The king himself, we hear, but hardly 'scapes, Through Thrakè's widespread steppes, And paths o'er which the tempests wildly sweep.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 3
Persia’s imperial power is broken, ending the peoples’ submission and tribute.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 3

Xerxes

None now own the sway of Persia, Nor bring any more their tribute, Owning sway of sovereign master. Low upon the Earth, laid prostrate, Is the strength of our great monarch

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4
Atossa performs offerings and summons Dareios from the dead to advise the Persians.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4

Atossa Dareios

But ye, my friends, o'er these libations poured In honour of the dead, chant forth your hymns, And call upon Dareios as a God:

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4
Dareios appears from the tomb after being summoned by the mourners.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4

Dareios

The Ghost of DAREIOS appears on the summit of the mound

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4
Atossa reveals that Xerxes’s entire army has been lost near Athens.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Atossa Xerxes

Not so, but all the host is lost near Athens.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4
The naval force is defeated, wrecking the land force and causing Persia to mourn its losses.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4

Xerxes

The naval host, o'ercome, wrecked all the land-force.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4
Xerxes escapes with a few companions and reaches the mainland by crossing the bridge.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4

Xerxes

Xerxes, they say, alone, with but few others.... Was glad to gain the bridge that joins two mainlands.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4
Dareios condemns Xerxes for attempting to enslave the Hellespont and master the gods.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Hellespont]]

Dareios Xerxes Poseidon

To curb the sacred Hellespont with fetters, As though it were his slave, and sought to alter The stream of God, the Bosporos

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 5
Artaphrenes, allied with his friends, overthrew Mardos.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 5

Artaphernes Mardos

And him with guile Artaphrenes the brave smote down, close leagued With men, his friends

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 5
Dareios foretells that Xerxes' army will not return safely from Hellas.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Hellas]]

Xerxes

Nay, e'en the host which now in Hellas stays Will ne'er return in peace and safety home.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 5
Xerxes' Persian forces are defeated, and countless men perish in the war.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 5

Xerxes

And now, beyond all doubt, In strife of war defeated utterly, We find this high estate

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 5
Xerxes appears before the elders in torn robes after the Persian defeat.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 5

Xerxes

Enter XERXES in kingly apparel, but with his robes rent, with Attendants.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 5
Dareios departs from the living world, disappearing into the earth.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 5

Dareios

[Exit, disappearing in the earth.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 6
Xerxes's Persian forces are defeated by Ionian seamen in a disastrous naval battle.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Salaminian shores]]

Xerxes

Now with adverse turn of fortune, With Ionian seamen meeting, Fails in war the race of Persians.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 6
Alpistos, Batanôchos, Sesames, Megabates, Parthos, and Oebares are lost with the defeated army.

Aeschylus, The Persians — Scene 6

Xerxes Alpistos Batanôchos Sesames Megabates Parthos Oebares

And he, thy faithful Eye, Who told the Persian host, Myriads on myriads o'er, Alpistos, son and heir Of Batanôchos old · · · · · And the son of brave Sesames, Son himself of Megabates? Parthos, and the great Œbares, Did'st thou leave them, did'st thou leave them? Ah, woe! ah, woe is me, For those unhappy ones!

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1
Oedipus discovered his crimes and blinded himself.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Oedipus

When Œdipus king of Thebes discovered that he had unknowingly been the murderer of his father, and had lived in incest with his mother, he blinded himself.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1
Eteocles and Polyneikes confined Oedipus to hide their family's horrors.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1 · at first

Oedipus Eteocles Polynices

And his two sons, Eteocles and Polyneikes, wishing to banish the remembrance of these horrors from the eyes of men, at first kept him in confinement.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1
Oedipus cursed his sons to divide their inheritance by the sword.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1

Oedipus Eteocles Polynices

And he, being wroth with them, prayed that they might divide their inheritance with the sword.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1
Eteocles and Polyneikes agreed to reign in alternating years, with Eteocles going first.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1 · for a year

Eteocles Polynices

And they, in fear lest the prayer should be accomplished, agreed to reign in turn, each for a year, and Eteocles, as the elder of the two, took the first turn.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1
Eteocles refused to surrender the kingdom and expelled Polyneikes.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1 · at the end of the year

Eteocles Polynices

But when at the end of the year Polyneikes came to ask for the kingdom, Eteocles refused to give way, and sent him away empty.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1
Polyneikes married Adrastos' daughter and gathered an army to attack Thebes.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1 · 📍 Argos

Polynices Adrastus

So Polyneikes went to Argos and married the daughter of Adrastos the king of that country, and gathered together a great army under six great captains, himself going as the seventh, and led it against Thebes.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1
Polyneikes' army surrounded Thebes and occupied positions at its seven gates.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Polynices

And so they compassed it about, and at each of the seven gates of the city was stationed one of the divisions of the army.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1
Eteocles ordered the citizens to arm themselves and defend the walls and gates.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · This very night

Eteocles

But ye, haste all Unto the walls and gateways of the forts; Rush ye full-armed, and fill the outer space

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 2
Eteocles threatens disobedient citizens with a life trial and stoning.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 2

Eteocles

And if there be that will not own my sway, Or man or woman in their prime, or those Who can be classed with neither, they shall take Their trial for their life, nor shall they 'scape The fate of stoning.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 2
Eteocles appoints six warriors and himself to defend the city’s seven gates.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 2

Eteocles

And I six warriors, with myself as seventh, Against our foes in full state like their own, Will station at the seven gates' entrances

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 3
Eteocles appoints Melanippus to defend the Prœtan gates against Tydeus.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Prœtan gates]]

Eteocles Tydeus Melanippus

And against Tydeus, to defend the gates, I'll set this valiant son of Astacos;

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 3
Eteocles assigns Polyphontes to defend the Electran gates against Capaneus.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Electran gates]]

Eteocles Capaneus Polyphontes

And so 'gainst him, Though very bold of speech, a man is set Of fiery temper, Polyphontes strong,

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 3
Megareus is sent to defend the Neïstian gates against the third attacker.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Neïstian gates]]

Eteocles Megareus

Such would I send now; by good luck indeed He has been sent, his vaunting in his deeds, Megareus,

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 3
Eteocles assigns Hyperbios to oppose Hippomedon at the Onca-Athenà gates.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Onca-Athenà's]]

Eteocles Hippomedon Hyperbios

And next Hyperbios, The stalwart son of Œnops, has been chosen, A hero 'gainst this hero

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 4
Eteocles recognizes that Oedipus’s curse has been fulfilled.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 4

Eteocles Oedipus

Ah me! my father's curse is now fulfilled;

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 4
Eteocles assigns Lasthenes to oppose Amphiaraos at the gates.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 4

Eteocles Amphiaraos Lasthenes

Yet against him the hero Lasthenes, A foe of strangers, at the gates we'll set;

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 4
Eteocles resolves to confront Polyneikes in battle.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 4

Eteocles Polynices

Brother with brother fighting, king with king, And foe with foe, I'll stand.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 5
Eteocles and Polyneikes kill each other in battle.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Eteocles Polynices

Slain by each other, earth has drunk their blood.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 5
Apollo assigns the seventh gate to a champion avenging Laios against Oedipus's sons.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Apollo Eteocles Polynices

But the seventh gate did King Apollo choose, Seventh mighty chief, avenging Laios' want Of counsel on the sons of Œdipus.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 5
Laios disregards Apollo's repeated oracle that he must die childless to save the State.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Pythia's central shrine]] · Till the third age it waits

Laius Apollo

Since Laios, heeding not Apollo's oracle, (Though spoken thrice to him In Pythia's central shrine,) That dying childless, he should save the State.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 5
Oedipus kills his father Laios.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 5

Oedipus Laius

His murderer Œdipus, Who dared to sow in field Unholy, whence he sprang, A root of blood-flecked woe.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 5
Antigone and Ismene approach mourning their brothers' deaths.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 5

Antigone Ismene Eteocles Polynices

For see, they come to bitter deed called forth, Ismene and the maid Antigone, To wail their brothers' fall;

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6
Eteocles and Polyneikes kill each other in battle and die by mutual slaughter.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6

Eteocles Polynices

By mutual slaughter and by brothers' hands, Have found their end in death.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6
Erinnys fulfills Oedipus's curse through the deaths of his two sons.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6

Oedipus Erinnys Eteocles Polynices

Yea, of a truth, the curse of Œdipus Erinnys dread fulfils.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6
The Cadmeian authorities decree an honorable burial for Eteocles.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Cadmeian city]]

Eteocles

It is decreed Eteocles to honour, For his good-will towards this land of ours, With seemly burial, such as friend may claim;

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6
The authorities decree that Polyneikes remain unburied and deny him mourning and a tomb.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Cadmeian city]]

Polynices

But for his brother's, Polyneikes' corpse, To cast it out unburied, prey for dogs,

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6
Antigone vows to bury Polyneikes despite the state's prohibition.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6

Antigone Polynices

And I those rulers of Cadmeians tell, That if no other care to bury him, I will inter him, facing all the risk,

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6
Antigone rejects the Herald's warning and insists Polyneikes will not lie without a tomb.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6

Antigone Polynices

Stern let them be, he shall not tombless lie.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6
Antigone and her mourners depart to bury Polyneikes.

Aeschylus, The Seven Who Fought Against Thebes — Scene 6

Antigone Polynices

Exeunt ANTIGONE and Semi-Chorus A., following the corpse of POLYNEIKES

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1
Zeus defeated Cronos, who was chained in Tartaros.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Tartaros]] · In the old time

Zeus Kronos

And Prometheus, the son of Earth or Themis, though one of the Titans, supported Zeus, as did also Okeanos, and by his counsels Zeus obtained the victory, and Cronos was chained in Tartaros

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1
Prometheus stole divine fire and gave it to mortal men.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1 · then

Prometheus

And then Prometheus, seeing the miseries of the race of men, of whom Zeus took little heed, stole the fire which till then had belonged to none but Hephæstos and was used only for the Gods, and gave it to mankind

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1
Zeus ordered Hephaestus, Strength, and Force to bind Prometheus to a rock.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Caucasos]] · then

Zeus Prometheus Hephaestus Strength Force

But Zeus being wroth with Prometheus for this deed, sent Hephæstos, with his two helpers, Strength and Force, to fetter him to a rock on Caucasos.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1
Inachos drove Io forth from her home after consulting the god at Delphi.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1 · 📍 Argos

Inachos Io

And Inachos, sending to the God at Delphi, was told to drive Io forth from her home.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1
Zeus gave Io the horns of a cow.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1

Zeus Io

And Zeus gave her the horns of a cow

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1
Hera sent a gadfly that stung Io and drove her across many lands.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1

Hera Io

and Hera, who hated her because she was dear to Zeus, sent with her a gadfly that stung her, and gave her no rest, and drove her over many lands.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1
Hephaestus, Strength, and Force fastened Prometheus in adamantine chains.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Skythia]] · now

Hephaestus Strength Force Prometheus

Lo! to a plain, earth's boundary remote, We now are come,—the tract as Skythian known, A desert inaccessible: and now, Hephæstos, it is thine to do the hests The Father gave thee, to these lofty crags To bind this crafty trickster fast in chains Of adamantine bonds that none can break;

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1
Prometheus became a prisoner, condemned to endure his punishment in chains.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Skythia]] · now

Prometheus

And now this penalty Of that offence I pay, fast riveted In chains beneath the open firmament.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2
Zeus became ruler of Olympos under new laws and swept away the ancient powers.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Olympos]]

Zeus

New pilots now o'er high Olympos rule, And with new-fashioned laws Zeus reigns, down-trampling right, And all the ancient powers He sweeps away.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2
Zeus defeated Cronos and imprisoned him with his allies in Tartaros.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Tartaros]]

Zeus Kronos

take my side with Zeus, And by my counsels, mine, the dark deep pit Of Tartaros the ancient Cronos holds, Himself and his allies.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2
Zeus planned to crush the mortal race and replace it with a new one.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2 · soon as He upon his father's throne Had sat secure

Zeus

But of mortal men He took no heed, but purposed utterly To crush their race and plant another new;

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2
Prometheus made mortals cease contemplating death.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2

Prometheus

I made men cease from contemplating death.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2
Prometheus gave mortals blind hopes so they could continue living.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2

Prometheus

Blind hopes I gave to live and dwell with them.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2
Prometheus gave mortals fire, enabling them to learn many arts.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2

Prometheus

And more than that, I gave them fire, yes I.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2
Zeus bound Prometheus beneath dreadful suffering for aiding mortals.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2

Zeus Prometheus

And therefore am I bound beneath these woes, Dreadful to suffer, pitiable to see:

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2
Zeus's thunderbolt defeated Typhon, burning him and leaving him powerless beneath Ætna.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Ætna]]

Zeus Typhon

But the unsleeping dart of Zeus came on him, Down-swooping thunderbolt that breathes out flame, Which from his lofty boastings startled him, For he i' the heart was struck, to ashes burnt, His strength all thunder-shattered; and he lies A helpless, powerless carcase, near the strait Of the great sea, fast pressed beneath the roots Of ancient Ætna

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3
Prometheus took Hesione as his wife in marriage.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3

Prometheus Hesione

when I sang wedding hymns around thy bath, And at thy bridal bed, when thou did'st take In wedlock's holy bands One of the same sire born, Our own Hesione, Persuading her with gifts As wife to share thy couch.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3
Zeus ordered Prometheus's binding, carried out by Hephaistos.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3 · now

Zeus [[Hephaistos]] Prometheus

The counsel was of Zeus, the hand Hephæstos'.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3
Prometheus gave fire and essential arts to mortals, transforming their former ignorance.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3

Prometheus

Allarts of mortals from Prometheus spring.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3
Hera's jealousy drives Io into prolonged wandering while Argos relentlessly pursues her.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3

Io Hera Argos

And I with famished and unseemly bounds Rush madly, driven by Hera's jealous craft.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3
Prometheus reveals Io's identity and explains that Zeus's love and Hera's hatred caused her wanderings.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3

Prometheus Io Inachos Zeus Hera

Daughter of Inachos, who warmed the heart Of Zeus with love, and now through Hera's hate Is tried, perforce, with wanderings over-long?

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3
Prometheus identifies himself to Io as the benefactor who gave fire to humanity.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 3

Prometheus Io

Thou see'st Prometheus who gave fire to men.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4
Inachos expels Io after Loxias’ oracle commands him to drive her from home.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4

Inachos Io Apollo

And he, by Loxias' oracles induced, Thrust me, against his will, against mine too, And drove me from my home;

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4
Io’s face and mind change, and she becomes horned while suffering Zeus’s punishment.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4

Io

And then forthwith my face and mind were changed; And hornèd, as ye see me, stung to the quick

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4
Argos is suddenly deprived of life while pursuing Io.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4

Argos

And him a sudden and unlooked-for doom Deprived of life.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4
Io is driven by a heavenly scourge to wander from land to land.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4

Io

And I, by gadfly stung, By scourge from Heaven am driven from land to land.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4
Prometheus reveals that Zeus will eventually lose sovereignty through his own rash plans.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4

Zeus Prometheus

He shall wed one for whom one day he'll grieve. ... Yea; she shall bear child mightier than his sire.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4
Prometheus reveals that one of Io’s descendants will free him from his bonds.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 4 · the third generation after ten

Io Prometheus

It must be one of thy posterity. ... Yea, the third generation after ten.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5
Prometheus reveals the future wanderings Io must endure.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5 · when thou shalt cross the straits

Prometheus Io

Thee, Io, first I'll tell thy wanderings wild,

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5
Hera’s gadfly drives Io into renewed frenzy and uncontrollable speech.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5

Hera Io

The gadfly's pointed sting, Not forged with fire, attacks, And my heart beats against my breast with fear.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5
Zeus will restore Io’s sanity at Canôbos.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Canôbos]]

Zeus Io

There Zeus shall give thee back thy mind again, With hand that works no terror touching thee,— Touch only—and thou then shalt bear a child

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5
Io will bear Epaphos, Zeus’s child, at Canôbos.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Canôbos]]

Zeus Io Epaphus

And thou then shalt bear a child Of Zeus begotten, Epaphos, “Touch-born,”

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5
Io and her progeny will found a distant colony in Neilotic land.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Neilotic land]]

Io

And it shall guide thee to Neilotic land, Three-angled, where, O Io, 'tis decreed For thee and for thy progeny to found A far-off colony.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5
A royal descendant from Io’s line will eventually free Prometheus.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5 · 📍 Argos

Prometheus

And she at Argos shall a royal seed Bring forth (long speech 'twould take to tell this clear) Famed for his arrows, who shall set me free From these my woes.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5
Prometheus reveals that Zeus will be overthrown, fulfilling Cronos’s curse.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 5 · And then

Kronos Zeus

And then the curse his father Cronos spake Shall have its dread completion, even that He uttered when he left his ancient throne;

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 6
Prometheus predicts that Zeus will suffer a swift fall from sovereignty over the gods.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 6

Prometheus Zeus

And now the third, who reigneth, I shall see In basest, quickest fall.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 6
Prometheus refuses to reveal the secret of Zeus’s future overthrow, despite torture and threats.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 6

Hermes Prometheus Zeus

There is no torture nor device by which Zeus can impel me to disclose these things Before these bonds that outrage me be loosed.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 6
Hermes announces that Zeus will crush Prometheus, expose him to an eagle, and prolong his torment.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 6

Hermes Prometheus Zeus

With thunder and the levin's blazing flash The Father this ravine of rock shall crush, And shall thy carcase hide, and stern embrace Of stony arms shall keep thee in thy place.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 6
Zeus unleashes a violent storm, shaking the earth and filling the sky with thunder and lightning.

Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound — Scene 6

Prometheus Zeus

Yea, now in very deed, No more in word alone, The earth shakes to and fro, And the loud thunder's voice Bellows hard by, and blaze The flashing levin-fires, And tempests whirl the dust, And gusts of all wild winds On one another leap, In wild conflicting blasts, And sky with sea is blent: Such is the storm from Zeus

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 1
Io gave birth to Epaphos after Zeus touched her.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Egypt]]

Io Zeus Epaphus

When Io, after many wanderings, had found refuge in Egypt, and having been touched by Zeus, had given birth to Epaphos

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 1
Epaphos and his descendants ruled the region of Canôpos.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Canôpos]] · in the fifth generation

Epaphus

And in the fifth generation there were two brothers, Danaos and Ægyptos, the sons of Belos, and the former had fifty daughters and the latter fifty sons, and Ægyptos sought the daughters of Danaos in marriage for his sons. And they, looking on the marriage as unholy, and hating those who wooed them, took flight and came to Argos, where Pelasgos then ruled as king, as to the land whence Io, from whom they sprang, had come.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 1
Aegyptos sought marriage with Danaos's daughters for his sons, but they rejected the matches.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 1

Aegyptus Danaus

Ægyptos sought the daughters of Danaos in marriage for his sons. And they, looking on the marriage as unholy, and hating those who wooed them

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 1
Danaos's daughters fled to Argos to escape the unwanted marriages.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 1 · 📍 Argos

Danaus

took flight and came to Argos, where Pelasgos then ruled as king

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 1
Aegyptos's sons pursued Danaos's daughters to Argos.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 1 · 📍 Argos · thither

Aegyptus

And thither the sons of Ægyptos followed them in hot pursuit.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 2
Hera transformed Io into a heifer.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Argive land]]

Hera Io

The Argive goddess made the maid a heifer.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 2
Hera set Argos, the all-seeing earth-born, to guard Io.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 2

Hera Argos Io

She o'er the heifer set a guard all-seeing.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 2
Hermes slew Argos, Hera’s all-seeing herdsman.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 2

Hermes Argos

Argos, the earth-born, him whom Hermes slew.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 2
Hera sent a stinging gadfly to torment Io.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 2

Hera Io

She sent a stinging gadfly to torment her.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 2
Hera drove Io far from her country.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 2

Hera Io

Did she then drive her from her country far?

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3
Zeus begets Epaphos through divine touch.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3

Zeus Epaphus

Zeus with his touch, an offspring then begets.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3
Epaphos begets Libya.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3

Epaphus Libya

Libya, that gains her fame from greatest land.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3
Belos is identified as an offspring of Libya.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3

Libya Belos

Sire of my sire here, Belos, with two sons.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3
Danaos and Aegyptos are identified as Belos's two sons.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3

Belos Danaus Aegyptus

Sire of my sire here, Belos, with two sons. King. Tell me then now the name of yonder sage. Chor. Danaos, whose brother boasts of fifty sons. King. Tell me his name, too, with ungrudging speech. Chor. Ægyptos: knowing now our ancient stock,

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3
The Danaos-led suppliants flee to Argos to escape forced marriages to Aegyptos's sons.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3 · 📍 Argos

Danaus Aegyptus

Who would have said that this unlooked-for flight Would bring to Argos race once native here, Driving them forth in hate of wedlock's couch?

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3
Aegyptos's sons seek to enslave the suppliants.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3

Aegyptus

That I serve not Ægyptos' sons as slave.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3
The king chooses to risk war rather than surrender the suppliants to Aegyptos's sons.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 3

Aegyptus

Fierce war we needs must risk Either with these (pointing to the Gods) or those.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 4
Io is driven onward in madness by the stinging gadfly.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 4

Io

Whence Io, by the stinging gadfly driven, Flees, of her sense bereft, Passing through many tribes of mortal men;

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 4
Zeus frees Io from her torment and brings her suffering to rest.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 4

Zeus Io

He, even He, for by his sovereign might That works no ill, was she from evil freed; And by his breath divine She findeth rest, and weeps in floods of tears

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 4
Io bears Epaphos, who is recognized as Zeus-born.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 4

Zeus Io Epaphus

And with new burden big, Not falsely 'Zeus-born' named, She bare a son that grew in faultless growth,

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 6
The Herald arrives and orders the suppliants to hurry aboard the ship under threat of force.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 6

Herald DaughtersofDanaos

Her. Haste, haste ye, to that barque that yonder lies, Ye wretches, curse on you.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 6
The Herald begins forcibly removing the suppliants, seizing their leader by the hair.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 6

Herald DaughtersofDanaos

Her. I bid you go to yon ship double-prowed, With all your speed. Let no one lag behind; But little shall my grasp your ringlets spare. [Seizes on the leader of the Suppliants]

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 8
Zeus frees Io from her pain and ends her wanderings.

Aeschylus, The Suppliants — Scene 8

Zeus Io

E'en He who, touching her with healing hand, Freed Io from her pain, Putting an end from all her wanderings,

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1
Alexandros enticed Helena to leave Menelaos and go with him to Troïa.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troïa]] · Ten years had passed since

Paris Helen Menelaus

being received by him as a guest, he enticed his wife Helena to leave her lord and go with him to Troïa.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1
Alexandros was slain during the war against Troïa.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troïa]] · the tenth year had come

Paris

And now the tenth year had come, and Paris was slain, and the city of the Troïans was taken and destroyed

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1
Agamemnon and the Hellenes took and destroyed the city of Troïa.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troïa]] · the tenth year had come

Agamemnon

the city of the Troïans was taken and destroyed, and Agamemnon and the Hellenes were on their way homeward

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1
Clytemnestra became unfaithful to Agamemnon and took Aegisthus as her paramour.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1 · 📍 Argos · meanwhile

Clytemnestra Aegisthus

But meanwhile Clytæmnestra too, Agamemnon's queen, had been unfaithful, and had taken as her paramour Ægisthos

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1
Agamemnon sacrificed Iphigeneia to appease Artemis's wrath.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1 · before the war

Agamemnon Iphigenia

the death of her daughter Iphigeneia, whom Agamemnon had sacrificed to appease the wrath of Artemis

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1
Clytemnestra and Aegisthus secretly plotted against Agamemnon's life.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1 · 📍 Argos · meanwhile

Clytemnestra Aegisthus Agamemnon

she plotted with Ægisthos against her husband's life.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1
Atreus made Thyestes unknowingly eat the flesh of his own children.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1

Atreus Thyestes

that Thyestes whom Atreus, his brother, had made to eat, unknowing, of the flesh of his own children.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1
Agamemnon hardened his heart and ordered his own child slain as a sacrifice.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Agamemnon Iphigenia

And at last his heart he hardened His own child to slay as victim

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 2
Zeus's forces capture Troïa, bringing the city under bondage.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Troïa]] · This very night

Zeus

O Zeus our King! O Night beloved, Mighty winner of great glories, Who upon the towers of Troïa Casted'st snare of closest meshes, So that none full-grown or youthful Could o'erleap the net of bondage, Woe of universal capture;

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 2
Alexandros steals the queen from the Atreidæ's home, bringing lasting shame upon the household.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 2

Paris

Thus Paris came to the Atreidæ's home, And stole its queen away, And so left brand of shame indelible Upon the board where host and guest had sat.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 3
Agamemnon returns to his Argive homeland after the Trojan war.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 3 · in the light of the tenth year

Agamemnon

Now in the light of the tenth year I reach thee, Though many hopes are shattered, gaining one.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 3
Agamemnon destroys Troïa and its shrines, fulfilling Zeus's vengeance against Paris.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Troïa]]

Agamemnon Zeus Paris

For he is come, in darkness bringing light To you and all, our monarch, Agamemnon. Salute him with all grace; for so 'tis meet, Since he hath dug up Troïa with the spade Of Zeus the Avenger, and the plain laid waste; Fallen their altars and the shrines of Gods; The seed of all the land is rooted out, This yoke of bondage casting over Troïa, Our chief, the elder of the Atreidæ, comes, A man full blest, and worthiest of high honour Of all that are. For neither Paris' self, Nor his accomplice city now can boast Their deed exceeds its punishment.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 3
Menelaos vanishes from the Achaean host with his ship, leaving his fate uncertain.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 3

Menelaus

The chief has vanished from the Achæan host, He and his ship. I speak no falsehood here.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 4
Agamemnon destroys Ilion and Priam’s city in vengeance.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Agamemnon Priam

This my return, and vengeance that I took On Priam's city. Not on hearsay proof Judging the cause, with one consent the Gods Cast in their votes into the urn of blood For Ilion's ruin and her people's death;

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 4
Agamemnon returns victorious to Argos and approaches his household hearth.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 4 · 📍 Argos

Agamemnon

And now will I to home and household hearth Move on, and first give thanks unto the Gods Who led me forth, and brought me back again.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 4
Strophios nurtures Orestes away from his mother.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 4 · now

Strophius Orestes

For now a kind ally doth nurture him, Strophios the Phokian, telling me of woes Of twofold aspect, danger on thy side

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 4
Cassandra follows Agamemnon as a captured bondslave and spoil of war.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 4

Agamemnon Cassandra

And she, the chosen flower of many spoils, Has followed with me as the army's gift.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 4
Agamemnon accepts Clytemnestra’s demand and walks into his palace on purple tapestries.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 4

Agamemnon Clytemnestra

Well, then, if thou wilt have it so, with speed Let some one loose my buskins ... as I tread Upon these robes sea-purpled, may no wrath From glance of Gods smite on me from afar! ... I'll to my palace go, on purple treading.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 5
Clytemnestra orders Cassandra to leave the chariot and enter the house.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 5

Clytemnestra Cassandra

Go with her. What she bids is now the best; Obey her: leave thy seat upon this car.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 5
Cassandra leaves the chariot and begins lamenting.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 5

Cassandra

CASSANDRA leaves the chariot, and bursts into a cry of wailing

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 5
Cassandra reveals that Clytemnestra is plotting to kill Agamemnon.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 5

Clytemnestra Agamemnon Cassandra

Nay, the true net is she who shares his bed, Who shares in working death.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 5
Cassandra prophesies Clytemnestra will strike Agamemnon after bathing him.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 5

Clytemnestra Agamemnon Cassandra

Who having in his bath Tended thy spouse, thy lord, then ... How tell the rest? For quick it comes, and hand is following hand, Stretched out to strike the blow.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 6
Apollo made Cassandra a seer, but her broken vow caused mortals to reject her prophecies.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 6

Apollo Cassandra

I promised Loxias, then I broke my vow. ... I for that fault with no man gained belief.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 6
Cassandra reveals that a woman will murder the returning master.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 6 · Soon

Cassandra

the man Is murdered by the woman. ... What will be will. Soon, present, pitying me Thou'lt own I am too true a prophetess.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 7
Cassandra enters the palace to meet her foretold death alongside Agamemnon.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 7 · 📍 [[palace]]

Cassandra Agamemnon

Well then I go, and e'en within will wail My fate and Agamemnon's. And for me, Enough of life.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 7
Agamemnon is struck twice and dies inside the palace.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 7 · 📍 [[palace]]

Agamemnon

Agam. [from within.] Ah, me! I am struck down with deadly stroke. Chor. Hush! who cries out with deadly stroke sore smitten? Agam. Ah me, again! struck down a second time! [Dies]

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 7
Clytemnestra reveals that she has deliberately murdered Agamemnon.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 7 · 📍 [[palace]]

Clytemnestra Agamemnon

I stand where I Did smite him down, with all my task well done. So did I it, (the deed deny I not,)

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 7
Cassandra is found dead beside Agamemnon after entering the palace.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 7 · 📍 [[palace]]

Cassandra

The open doors show the corpses of_ AGAMEMNON and CASSANDRA, the former lying in a silvered bath

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 8
Clytemnestra confesses killing Agamemnon.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 8

Clytemnestra Agamemnon

here Agamemnon lies, My husband, now a corpse, of this right hand, As artist just, the handiwork: so stands it.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 8
Agamemnon sacrificed Iphigenia to secure favorable winds.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 8

Agamemnon Iphigenia

Yet sacrificed his child, the dear-loved fruit Of all my travail-pangs, to be a charm Against the winds of Thrakia.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9
Clytemnestra and Aegisthus kill Agamemnon.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9

Clytemnestra Aegisthus Agamemnon

It is not thine to speak; 'Twas at our hands he fell, Yea, he fell low in death,

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9
Atreus banishes his brother Thyestes from his country and home.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9

Atreus Thyestes

Atreus, our country's ruler, this man's father, Drove out my sire Thyestes, his own brother, (To tell the whole truth,) quarrelling for rule, An exile from his country and his home.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9
Atreus serves Thyestes a banquet made from his own children.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9

Atreus Thyestes

On plea of keeping festal day with cheer, To my sire banquet gave of children's flesh, His own.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9
Thyestes curses Pelops' sons and their descendants after discovering the banquet's horror.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9 · afterwards

Thyestes Pelops

And learning afterwards The deed of dread, he groaned and backward fell, Vomits the feast of blood, and imprecates On Pelops' sons a doom intolerable,

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9
Atreus banishes the infant Aegisthus along with his father.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9

Atreus Aegisthus

For me, a babe in swaddling-clothes, he banished With my poor father, me, his thirteenth child;

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9
Aegisthus returns grown and plots Agamemnon's murder in revenge.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9

Aegisthus Agamemnon

And Vengeance brought me back, of full age grown: And e'en far off I wrought against this man, And planned the whole scheme of this dark device.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9
Clytemnestra and Aegisthus assume joint rule of the house.

Aeschylus, Agamemnon — Scene 9

Clytemnestra Aegisthus

And thou together, ruling o'er the house, Will settle all things rightly.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1
Agamemnon was slain.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1 · after Agamemnon had been slain

Agamemnon

It came to pass, after Agamemnon had been slain, that

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1
Clytemnestra and Aegisthus assumed rule in Argos.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1 · 📍 Argos · after Agamemnon had been slain

Clytemnestra Aegisthus

Clytæmnestra and Ægisthos ruled in Argos

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1
Orestes was sent away to Strophios's care as heir to Agamemnon.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Phokis]] · after Agamemnon had been slain

Orestes Strophius

Orestes, who was heir to Agamemnon, they had sent away to the care of Strophios of Phokis

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1
The Gods commanded Orestes to avenge his father's murderers.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · when Orestes grew up to man's estate

Orestes

the Gods straitly charged him to take vengeance on his father's murderers

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1
The Gods sent Clytemnestra a fearful dream that troubled her greatly.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1 · a little while before he came

Clytemnestra

the Gods sent Clytæmnestra a fearful dream, that troubled her soul greatly

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1
Clytemnestra bade Electra pour libations on Agamemnon's tomb.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 1 · in her terror

Clytemnestra Electra

in her terror she bade Electra go with her handmaids to pour libations on the tomb of Agamemnon

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 2
Electra discovers a lock of hair on the tomb and suspects it belongs to Orestes.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 2

Electra Orestes

There on the tomb I see this lock cut off.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 2
Orestes emerges from concealment and reveals himself to Electra.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 2

Electra Orestes

Orest. Behold me! Seek no dearer friend than I!

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 2
Electra recognizes Orestes and embraces him as their house’s sole hope of deliverance.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 2

Electra Orestes

Elect. [embracing ORESTES] Thou whom thy father's house most loves, most prays for, Our one sole hope, bewept with many a tear,

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 3
Loxias commands Orestes to pursue and kill his father's murderers.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 3

Apollo Orestes

Loxias' oracle, In strength excelling, will not fail us now, That bade me on this enterprise to start, And with clear voice spake often, warning me Of chilling pain-throes at the fevered heart, Unless my father's murderers I should chase, Bidding me kill them in the self-same fashion

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 3
Electra and Orestes become suppliants and exiles seeking shelter at their father's tomb.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 3

Electra Orestes

And we, as suppliants and as exiles too, Find shelter at thy tomb.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4
Orestes and Electra resolve to act against their father’s foes.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4

Orestes Electra

Come then to light, and hear; Be with us 'gainst our foes.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4
Orestes and Electra invoke their dead father’s aid for victory.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4

Orestes Electra

Or send thou Vengeance to assist thy friends; Or let them get like grasp of those thy foes

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4
Orestes learns that libations were sent because of a terrifying dream.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4

Orestes Electra

Stirred on By dreams and wandering terrors of the night, That godless woman these libations sent.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4
Orestes learns the dream involved a snake nursed at the woman’s breast.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4

Orestes

As she doth say, she thought she bare a snake.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4
Orestes learns the snake drank blood mixed with the woman’s milk.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4

Orestes

Nay, with the milk it sucked out clots of blood.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4
Orestes interprets the terrifying dream as meaningful and connected to his dead father.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 4

Orestes

Ah, not in vain comes this dream from her lord.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 5
Orestes interprets his dream as foretelling that he must kill Clytemnestra.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 5

Orestes Clytemnestra

So must she, as that monster dread she nourished, Die cruel death: and I, thus serpentised, Am here to slay her, as this dream portends;

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 5
Orestes and Pylades enter disguised as Phokian travelers to deceive the palace occupants.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 5

Orestes Pylades

ORESTES and PYLADES enter, disguised as Phokian travellers, go to the door of the palace, and knock loudly

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 5
Skylla kills Nisos after Minos's gifts persuade her to steal his life-preserving lock.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Crete]]

Skylla Nisos Minos

Skylla, with blood defiled. Who for the sake of foes a dear one slew, Won by the gold-chased bracelets brought from Crete, The gifts that Minos gave, And knowing not the end, Robbed Nisos of his lock of deathless life,

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 5
Orestes falsely reports his own death, and Clytemnestra believes her son is dead.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 5

Orestes Clytemnestra

“Since thou dost go, my friend, for Argos bound, In any case, tell those who gave him birth, Remembering it right well, Orestes' death; See thou forget it not, and whether plans Prevail to fetch him home, or bury him There where he is, a stranger evermore, Bear back the message as thy freight for us;

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 6
Clytemnestra admits Orestes and Pylades to the palace as welcomed guests.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 6

Orestes Pylades Clytemnestra

Lead him [to her Slave, pointing to ORESTES] to these our hospitable halls, And these his fellow-travellers and servants: There let them meet with what befits our house.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 6
Clytemnestra orders Kilissa to summon Aegisthus to hear the travelers’ report.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 6

Clytemnestra Kilissa Aegisthus

Our mistress bids me with all speed to call Ægisthos to the strangers, that he come And hear more clearly, as a man from man, This newly-brought report.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 6
Kilissa is instructed to summon Aegisthus alone, without armed guards, for secret communication.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 6

Kilissa Aegisthus

But bid him 'come alone,' (that so he hear Without alarm,) 'full speed, with joyous mind,' Since 'secret speech with messengers goes best.'

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 6
Aegisthus learns that travelers report Orestes dead and questions the report’s truth.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 6

Orestes Aegisthus

As for Orestes' death, with it to charge The house would be a burden dropping fear To one by that old bloodshed sorely stung.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 7
Orestes kills Aegisthus in retribution for Agamemnon’s murder.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 7

Orestes Aegisthus

Ægisthos is no more; but open now With all your speed, and loosen ye the bolts

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 7
Orestes resolves to kill Clytemnestra and leads her into the palace.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 7

Orestes Clytemnestra

Follow: I mean to slay thee where he lies, For while he lived thou held'st him far above My father.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8
Agamemnon was murdered by Clytemnestra and Aegisthus.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8

Agamemnon Aegisthus Clytemnestra

Here, then, upon this palace of our kings A third storm blows again; The blast that haunts the race has run its course. First came the wretched meal of children's flesh; Next what befell our king: Slain in the bath was he who ruled our host, Of all the Achæans lord;

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8
Orestes killed his mother, Agamemnon’s murderess.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8

Orestes Clytemnestra

While my reason stays, I tell my friends here that I slew my mother, Not without right, my father's murderess, Accursed, and hated of the Gods.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8
Orestes brought Aegisthus to justice for adultery and murder.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8

Orestes Aegisthus

Of Ægisthos' fate No word I speak. He bears the penalty, As runs the law, of an adulterer's guilt;

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8
Apollo’s oracle warned Orestes that killing his mother would free him from blame.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8

Apollo Orestes

At my heart Stands terror ready or to sing or dance In burst of frenzy. While my reason stays, I tell my friends here that I slew my mother, Not without right, my father's murderess, Accursed, and hated of the Gods. And I As chiefest spell that made me dare this deed Count Loxias, Pythian prophet, warning me That doing this I should be free from blame,

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8
Orestes became an exile and sought purification and shelter at Apollo’s shrine.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Earth's central shrine]]

Orestes Apollo

With this my bough and chaplet I will gain Earth's central shrine, the home where Loxias dwells, And the bright fire that is as deathless known, Seeking to 'scape this guilt of kindred blood; And on no other hearth, so Loxias bade, May I seek shelter.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8
The Erinnyes appeared to Orestes and pursued him for shedding kindred blood.

Aeschylus, The Libation-Pourers — Scene 8

Orestes Erinnys

These are no phantom terrors that I see: Full clear they are my mother's vengeful hounds.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 1
Orestes killed Clytaemnestra, becoming pursued as her matricidal murderer.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 1

Orestes Clytemnestra

And I dread banquets of the night would offer On altar-hearth, at hour no God might share. And lo! all this is trampled under foot. He is escaped, and flees, like fawn, away;

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 1
Apollo admitted urging Orestes to kill his mother.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Delphi]]

Apollo Orestes

For I urged thee to take thy mother's life.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 1
Apollo directed Orestes to seek Pallas' city and promised judges would free him from persecution.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Pallas' city]]

Apollo Orestes

But go to Pallas' city, And sit, and clasp her ancient image there; And there with judges of these things, and words Strong to appease, will we a means devise To free thee from these ills for evermore;

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 1
Orestes departed under Hermes' guidance, escaping the sleeping Erinnyes.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 1

Orestes Hermes

[Exit ORESTES led by HERMES.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 2
Apollo promises to help Orestes and free him as his suppliant.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 2

Apollo Orestes

And I will help him and my suppliant free; For dreadful among Gods and mortals too The suppliant's curse, should I abandon him.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 2
Orestes seeks refuge at Athena's shrine and awaits the trial's outcome.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Temple of Athena Polias]]

Orestes Athena

Here will I stay and wait the trial's issue.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 2
Orestes declares that the guilt of matricide has been cleansed from him.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Phœbos' shrine]]

Orestes

For when 'twas fresh, it then was all dispelled, At Phœbos' shrine, by spells of slaughtered swine.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 2
The Erinnyes find Orestes at Athena's statue and threaten to punish him for matricide.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Temple of Athena Polias]]

Orestes

He, it is true, in full security, Clasping the statue of the deathless goddess, Would fain now take his trial at our hands. This may not be;

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 2
Athena arrives in her chariot and alights before her temple.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Temple of Athena Polias]]

Athena

Enter ATHENA, appearing in her chariot, and then alights

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3
Orestes declares himself purified and free from the blood-guilt of matricide.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3

Orestes

I am not now defiled: no curse abides Upon the hand that on thy statue rests;

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3
Agamemnon is revealed to have been murdered by his wife after returning home.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3

Agamemnon

He, when he came home, Died without honour; and my dark-souled mother Enwrapt and slew him with her broidered toils

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3
Orestes reveals that he killed his mother in retaliation for Agamemnon’s murder.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3

Orestes

And I, on my return, (Till then an exile,) did my mother kill

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3
Loxias is revealed as having directed Orestes toward the matricide.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3

Apollo Orestes

And Loxias, too, is found accomplice here, Foretelling woes that pricked my heart to act

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3
Athena accepts Orestes as a blameless suppliant whom her city need not condemn.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3

Athena Orestes

I now, in spite of all, Take thee as one my city need not blame

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3
Athena establishes a sworn tribunal to judge Orestes’ murder case.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 3

Athena Orestes

I will appoint as judges of this murder Men bound by oath, a law for evermore

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4
Orestes admits that he killed his mother.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4

Orestes

I slew her: of that fact is no denial.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4
Orestes reveals that Apollo commanded him to kill his mother.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4

Orestes Apollo

By His divine command: He bears me witness.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4
Apollo presents Orestes as a suppliant at Athena’s hearth and seeks his lasting alliance.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4

Apollo Orestes Athena

And now this man have sent as suppliant Upon thy hearth, that he may faithful prove Now and for ever

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4
Apollo testifies that Zeus commands prophetic utterances.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4

Apollo Zeus

Ne'er have I spoken on prophetic throne, Of man, or woman, or of commonwealth, But as great Zeus, Olympian Father, bade

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4
Apollo declares that Athena may be Zeus’s child without maternal gestation.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4

Apollo Athena

Here nigh at hand, as witness, is the child Of high Olympian Zeus, for she not e'en Was nurtured in the darkness of the womb

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4
Athena establishes a permanent council of judges to decide murder cases.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Ares' hill]] · for all time to come

Athena

And henceforth shall the host of Ægeus' race For ever own this council-hall of judges

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 5
Athena's deciding vote acquits Orestes of murder when the jurors' votes are equal.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 5

Athena Orestes

Athena. The accused is found “not guilty” of the murder: For lo! the numbers of the votes are equal.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 5
Orestes regains his fatherland and heritage through Athena, Apollo, and Zeus.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 5

Orestes Athena Apollo Zeus

Thou, thou hast brought me back when I had been Bereaved of fatherland, and Hellenes now Will say, “The man's an Argive once again, And dwells upon his father's heritage, Because of Pallas and of Loxias, And Zeus, the true third Saviour, all o'erruling,

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 5
Orestes pledges perpetual support and defense to Athena's country and its people.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 5

Orestes Athena

And I will now wend homeward, giving pledge To this thy country and its valiant host, To stand as firm for henceforth and for ever,

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 5
Athena offers the ancient goddesses honored homes, worship, and sacred privileges in her land.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Erechtheus' home]]

Athena

For lo! I promise, promise faithfully, That, seated on your hearths with shining thrones, Ye shall find cavern homes in righteous land, Honoured and worshipped by these citizens.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 6
The Eumenides accept Athena's offered home and receive an honored civic place.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 6

Athena Eumenides

Chor. Say I accept. What honour then is mine? Athena. That no one house apart from thee shall prosper.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 6
Athena escorts the propitiated Eumenides to their new shrines and sanctuary.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Areopagos]]

Athena Eumenides

Enter an array of women, young and old, in procession, leading the Erinnyes—now, as propitiated, the Eumenides or Gentle Ones—to their shrines

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 6
Zeus joins Destiny in league for Pallas' citizens.

Aeschylus, Eumenides — Scene 6

Zeus Destiny

*Zeus the All-seeing thus hath joined in league *With Destiny for Pallas' citizens;

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 1
Eteocles and Polynices slay each other in single combat after the Argive army is defeated.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Eteocles Polynices

The army was defeated, and the two brothers slew each other in single combat.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 1
Creon succeeds to the chief power after Eteocles and Polynices die.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 1 · On this

Creon

On this Creon, the brother-in-law of Oedipus, succeeding to the chief power, forbade the burial of Polynices.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 1
Antigone decides to bury Polynices despite Creon's prohibition and threat of death.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · to-day

Antigone Polynices Creon

Wilt thou join hand with mine to lift the dead?

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 1
Ismene refuses to help Antigone bury Polynices, citing the authority of Creon and the citizens.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 1

Ismene Antigone Polynices

I, then, imploring those beneath to grant Indulgence, seeing I am enforced in this, Will yield submission to the powers that rule

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 1
Antigone commits herself to burying Polynices alone, accepting death for the act.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 1

Antigone Polynices

I will not urge you! no! nor if now you list To help me, will your help afford me joy. Be what you choose to be! This single hand Shall bury our lost brother.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 2
Antigone buries the dead prince and is caught performing funeral rites.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 2

Antigone

Then nimbly with her hands she brought dry dust, And holding high a shapely brazen cruse, Poured three libations, honouring the dead. We, when we saw, ran in, and straightway seized Our quarry

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 2
Antigone confesses to violating Creon's edict forbidding the burial.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 2

Antigone Creon

ANT. I deny nothing. I avow the deed.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 2
Creon releases the Watchman from the charge after Antigone is brought before him.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 2

Creon

Thou may'st betake thyself whither thou wilt, Acquitted of the grievous charge, and free.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 2
Antigone openly defends her disobedience by appealing to the unwritten laws of Heaven.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 2

Antigone Creon

I heard it not from Heaven, nor came it forth From Justice, where she reigns with Gods below. They too have published to mankind a law.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 2
Creon declares that Antigone will suffer death for defying public law.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 2

Creon Antigone

Be she my sister's child, Or of yet nearer blood to me than all That take protection from my hearth, the pair Shall not escape the worst of deaths.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3
Antigone is held responsible for entombing her dead brother Eteocles.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3

Antigone Eteocles

For since of all the city I have found Her only recusant, caught in the act,

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3
Creon condemns Antigone to death for defying his law.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3

Creon Antigone

I will take her life.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3
Creon spares Ismene, determining death only for Antigone.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3

Creon Ismene

Only for her who acted. Thou art right.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3
Creon declares Antigone will not live to marry Haemon.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3

Creon Antigone Haemon

She will not live to be your wife on earth.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3
Haemon breaks from Creon in anger and declares he will not see him again.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3

Haemon Creon

Nor shalt thou ever see my face again Let those stay with you that can brook your rage!

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3
Antigone rejects Ismene's attempt to share responsibility for the burial.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3

Antigone Ismene

Who did the deed, the powers beneath can tell. I care not for lip-kindness from my kin.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3
Antigone and Ismene are confined inside the palace under guard.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 3

Antigone Ismene

These maids must have but woman's liberty And be mewed up

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 4
Creon orders Antigone sealed alive in a tomb, denying her the light of day.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 4

Creon Antigone

Away with her at once, and closing her, As I commanded, in the vaulty tomb, Leave her all desolate, whether to die, Or to live on in that sepulchral cell.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 4
Antigone is led away alive to her tomb before marriage or motherhood.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 4

Antigone

And now by servile hands, for all to see, He hastens me away, unhusbanded, Before my nuptial, having never known Or married joy or tender motherhood.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 4
Tiresias reveals that Thebes is polluted because Polynices remains unburied and Antigone is entombed alive.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Tiresias Creon Polynices Antigone

And this evil state Is come upon the city from thy will: Because our altars--yea, our sacred hearths-- Are everywhere infected from the mouths Of dogs or beak of vulture that hath fed On Oedipus' unhappy slaughtered son.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 4
Tiresias prophesies that Creon will lose a corpse from his own blood in recompense.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 4 · Not many courses of the racing sun

Tiresias Creon

Not many courses of the racing sun Shalt thou fulfil, ere of thine own true blood Thou shalt have given a corpse in recompense

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 4
Creon refuses to permit Polynices' burial despite Tiresias' warning.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 4

Creon Polynices

Yet know, Grey-beard! ye ne'er shall hide him in a tomb. No, not if heaven's own eagle chose to snatch And bear him to the throne supreme for food, Even that pollution should not daunt my heart To yield permission for his funeral.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5
Creon orders Antigone released and Polynices buried.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5

Creon Antigone Polynices

Go and release the maiden from the vault, And make a grave for the unburied dead.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5
Creon oversees the cleansing, burning, and burial of Polynices.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5

Creon Polynices

We besought Persephonè And Pluto gently to restrain their wrath, And wash'd him pure and clean, and then we burned The poor remains with brushwood freshly pulled, And heaped a lofty mound of his own earth Above him.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5
Antigone dies by hanging inside the vault.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5

Antigone

We saw the maiden hanging by the neck With noose of finest tissue firmly tied

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5
Haemon kills himself after finding Antigone dead.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5

Haemon Antigone

Wroth with himself, even where he stood, leant heavily Upon his sword and plunged it in his side.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5
Eurydice kills herself after hearing of Haemon's death and curses Creon.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5

Eurydice Haemon Megareus Creon

Wounding herself to the heart, when she had heard The loud lamented death of Haemon here.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5
Creon accepts responsibility for the deaths of Haemon and Eurydice.

Sophocles, Antigone — Scene 5

Creon Haemon Eurydice

I slew thee--I, O misery! I say the truth, 'twas I!

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1
The judges award Achilles' Hephaestus-made armour to Odysseus instead of the more valiant Aias.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1 · After the death of Achilles

Achilles Hephaestus Aias Odysseus

After the death of Achilles, the armour made for him by Hephaestus was to be given to the worthiest of the surviving Greeks. Although Aias was the most valiant, the judges made the award to Odysseus, because he was the wisest.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1
Aias attacks the Greek generals, but Athena drives him into madness and redirects his assault against livestock.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1 · to night

Aias Athena

Aias in his rage attempts to kill the generals; but Athena sends madness upon him, and he makes a raid upon the flocks and herds of the army, imagining the bulls and rams to be the Argive chiefs.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1
Aias's raid slaughters the army's flocks, herds, and herdsmen, and is attributed to him.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1 · Brief time hath flown since suddenly we knew

Aias Atreus Agamemnon Menelaus

Brief time hath flown since suddenly we knew / That all our gathered spoil was reaved and slaughtered, / Flocks, herds, and herdmen, by some human hand, / All tongues, then, lay this deed at Aias' door.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1
Aias recognizes that his madness has irrecoverably destroyed his honour and the Greeks' favour.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1 · On awakening from his delusion

Aias

On awakening from his delusion, he finds that he has fallen irrecoverably from honour and from the favour of the Greeks.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1
Aias eludes Tecmessa and his comrades, then falls on his sword and dies.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1

Aias Tecmessa Teucer

Under this impression he eludes the loving eyes of his captive-bride Tecmessa, and of his Salaminian comrades, and falls on his sword.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1
Teucer and Odysseus secure an honoured funeral for Aias despite the Atreids' opposition.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 1 · on the return of Teucer

Aias Teucer Odysseus Menelaus Agamemnon

on the return of Teucer, Aias receives an honoured funeral, the tyrannical reclamations of the two sons of Atreus being overcome by the firm fidelity of Teucer and the magnanimity of Odysseus

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 2
Madness seizes Aias and overwhelms his reason.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 2 · by night

Aias

Madness hath seized our lord by night And blasted him with hopeless blight.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 2
Aias drags in captured livestock and brutally slaughters them in his delusion.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 2 · This night

Aias

But he drags within, Tied in a throng, bulls, shepherd dogs, and spoil Of cattle and sheep. Anon he butchers them, Felling or piercing, hacking or tearing wide, Ribs from breast, limb from limb.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 2
Tecmessa reveals Aias’s night of violence and his worsening condition to his companions.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 2

Tecmessa Aias

And whither he was fallen I, dear my friends, Prevailed on through my fear, told all I knew.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 2
Aias’s frenzy ends, and remorse over the devastation he caused overtakes him.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 2 · now

Aias

And now that Reason's light returns, New sorrow in his spirit burns. For when we look on self made woe, In which no hand but ours had part, Thought of such griefs and whence they flow Brings aching misery to the heart.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 2
Aias wishes to kill Odysseus and then die.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 2

Aias Odysseus

O Zeus, might I but slay That crafty plague, with those twin-sceptred kings, Then breathe my life away!

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 3
Aias and Tecmessa became husband and bride.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 3 · the night

Aias Tecmessa

And by the sweetness of the night When from thy captive I became thy bride,

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 3
Aias resolves to die rather than continue living in dishonour.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 3 · from to-day

Aias

Honour in life or honour in the grave Befits the noble heart. You hear my will.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 3
Aias transfers his unpierceable shield to Eurysakes.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 3

Aias Eurysakes

But thou, named of the shield, Eurysakes, hold mine, the unpierceable Seven-hided buckler, and by the well stitched thong Grasp firm and wield it mightily.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 3
Aias entrusts Eurysakes to Teucer and commands him to take the boy to Telamon and Eriboea.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 3

Aias Teucer Eurysakes Telamon Eriboea

I leave in Teucer. He'll not fail, though now He follow far the chase upon his foes. My trusty warriors, people of the sea, Be this your charge, no less,--and bear to him My clear commandment, that he take this boy Home to my fatherland, and make him known To Telamon, and Eriboea too, My mother.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4
Aias resolves to bury Hector's sword and leave, concealing a deadly purpose.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4

Aias

I will find Same place untrodden, and digging of the soil Where none shall see, will bury this my sword, Weapon of hate! for Death and Night to hold Evermore underground.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4
Aias departs toward the country after declaring submission to divine and human authority.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4

Aias

I must go--whither I must go. Do ye But keep my word, and ye may learn, though now Be my dark hour, that all with me is well. [Exit towards the country.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4
Teucer is attacked and threatened with stoning by Argives because of Aias's madness and hostility.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4 · as he came

Teucer

For when they knew his motion from afar They swarmed around him, and with shouts of blame From each side one and all assaulted him As brother to the man who had gone mad And plotted 'gainst the host,--threatening aloud, Spite of his strength, he should be stoned, and die.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4
Calchas warns Teucer to keep Aias indoors, or Pallas will destroy him.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4 · this one day

Calchas Teucer Aias Athena

To keep beneath yon covert this one day Your hero, and not suffer him to rove, If he would see him any more alive. For through this present light--and ne'er again--- Holy Athena, so he said, will drive him Before her anger.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4
Calchas reveals that Aias's pride defied Telamon and Pallas, provoking Pallas' wrath.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4 · ere he left his father's door

Calchas Aias Telamon Athena

And Aias, ere he left his father's door, Made foolish answer to his prudent sire. 'My son,' said Telamon, 'choose victory Always, but victory with an aid from Heaven.' How loftily, how madly, he replied! 'Father, with heavenly help men nothing worth May win success. But I am confident Without the Gods to pluck this glory down.'

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4
Tecmessa leaves with Eurysakes to search for and save Aias before he dies.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 4 · now

Tecmessa Eurysakes Aias

Child, what shall I do? [Looking at EURYSAKES We must not stay. I too will fare along, go far as I have power. Come, let us go. Bestir ye! 'Tis no moment to sit still, If we would save him who now speeds to die.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5
Aias kills himself by falling onto the sword he planted in the ground.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Trojan soil]]

Aias

Henceforth my speech will be with souls unseen. [Falls on his sword]

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5
Tecmessa discovers Aias newly slain on his sword.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5

Tecmessa Aias

See where our Aias lies, but newly slain, Fallen on his sword concealed within the ground,

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5
Teucer learns that Aias is dead and uncovers his corpse.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5

Teucer Aias

Be sure of that, Teucer. He lives no more.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5
Teucer fears Telamon will exile him after Aias’s death.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5

Teucer Aias

Last, I shall leave my land a castaway, Thrust forth an exile, and proclaimed a slave;

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5
Aias attempted to attack and kill the Greek host, but divine intervention stopped him.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5 · by night

Aias

Who lay in wait for all the host by night, And sallied forth in arms to shed our blood;

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5
Hector died after Aias fastened his gift, a girdle, to a chariot.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Trojan earth]]

Hector Aias

Hector, whose gift from Aias was a girdle, Tight-braced therewith to the car's rim, was dragged And scarified till he breathed forth his life.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5
Menelaus orders that Aias’s body remain unburied and be left for birds.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5

Menelaus Aias

Wherefore no strength of man shall once avail To encase his body with a seemly tomb, But outcast on the wide and watery sand, He'll feed the birds that batten on the shore.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5
Menelaus threatens to prevent Aias’s burial by force.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 5

Menelaus Teucer Aias

And loudly bid thee bury him not, lest burying Thy brother thou be burrowing thine own grave.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 6
Menelaus refuses to permit burial for Aias.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 6

Menelaus Aias

No more, but this. No burial for this man!

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 6
Teucer vows to bury Aias despite Menelaus's prohibition.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 6

Teucer Aias

But I will bury Aias, whether thou Or the other general give consent or no.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 6
Teucer brings Tecmessa and Eurysakes to tend Aias's burial and orders Eurysakes to guard the corpse.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 6

Teucer Tecmessa Eurysakes Aias

Lo! where the hero's housemate and his child, Hitting the moment's need, appear at hand, To tend the burial of the ill fated dead.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 6
Teucer directs Eurysakes to embrace Aias and guard his father's corpse.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 6

Teucer Eurysakes Aias

Come, child, take thou thy station close beside: Kneel and embrace the author of thy life

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 7
Odysseus declares himself Teucer’s friend and offers assistance with Aias’s burial.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 7 · from this hour

Odysseus Teucer

And now let Teucer know that from this hour I am more his friend than I was once his foe, And fain would help him in this burial-rite And service to his brother

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 7
Teucer refuses Odysseus’s direct participation but accepts his offered assistance in the burial.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 7

Teucer Odysseus Aias

I fear to admit thy hand unto this rite, Lest we offend the spirit that is gone. But for the rest, I hail thy proffered aid; And bring whom else thou wilt, I'll ne'er resent it.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 7
Teucer orders the burial preparations for Aias to begin.

Sophocles, Aias — Scene 7 · the hour grows late

Teucer Aias

Speed we, for the hour grows late: Some to scoop his earthy cell, Others by the cauldron wait, Plenished from the purest well.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1
Laius receives an oracle that a son born to him by Jocasta will cause his death.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1

Laius Jocasta

Laius, the descendant of Cadmus, and king of Thebes (or Thebè), had been told by an oracle that if a son were born to him by his wife Jocasta the boy would be his father's death.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1
Oedipus is saved by a shepherd and becomes the adopted son of Polybus.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Corinth]] · When he grew up

Oedipus Polybus

But he was saved by a compassionate shepherd, and became the adopted son of Polybus, king of Corinth.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1
Apollo’s oracle tells Oedipus he will commit parricide and incest.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · When he grew up

Apollo Oedipus

He went to consult the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, and was told--not of his origin but of his destiny--that he should be guilty of parricide and incest.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1
Oedipus kills Laius during a quarrel without knowing Laius is his father.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1 · as he travelled the other way

Oedipus Laius

The travellers quarrelled and the son killed his father, but knew not whom he had slain.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1
Oedipus solves the Sphinx’s riddle and overcomes her.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · as he came near Thebes

Oedipus Sphinx

The Sphinx was making havoc of the noblest citizens, devouring all who failed to solve her riddle. But Oedipus succeeded and overcame her

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1
Oedipus receives the kingship and Jocasta’s hand after Laius disappears.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · as Laius did not return

Oedipus Jocasta

and, as Laius did not return, was rewarded with the regal sceptre,--and with the hand of the queen.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1
Apollo commands Thebes to expel or purge the murderer responsible for Laius’s death.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Delphi]] · this day

Apollo Creon

Sovereign Apollo clearly bids us drive Forth from this region an accursed thing (For such is fostered in the land and stains Our sacred clime), nor cherish it past cure.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1
Oedipus vows to discover Laius’s murderer and avenge the king’s death.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · this day

Oedipus Laius

But I will track this evil to the spring And clear it to the day.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2
Apollo declares the plague will end only after Laius’s murderers are found and punished.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Pytho]]

Apollo Oedipus Laius

Phoebus (albeit the messengers perchance Have told thee this) upon our sending sent This answer back, that no release might come From this disaster, till we sought and found And slew the murderers of king Laius, Or drave them exiles from our land.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2
Oedipus orders Laius’s murderer identified and promises freedom and rewards for whoever reveals the crime.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2

Oedipus Laius

Whoe'er among you knoweth the murderer Of Laius, son of royal Labdacus, Let him declare the deed in full to me.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2
Oedipus bans Laius’s murderer from homes, speech, sacrifices, and purification rites throughout the realm.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2

Oedipus Laius

I here prohibit all within this realm Whereof I wield the sceptre and sole sway, To admit the murderer, whosoe'er he be, Within their houses, or to speak with him, Or share with him in vow or sacrifice Or lustral rite.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2
Tiresias reveals that Oedipus is the murderer he seeks.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2

Tiresias Oedipus

I say thou art the murderer whom thou seekest.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2
Tiresias reveals that Oedipus unknowingly lives in incestuous union with his nearest kin.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2

Tiresias Oedipus

I tell thee thou art living unawares In shameful commerce with thy near'st of blood, Ignorant of the abyss wherein thou liest.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2
Tiresias foretells that Oedipus will be driven from the land under his parents’ curses.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Cithaeron]]

Tiresias Oedipus

And when thy father's and thy mother's curse With fearful tread shall drive thee from the land, On both sides lashing thee

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 3
Tiresias reveals that Oedipus is Laius's murderer and a true-born Theban.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · To-day

Tiresias Oedipus Laius

The man you seek With threatening proclamation of the guilt Of Laius' blood, that man is here to-day, An alien sojourner supposed from far, But by-and-by he shall be certified A true-born Theban

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 3
Tiresias prophesies Oedipus's incestuous kinship, parricide, blindness, exile, and destruction.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 3 · To-day

Tiresias Oedipus

Shown living with the children of his loins, Their brother and their sire, and to the womb That bare him, husband-son, and, to his father, Parricide and corrival. Now go in, Ponder my words

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 4
Laius received a prophecy that his son would kill him, so Jocasta exposed their infant child.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 4

Laius Jocasta Apollo Oedipus

The King should be destroyed by his own son, If son were born to him from me. What followed? Laius was slain, by robbers from abroad, Saith Rumour, in a cross-way! But the child Lived not three days, ere by my husband's hand His feet were locked, and he was cast and left By messengers on the waste mountain wold.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 4
Oedipus confessed killing Laius and his companions at the crossroads.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Phocis]] · When I drew near the cross-road of your tale

Oedipus Laius

When I drew near the cross-road of your tale, A herald, and a man upon a car, Like your description, there encountered me. And he who led the car, and he himself The greybeard, sought to thrust me from the path. Then in mine angry mood I sharply struck The driver-man who turned me from the way; Which when the elder saw, he watched for me As I passed by, and from the chariot-seat Smote full upon my head with the fork'd goad; But got more than he gave; for, by a blow From this right hand, smit with my staff, he fell Instantly rolled out of the car supine. I slew them every one.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 5
Polybus dies, ending his reign in Corinth.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 5

Polybus

No. Death confines him in a kingly grave.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 5
Oedipus learns Polybus’s death was not caused by him, apparently disproving the prophecy.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 5

Oedipus Polybus

Who now lies slain by Fortune, not by him.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 5
Oedipus learns Polybus was not his biological father but adopted him as a foundling.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 5

Oedipus Polybus

Because with Polybus thou hast no kin. OED. Why? Was not he the author of my life? COR. SH. As much as I am, and no more than I. OED. How can my father be no more to me Than who is nothing? COR. SH. In begetting thee Nor I nor he had any part at all. OED. Why then did he declare me for his son? COR. SH. Because he took thee once a gift from me.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 5
Oedipus resolves to continue investigating his birth despite Jocasta’s warnings.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 5

Oedipus

I cannot hear you. I must know this through.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 5
Jocasta implores Oedipus to stop investigating his birth, then exits in horror.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 5

Jocasta Oedipus

O horrible! O lost one! This alone I speak to thee, and no word more for ever. [Exit]

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6
The shepherd reveals that Oedipus was given out as Laius' son.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6

Oedipus Laius

The child was of the stock of Laius.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6
The shepherd reveals that Jocasta gave the infant Oedipus to be destroyed.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6

Jocasta Oedipus

With what commission? THEB. SH. I was to destroy him.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6
Oedipus recognizes that the prophecy is fulfilled and that he killed Laius.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6

Oedipus Laius

Oh may I nevermore behold the day, Since proved accursèd in my parentage, In those I live with, and in him I slew!

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6
The incestuous marriage between Oedipus and Jocasta is publicly revealed.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6

Oedipus Jocasta

In hideous wedlock husband, son, and sire.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6
Jocasta hangs herself after realizing the truth about her marriage and children.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6 · 📍 [[bridal room]]

Jocasta

Where high suspended we beheld the queen, In twisted cordage resolutely swung.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6
Oedipus blinds himself with Jocasta's garment pins.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 6 · 📍 [[bridal room]]

Oedipus

And, lifting, smote his eyeballs to the root,

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7
Oedipus blinds himself after Apollo brings his calamity to pass.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7

Oedipus

But I,--no being else,--I with this hand destroyed them.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7
Creon becomes regent in Oedipus’s place.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7

Creon Oedipus

Creon comes, who now / Is regent o'er this people in thy room.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7
Oedipus asks Creon to exile him from the land.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7

Oedipus Creon

Fling me with speediest swiftness from the land, / Where nevermore I may converse with men.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7
Creon postpones Oedipus’s exile until Apollo’s will is consulted.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7

Creon Oedipus Apollo

Doubt not I would have done it, but the God / Must be inquired of, ere we act herein.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7
Creon brings Oedipus’s children to him, restoring their meeting.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7

Creon Oedipus

For I knew the joy / Thou ever hadst in this, thy comfort now.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7
Oedipus yields to confinement despite his reluctance.

Sophocles, King Oedipus — Scene 7

Oedipus Creon

I must yield, though sore against me.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1
Clytemnestra and Aegisthus murdered Agamemnon after his return from Troy.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1

Agamemnon Clytemnestra Aegisthus

Agamemnon on his return from Troy, had been murdered by his wife Clytemnestra and her paramour Aegisthus

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1
Aegisthus usurped the Mycenean throne.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Mycenae]]

Aegisthus

who had usurped the Mycenean throne.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1
Electra rescued Orestes and sent him into Phocis for safety.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Phocis]] · then a child

Orestes Electra

Orestes, then a child, had been rescued by his sister Electra, and sent into Phocis

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1
Strophius received Orestes in Phocis and raised him as his father's friend.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Phocis]]

Orestes Strophius

Orestes had been received in Phocis by Strophius, his father's friend.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1
Orestes returned to Mycenae accompanied by Pylades and prepared to avenge his father.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Mycenae]] · now

Orestes Pylades

The son of Agamemnon now returns, being of a full age, accompanied by this same attendant and his friend Pylades, with whom he has already concerted a plan for taking vengeance on his father's murderers

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1
Phoebus commanded Orestes to use cunning to punish his father's murderers.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1

Orestes Apollo

Had word from Phoebus which you straight shall hear: 'No shielded host, but thine own craft, O King! The righteous death-blow to thine arm shall bring.'

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1
Orestes planned to have the palace believe he died in a chariot accident.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Phocis]]

Orestes

And let thy tale be that another land, Phocis, hath sent thee forth, and Phanoteus, Than whom they have no mightier help in war. Then, prefaced with an oath, declare thy news, Orestes' death by dire mischance, down-rolled From wheel-borne chariot in the Pythian course.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 2
Electra rescued Orestes from the sword, preventing his death.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 2

Electra Orestes

I paused not in his rescue from the sword.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 2
Electra is threatened with exile and confinement in a rock-hewn chamber.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 2 · when Aegisthus comes again

Electra Aegisthus

If thou persist In these thy wailings, they will send thee far From thine own land, and close thee from the day, Where in a rock-hewn chamber thou may'st chant Thine evil orisons in darkness drear.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 2
Chrysothemis is sent to Agamemnon's tomb to pour libations.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 2

Chrysothemis

Sent by my mother to my father's tomb To pour libations to him.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 2
Chrysothemis reveals a dream foretelling a power rising over Aegisthus's rule in Mycenae.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Mycenae]] · by night

Chrysothemis Aegisthus

Then take and firmly plant upon the hearth The sceptre which he bore of old, and now Aegisthus bears: and out of this upsprang A burgeoned shoot, that shadowed all the ground Of loved Mycenae.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 2
Electra rejects their mother's offerings and directs Chrysothemis to give substitute offerings at the tomb.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 2

Electra Chrysothemis

Then cast them to the winds, or deep in dust Conceal them, where no particle may reach His resting-place: but lie in store for her When she goes underground.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 3
Myrtilus dies after being hurled from Pelops' chariot.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 3

Myrtilus Pelops

Since, from the golden oar Hurled to the deep afar, Myrtilus sank and slept, Cruelly plucked from that fell chariot-floor,

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 3
Clytemnestra confesses killing Electra's father.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 3

Clytemnestra

Still holding forth thy father's death, that I Have done it. So I did: I know it well:

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 3
Leto halts the Achaean army at Aulis, requiring a human sacrifice.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Leto

Wherefore Latona's daughter in fell wrath Stayed the army, that in quittance for the deer My sire should slay at the altar his own child.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4
Clytemnestra believes Orestes dead and feels freed from fear of him and Electra.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4 · this day

Clytemnestra Orestes Electra

But this day's chance hath freed me from all fear Of him, and of this maid

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4
Chrysothemis believes Orestes has returned after finding offerings and a lock of hair at Agamemnon's tomb.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4

Chrysothemis Orestes

Here is Orestes, learn it from my mouth, As certainly as you now look on me.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4
Electra tells Chrysothemis that Orestes is dead, destroying her hopes of salvation through him.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4

Electra Chrysothemis Orestes

Dear, he is dead. Look not to him, poor girl! Salvation comes to thee no more from him.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4
Electra proposes that she and Chrysothemis kill Aegisthus to avenge their father's death.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4

Electra Chrysothemis Aegisthus

To help thy sister boldly to destroy The guilty author of our father's death, Aegisthus.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4
Chrysothemis refuses to join Electra's plan, warning that resistance will bring certain ruin.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4

Chrysothemis Electra

And I beseech thee, ere in utter ruin We perish and make desolate our race, Refrain thy rage.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4
After Chrysothemis refuses, Electra declares she will undertake the vengeance alone.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 4

Electra Aegisthus

I, all alone and with a single hand, Must do this. For it shall not rest undone.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 5
Orestes arrives disguised as a Phocian, carrying an urn and reporting his own supposed death.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Aegisthus' dwelling]]

Orestes

Bearing scant remnants of his body dead In this small vase thou seest, we bring them home.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 5
Orestes reveals that he lives and identifies himself to Electra with their father's signet.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 5

Electra Orestes

Doth he yet live? OR. If I have life in me. EL. Art thou Orestes? OR. Let my signet here, That was our father's, tell thine eyes, I am.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 5
Electra recognizes Orestes as alive and celebrates his return after the false death report.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 5

Electra Orestes

Ye see Orestes, dead in craft, but now By that same craft delivered and preserved.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 5
Orestes instructs Electra to conceal his return while they prepare to overwhelm their enemies.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Aegisthus' dwelling]] · to-day

Electra Orestes Aegisthus

Such talk might stifle opportunity. But teach me, as befits the present need, What place may serve by lurking vigilance Or sudden apparition to o'erwhelm Our foes in the adventure of to-day.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 6
Orestes and Pylades enter the palace to carry out their revenge plot.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 6 · 📍 [[palace]] · now

Orestes Pylades

OR. Then, Pylades, we need no more to dwell On words, but enter on this act with speed, First worshipping the holy shrines o' the Gods That were my father's, harboured at the gate. [They pass within.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 6
Orestes kills Clytemnestra, whose body is subsequently displayed beneath a veil.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 6 · 📍 [[palace]] · to-day

Clytemnestra Orestes

CLY. (within). Oh, I am smitten! EL. Give a second stroke, If thou hast power. CLY. (within). Oh me! again, again! EL. Would thou wert shrieking for Aegisthus too! ... The body of CLYTEMNESTRA is disclosed under a veil: ORESTES standing by

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 6
Aegisthus recognizes Orestes alive and realizes the reported death was a deception.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 6 · 📍 [[palace]]

Aegisthus Orestes

AEG. Who are the men into whose midmost toils All hapless I am fallen? OR. Ha! knowest thou not Thou hast been taking living men for dead? AEG. I understand that saying. Woe is me! I know, Orestes' voice addresseth me.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 6
Orestes sentences Aegisthus to die where he killed Agamemnon.

Sophocles, Electra — Scene 6

Orestes Aegisthus

OR. Command not! Enter, and in the place where ye cut down My father, thou shalt yield thy life to me.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1
Heracles defeated Achelous and married Deianira.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Pleuron]]

Heracles Achelous Deianira

For a river-god, Swift Achelôüs, was my suitor there And sought me from my father in three forms; Now in his own bull-likeness, now a serpent Of coiling sheen, and now with manlike build But bovine front, while from the shadowy beard Sprang fountain-waters in perpetual spray. Looking for such a husband, I, poor girl! Still prayed that Death might find me, ere I knew That nuptial.--Later, to my glad relief, Zeus' and Alcmena's glorious offspring came, And closed with him in conflict, and released My heart from torment. How the fight was won I could not tell. If any were who saw Unshaken of dread foreboding, such may speak. But I sate quailing with an anguished fear, Lest beauty might procure me nought but pain, Till He that rules the issue of all strife, Gave fortunate end--if fortunate! For since, Assigned by that day's conquest, I have known The couch of Heracles

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1
Heracles defeated Iphitus, after which he and Deianira lived in exile at Trachis.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Trachis]]

Heracles Iphitus Deianira

For since he quelled the might of Iphitus, We here in Trachis dwell, far from our home, Dependent on a stranger

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1
Heracles was enslaved to a Lydian girl, then became free.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1 · this past year

Heracles

'Tis said that through the length of this past year He wrought as bondman to a Lydian girl. DÊ. Hath he borne that? Then nothing can be strange! HYL. Well, that is over, I am told. He is free.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1
Heracles's scroll revealed inheritance provisions and a prophecy of death or prosperity.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1 · when fifteen moons were spent

Heracles Deianira

When my great husband parted last from home, He left within the house an ancient scroll Inscribed with characters of mystic note, Which Heracles had never heretofore, In former labours, cared to let me see,-- As bound for bright achievement, not for death. But now, as though his life had end, he told What marriage-portion I must keep, what shares He left his sons out of their father's ground: And set a time, when fifteen moons were spent, Counted from his departure, that even then Or he must die, or if that date were out And he had run beyond it, he should live Thenceforth a painless and untroubled life.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1
Hyllus departed to investigate Heracles's fate.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1

Hyllus Heracles

I will go, mother. Had I heard this voice Of prophecy, long since I had been there. Fear is unwonted for our father's lot. But now I know, my strength shall all be spent To learn the course of these affairs in full. DÊ. Go then, my son. Though late, to learn and do What wisdom bids, hath certainty of gain. [Exit HYLLUS.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1
Heracles sacked Oechalia and sent Iole ahead as his espoused bride.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Oechalia]] · when Heracles was returning from his last exploit

Heracles Iole

when Heracles was returning from his last exploit of sacking Oechalia, in Euboea, he sent before him, by his herald Lichas, Iole, the king's daughter, whom he had espoused.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1
A messenger announced that Heracles was alive and victorious.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 1

Heracles

Alcmena's child Is living, be assured, and triumphing, And bringing to our Gods the fruits of war.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2
Heracles killed Iphitus by throwing him from the tower-crowned cliff.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Tirynthian height]]

Heracles Iphitus

When Iphitus to the Tirynthian height Followed the track where his brood-mares had strayed, He, while the thought and eye of the man by chance Were sundered, threw him from the tower-crowned cliff.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2
Heracles was sold into bondage among the Lydians and served Omphale for a year.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2

Heracles Omphale

The greater while he was detained Among the Lydians, sold, as he declares, To bondage. Nor be jealous of the word, Since Heaven, my Queen, was author of the deed. Enthrallèd so to Asian Omphalè, He, as himself avers, fulfilled his year.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2
Heracles killed Eurytus and sacked Oechalia after attacking the city.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Oechalia]]

Heracles Eurytus

He framed erelong A feud about some trifle, and set forth In arms against this damsel's fatherland (Where Eurytus, the herald said, was king) And slew the chief her father; yea, and sacked Their city.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2
Heracles sent Iole and other captive women to his halls after Oechalia fell.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2

Heracles Iole Lichas

He took them for the service of the Gods And his own house, when high Oechalia fell.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2
Heracles brought Iole home because he desired her, presenting her as a captive rather than a slave.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2

Heracles Iole

Now returning, as you see, He sends her hither to his halls, no slave, Nor unregarded, lady,--dream not so! Since all his heart is kindled with desire.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2
Deianira learned that the captive woman was Iole, daughter of Eurytus, and Heracles’ new love.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 2

Deianira Iole Heracles Eurytus

Called in her day of freedom Iolè, Eurytus' daughter,--of whose parentage, Forsooth as ignorant, he ne'er would speak.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3
Lichas reveals that Heracles conquered Oechalia because of a maiden’s love.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Oechalia]]

Lichas Deianira Heracles

It is as he avers. This maiden's love, Piercing through Heracles, was the sole cause, Why her Oechalia, land of plenteous woe, Was made the conquest of his spear.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3
Heracles sends a captive maiden to Deianeira’s household, creating a rival domestic arrangement.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3

Heracles Deianira

For I have taken to my hearth a maid,-- And yet, methinks, no maiden any more, Like some fond shipmaster, taking on board A cargo fraught with treason to my heart.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3
Heracles defeats Achelous and wins Deianeira as his bride.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Acarnania]]

Heracles Deianira Achelous

But the tender fair one far away Sate watching with an eye of piteous cheer (A mother's heart will heed the thing I say,) Till won by him who freed her from her fear. Sudden she leaves her mother's gentle side, Borne through the waste, our hero's tender bride.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3
Heracles kills Nessus after the Centaur assaults Deianeira while ferrying her across Evenus.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Evenus]] · when with Heracles, a new-made bride

Heracles Nessus

And I cried out; and he, Zeus' son, turned suddenly, and from his bow Sent a wing'd shaft, that whizzed into his chest To the lungs.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3
Nessus gives Deianeira his clotted blood as a charm to preserve Heracles’ love.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Evenus]] · with dying voice

Nessus Deianira

With a careful hand Collect and bear away the clotted gore That clogs my wound, e'en where the monster snake Had dyed the arrow with dark tinct of gall; And thou shalt have this as a charm of soul For Heracles, that never through the eye Shall he receive another love than thine.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3
Deianeira applies Nessus’s blood charm to a robe intended for Heracles.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3

Deianira Heracles

Whereof bethinking me, for since his death I kept it in a closet locked with care, I have applied it to this robe, with such Addition as his living voice ordained.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3
Deianeira entrusts Lichas with the enchanted robe to deliver to Heracles.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 3

Deianira Lichas Heracles

That thou shouldst take for me this finewoven web, A present from these fingers to my lord.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4
The wool used to apply the ointment self-consumes, revealing the gift’s destructive power.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4 · to-day

Deianira

For, as it happened, I had tossed aside The bit of wool I worked with, carelessly, Into the open daylight, 'mid the blaze Of Helios' beam. And, as it kindled warm, It fell away to nothing, crumbled small,

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4
Deianira realizes Nessus deceived her to destroy Heracles, his slayer.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4 · Too late

Nessus Deianira Heracles

For wherefore should the Centaur, for what end, Show kindness to the cause for whom he died? That cannot be. But seeking to destroy His slayer, he cajoled me. This I learn Too late, by sad experience, for no good.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4
Lichas delivers Deianira’s fatal robe, and Heracles puts it on during sacrifice.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Cenaeum]] · When after sacking Eurytus' great city

Lichas Deianira Heracles

The herald Lichas Arrived from home, bearing thy fatal gift, The deadly robe: wherewith invested straight, As thou hadst given charge, he sacrificed The firstlings of the spoil, twelve bulls entire,

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4
Heracles, poisoned by the robe, seizes Lichas and hurls him onto a reef.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Cenaeum]] · Then

Heracles Lichas

He, all-unknowing, in an evil hour Declared his message, that the gift was thine. Whereat the hero, while the shooting spasm Had fastened on the lungs, seized him by the foot Where the ankle turns i' the socket, and, with a thought, Hurl'd on a surf-vex'd reef that showed i' the sea:

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4
Heracles commands Hyllus to carry him away from the scene of his agony.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Cenaeum]] · Presently

Heracles Hyllus

'O son, come near; fly not from my distress, Though thou shouldst be consumèd in my death, But lift and bear me forth; and, if thou mayest, Set me where no one of mankind shall see me.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4
Hyllus accuses Deianira of causing Heracles’ death.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 4 · this day

Hyllus Deianira Heracles

I tell thee thou this day hast been the death Of him that was thy husband and my sire.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 5
The Queen kills herself with a sword, leaving Heracles and Hyllus devastated.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 5 · Even now

Heracles Hyllus

Our Queen hath found her latest journey's end. Even now she is gone, without the help of feet. CH. Not dead? NUR. You know the whole. CH. Dead! hapless Queen! NUR. The truth hath twice been told. CH. O tell us how! What was her death, poor victim of dire woe? NUR. Most ruthless was the deed. CH. Say, woman, say! What was the sudden end? NUR. Herself she slew.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 5
Hyllus realizes his angry accusation helped cause the Queen's death, while the Centaur's deception was responsible.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 5

Hyllus

For now the hapless youth Knew that himself had done this in his wrath, Told all too late i' the house, how she had wrought Most innocently, from the Centaur's wit. So now the unhappy one, with passionate words And cries and wild embracings of the dead, Groaned forth that he had slain her with false breath Of evil accusation, and was left Orphaned of both, his mother and his sire.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 5
Heracles is brought in on a litter, suffering recurring, uncontrollable pain.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 5

Heracles Hyllus

Dead, or at rest in sleep? What shall I say? [HERACLES is brought in on a litter, accompanied by HYLLUS and an Old Man

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 5
The poisoned garment consumes Heracles's flesh and vital channels, leaving him unable to escape its torment.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 5

Heracles

For, glued unto my side, it hath devoured My flesh to the bone, and lodging in the lungs It drains the vital channels, and hath drunk The fresh life-blood, and ruins all my frame, Foiled in the tangle of a viewless bond.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6
Hyllus reveals that his mother has died by her own hand.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6 · even now

Hyllus Heracles

She is dead even now with new-given wound.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6
Heracles learns that Nessus prompted his mother to use a charm to restore his love.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6 · Long since

Heracles Nessus

Long since the Centaur Nessus moved her mind To work this charm for heightening thy desire.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6
Heracles commands Hyllus to burn his body on a funeral pyre.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Oeta's topmost height]]

Heracles Hyllus

lay me on the gathered pile, And burn all with the touch of pine-wood flame.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6
Heracles proposes that Hyllus marry Iole after his death.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6 · When I am dead

Heracles Hyllus Iole

When I am dead, if thou wouldst show thy duty, Think of thine oath to me, and, on my word, Make her thy wife

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6
Hyllus accepts Heracles's command to marry Iole.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6

Heracles Hyllus Iole

Then I will do it, for the act is thine. I will not cast it off.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6
Hyllus agrees to carry Heracles to the pyre as commanded.

Sophocles, The Trachinian Maidens — Scene 6 · 📍 [[the pyre]]

Heracles Hyllus

Since thy command is urgent, O my sire! We tarry not, but bear thee to the pyre.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 1
Odysseus cast the wounded Philoctetes away on Lemnos after the army rejected him.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Lemnos]]

Odysseus Philoctetes

Now Philoctetes had been rejected by the army because of a trouble in his foot, which made his presence with them insufferable; and had been cast away by Odysseus on the island of Lemnos.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 1
Odysseus undertook to bring Philoctetes back and recruited Neoptolemus for the mission.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 1

Odysseus Neoptolemus Philoctetes

But when the decree of fate was revealed by prophecy, Odysseus undertook to bring Philoctetes back, and took with him Neoptolemus, whose ambition could only be gratified through the return of Philoctetes with the bow.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 1
Neoptolemus initially refuses Odysseus’s command to deceive Philoctetes.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 1

Odysseus Neoptolemus Philoctetes

The thing that, being named, revolts mine ear, Son of Laërtes, I abhor to do 'Tis not my nature, no, nor, as they tell, My father's, to work aught by craft and guile.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 1
Neoptolemus abandons his scruples and agrees to deceive Philoctetes.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 1

Odysseus Neoptolemus Philoctetes

Shame, to the winds! Come, I will do this thing.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 2
Philoctetes is cast out and abandoned on Lemnos by Odysseus and the Greek commanders.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Lemnos]]

Philoctetes Odysseus

Such deeds, my son, the Atridae, and the might Of sage Odysseus, have performed on me.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 2
Philoctetes is afflicted with a desperate wound caused by a basilisk’s tooth.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 2

Philoctetes

Whom the two generals and the Ithacan king Cast out thus shamefully forlorn, afflicted With the fierce malady and desperate wound Made by the cruel basilisk's murderous tooth.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 2
Achilles is killed by Phoebus’ shaft.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 2

Achilles Apollo

Is Peleus' offspring dead? NEO. Alas! he is, Slain by no mortal, felled by Phoebus' shaft: So men reported--

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 2
Odysseus fetches Neoptolemus to join the campaign intended to capture Troy.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 2

Odysseus Neoptolemus

There came to fetch me, in a gallant ship, Odysseus and the fosterer of my sire, Saying, whether soothly, or in idle show, That, since my father perished, it was known None else but I should take Troy's citadel.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 2
Odysseus takes Achilles’ armor, denying Neoptolemus his paternal heirloom.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Sigeum]] · on the second

Neoptolemus Achilles Odysseus

To obtain my father's armour and all else That had been his. And then,--alas the while, That men should be so hard!--they spake this word: 'Seed of Achilles, thou may'st freely take All else thy father owned, but for those arms, Another wields them now, Laërtes' son.' Tears rushed into mine eyes, and in hot wrath I straightway rose, and bitterly outspake: 'O miscreant! What? And have ye dared to give Mine arms to some man else, unknown to me?' Then said Odysseus, for he chanced to be near, 'Yea, child, and justly have they given me these. I saved them and their master in the field.'

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3
Aias is dead.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3

Aias

This moves not my main marvel, but if one Saw this and bore it,--Aias of the shield. NEO. Ah, friend, he was no more. Had he but lived, This robbery had ne'er been wrought on me. PHI. What? Is he too departed? NEO. He is dead. The light no more beholds him.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3
Antilochus has died, leaving Nestor in distress.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3 · now

Antilochus Nestor

And Nestor, my old friend, good aged man, Is he yet living? Oft he would prevent Their evils, by the wisdom of his thought. NEO. He too is now in trouble, having lost Antilochus, the comfort of his age.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3
Patroclus has died; Neoptolemus reports his death to Philoctetes.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3

Patroclus Achilles Neoptolemus

Tell me, I pray, what was become of him, Patroclus, whom thy father loved so well? NEO. He, too, was gone.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3
Neoptolemus agrees to take Philoctetes aboard and sail him from Lemnos.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Lemnos isle]]

Neoptolemus Philoctetes

Then sure 'twere shame, should I more backward prove Than thou, to labour for the stranger's need. Come, if thou wilt, let us make voyage, and he, Let him set forth with speed. Our ship shall take him. He shall not be refused.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3
Phoenix, Acamas, and Demophon pursue Neoptolemus with ships and men.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3 · now

Phoenix Acamas Demophon Neoptolemus

Old Phoenix, Acamas and Demophon Are gone in thy pursuit with ships and men.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3
Diomedes and Odysseus set out under oath to bring Philoctetes back by force if persuasion fails.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3

Diomedes Odysseus Philoctetes

These two men whom I have named, Diomedes and Odysseus, are set forth Engaged on oath to bring this man by force If reasons fail.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3
Odysseus captured Helenus, whose prophecy required bringing Philoctetes from Lemnos to sack Troy.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Lemnos isle]] · One night

Odysseus Helenus Philoctetes

There was a princely seer, A son of Priam, Helenus by name, Whom he for whom no word is bad enough, Crafty Odysseus, sallying forth alone One night, had taken, and in bonds displayed 'Fore all the Achaeans, a right noble prey. He, 'mid his other prophecies, foretold No Grecian force should sack Troy's citadel, Till with fair reasons they had brought this man From Lemnos isle, his lonely dwelling-place.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 4
Philoctetes entrusts his bow to Neoptolemus during the attack of his pain.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 4 · 📍 [[cave]]

Philoctetes Neoptolemus

Nay, but receiving from my hand the bow, As late thou didst desire me, keep it safe And guard it, till the fury of my pain Pass over me and cease.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 4
Philoctetes suffers a renewed, incapacitating attack of his wound.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 4 · 📍 [[cave]]

Philoctetes Neoptolemus

O! thou knowest, my son! NEO. I know not. PHI. How? Not know? Ah me! Pain, pain!

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 4
Neoptolemus pledges to remain with Philoctetes and not abandon him.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 4 · 📍 [[cave]]

Philoctetes Neoptolemus

NEO. Fear nought. We will not stir. PHI. Wilt thou remain? NEO. Be sure of it.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5
Neoptolemus reveals that Philoctetes must sail to Troy and join the Achaean host.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Neoptolemus Philoctetes

Here I unveil it. Thou art to sail to Troy, To join the chieftains and the Achaean host.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5
Neoptolemus admits he will take Philoctetes to Troy after curing his plague.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5

Neoptolemus Philoctetes

First to release thee from this plague, and then With thee to go and take the realm of Troy.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5
Philoctetes recognizes Neoptolemus's betrayal and demands his bow, but Neoptolemus refuses to return it.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5

Neoptolemus Philoctetes

Me miserable! I am betrayed, undone! What guile is here? My bow! give back my bow! NEO. I may not. Interest, and duty too, Force me to obey commandment.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5
Odysseus admits kidnapping Philoctetes and stealing his bow, then orders him forced aboard.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5

Odysseus Philoctetes

Yea. I deny it not. Be sure, 'twas I. PHI. Give back, my son, the bow; release it! OD. That, Though he desire it, he shall never do. Thou too shalt march along, or these shall force thee.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5
Odysseus releases Philoctetes, deciding the bow is sufficient and leaving him free on the barren island.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5

Odysseus Philoctetes

Unhand him there. Let go! Leave him to stay. What further use of thee, When we have ta'en these arms? Have we not Teucer, Skilled in this mystery? Yea, I may boast Myself thine equal both in strength and aim To wield them. Fare thee well, then! Thou art free To roam thy barren isle.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5
Neoptolemus postpones departure and stays with Philoctetes to pray and await a favorable thought.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 5

Neoptolemus Philoctetes

But go not yet, since our friend bids you stay. Till we have prayed, and all be ready on board. Meanwhile, perchance, he may conceive some thought That favours our design.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 6
Neoptolemus confesses that he obtained Philoctetes’ weapons through sinful means and resolves to return them.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 6 · to-day

Neoptolemus Philoctetes

From whom I took these weapons, back again---- OD. O Heaven! thou wilt not give them! Mean'st thou this? NEO. Yea, for I have them through base sinful means.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 6
Neoptolemus returns Philoctetes’ bow, restoring him as its sole master.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 6

Neoptolemus Philoctetes

The deed shall prove it. Only reach thy hand, And be again sole master of thy bow.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 6
Philoctetes firmly refuses Neoptolemus’ request to leave his cave and sail with the Greeks.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 6

Philoctetes Neoptolemus

Thou art so resolved? PHI. More firmly than I say.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 6
Odysseus declares that he will force Philoctetes to the Trojan plain.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Trojan plain]]

Odysseus Philoctetes

Ay, and thou behold'st him nigh, And he shall force thee to the Trojan plain, Howe'er Achilles' offspring make or mar.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 6
Neoptolemus reveals that Philoctetes must willingly go to Troia for healing and Troy’s capture.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Troia's plain]] · ere harvest time This year

Neoptolemus Philoctetes

And from this plague thou ne'er shall find reprieve While the same Sun god rears him from the east And droops to west again, till thou be come Of thine own willing mind to Troia's plain, Where our physicians, sons of Phoebus' child, Shall soothe thee from thy sore, and thou with me And with this bow shalt take Troy's citadel.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 7
Heracles commands Philoctetes and Neoptolemus to sail to Troy instead of returning home.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Troy]] · to-day

Heracles Philoctetes Neoptolemus

First, son of Poeas, wait till thou hast heard The voice of Heracles, and weighed his word. Him thou beholdest from the Heavenly seat Come down, for thee leaving the blest retreat, To tell thee all high Zeus intends, and stay Thy purpose in the journey of to-day.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 7
Heracles reveals that Philoctetes will be healed and conquer Troy with Heracles' bow.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Heracles Philoctetes

Sailing with this thy comrade to Troy-town, First thou shalt heal thee from thy grievous sore, And then, being singled forth from all the host As noblest, thou shalt conquer with that bow Paris, prime author of these years of harm, And capture Troy

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 7
Heracles announces that Asclepius will go to Troy to relieve Philoctetes' pain.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Troy]] · now

Heracles Asclepius Philoctetes

Guard thou him, and he thee! and I will send Asclepius Troyward to relieve thy pain.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 7
Philoctetes and Neoptolemus accept Heracles' command and prepare to depart for Troy.

Sophocles, Philoctetes — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Lemnos]] · at once

Philoctetes Neoptolemus

HER. Lose no time: at once depart! Bright occasion and fair wind Urge your vessel from behind. PHI. Come, let me bless the region ere I go.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1
Creon banished Oedipus with the consent of his sons.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · afterwards

Oedipus Creon Eteocles Polynices

But he was afterwards banished by the command of Creon, with the consent of his own sons.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1
Eteocles persuaded Creon and the citizens to banish Polynices.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · by-and-by

Eteocles Creon Polynices

But by-and-by ambition prevailed with Eteocles, the younger-born, and he persuaded Creon and the citizens to banish his elder brother.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1
Polynices took refuge at Argos and married Adrastus’s daughter.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1 · 📍 Argos

Polynices

Polynices took refuge at Argos, where he married the daughter of Adrastus

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1
Polynices levied an army to support his claim to Thebes’s throne.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1 · 📍 Argos

Polynices

and levied an army of auxiliaries to support his pretensions to the throne of Thebes.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1
Antigone fled to join Oedipus and support him in his wanderings.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1 · after a while

Antigone Oedipus

Antigone after a while fled forth to join her father and support him in his wanderings.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1
The Delphian oracle proclaimed that Oedipus’s death abroad would doom Thebes to its enemies.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1 · Years have now elapsed

Oedipus

Years have now elapsed, and the Delphian oracle proclaims that if Oedipus dies in a foreign land the enemies of Thebes shall overcome her.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1
Theseus received Oedipus under Athens’s protection and defended him against Creon.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Theseus Oedipus Creon

Oedipus is received with princely magnanimity by Theseus, who takes him under the protection of Athens, and defends him against the machinations of Creon.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1
Oedipus mysteriously passed away from human sight.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 1 · Then

Oedipus

Then the man of many sorrows, whose essential nobleness has survived them all, passes away mysteriously from the sight of men.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2
Oedipus reveals that he is the son of Laius and descendant of Labdacus.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2

Oedipus

Know ye of one Begotten of Laius? CH. Horror! Horror! Oh! OED. Derived from Labdacus? CH. O Heaven! OED. Fate-wearied Oedipus? CH. Art thou he?

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2
The chorus orders Oedipus to leave the sacred grove and threatens expulsion from the land.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2

Oedipus

Away! Go forth. Leave ye the land. Begone!

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2
The chorus agrees that Athens's ruler will decide whether Oedipus may remain under protection.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Oedipus

Therefore we are content The Lord of Athens shall decide this case.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2
Ismene arrives and reunites with Oedipus and Antigone after searching for them.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2

Oedipus Antigone Ismene

Father and sister!--names for ever dear! Hard hath it been to find you, yea, and hard I feel it now to look on you for grief.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2
Eteocles dethrones and banishes Polynices, seizing the sovereignty of Thebes.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2

Eteocles Polynices

Eteocles, in pride of younger years, Robbed elder Polynices of his right, Dethroned and banished him.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2
Polynices goes into exile at Argos and secures an alliance through intermarriage.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2 · 📍 Argos

Polynices

To Argos then Goes exiled Polynices, and obtains Through intermarriage a strong favouring league

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2
An oracle declares that Eteocles and Polynices will seek Oedipus alive or dead to save Thebes.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 2

Oedipus Eteocles Polynices

That they shall seek thee forth, alive or dead, To bring salvation to the Theban race.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3
Ismene reveals that Creon intends to place Oedipus near Thebes under Theban control.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · ere many an hour be spent

Ismene Creon Oedipus

'Tis said their victory depends on thee. OED. When shrunk to nothing, am I indeed a man? ISM. Yea, for the Gods uphold thee, who then destroyed. OED. Poor work, to uphold in age who falls when young! ISM. Know howsoe'er that Creon will be here For this same end, ere many an hour be spent. OED. For what end, daughter? Tell me in plain speech. ISM. To set thee near their land, that thou may'st be Beyond their borders, but within their power.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3
Ismene reports that Phoebus’s oracle is known to Oedipus’s sons, who pursue the throne.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Delphi's holy shrine]]

Ismene Oedipus Apollo

Sworn messengers Brought such report from Delphi's holy shrine. OED. Hath Phoebus so pronounced my destiny? ISM. So they declare who brought the answer back. OED. Did my sons hear? ISM. They know it, both of them.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3
Oedipus discloses the hidden birth doom shared by Antigone and Ismene.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3

Oedipus Antigone Ismene

OED. The travail of one womb Hath gendered all you see, one mother, one dark doom. CH. How? Are they both thy race, and-- II 1 OED. Sister branches too, Nursed at the self-same place with him from whom they grew.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3
Oedipus reveals that he killed Laius unknowingly and claims divine law frees him from guilt.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3

Oedipus Laius

CH. But, hapless, didst thou slay-- II 2 OED. What seek ye more to know? CH. Thy father? OED. O dismay! Ye wound me, blow on blow. CH. Thy hand destroyed him. OED. Yes. Yet lacks there not herein A plea for my redress. CH. How canst thou clear that sin? OED. I'll tell thee. For the deed, 'twas proved mine,--Oh 'tis true! Yet by Heaven's law I am freed:--I wist not whom I slew.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3
Oedipus offers Theseus a posthumous gift whose benefit will be revealed after his burial.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Athens]] · When I am dead, and thou hast buried me

Oedipus Theseus

OED. Herein One word conveys the assurance of the whole. THE. You sum up your petition in brief form. OED. Look to it. Great issues hang upon this hour. THE. Mean'st thou in this the fortune of thy sons Or mine? OED. I mean the force of their behest Compelling my removal hence to Thebes. THE. So thy consent were sought, 'twere fair to yield. OED. Once I was ready enough. They would not then.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3
Oedipus reveals that Athens is destined to defeat Thebes, explaining the demand to remove him.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Oedipus Theseus

OED. The voice of Heaven Will drive them to it. THE. As fearing what reverse Prophetically told? OED. Destined defeat By Athens in the Athenian land.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 4
Theseus grants Oedipus protection and offers him refuge in Athens.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Theseus Oedipus

Whate'er my thought, if Phoebus sent thee forth, I would bid thee have no fear. And howsoe'er, My name will shield thee from all injury.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 4
Oedipus chooses to remain at Colonos rather than return to Thebes.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Colonos]]

Oedipus

Let me live here. For even such life as mine Were not amiss, might I but have my will.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 4
Creon attempts to compel Oedipus to return to Thebes.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Creon Oedipus

I am sent to bring By fair persuasion to our Theban plain The reverend form of him now present here.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 4
Creon orders Antigone seized and she is dragged away against her will.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Colonos]]

Creon Antigone

Unhappy, I am dragged away,--O strangers!

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 4
Creon threatens to seize and carry Oedipus away after taking Antigone.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Colonos]]

Creon Oedipus

Oedipus I will seize and bear away.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 5
Creon abducts Oedipus's two daughters from their refuge.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 5

Creon Oedipus

This Creon, whom thou seest, hath torn away Two children that were all in all to me.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 5
Theseus orders a pursuit to recover Oedipus's daughters and demands Creon remain until they return.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Colonos]]

Theseus Creon Oedipus

But now he shall be ruled by the same law He thought to enforce. Thou goest not from this ground Till thou hast set these maids in presence here;

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 5
Theseus compels Creon to guide him and become his escort in pursuit of the abducted maidens.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Theseus Creon

Lead us the way they are gone. I too must be Thine escort, that if hereabout thou hast Our maidens, thou mayest show them to my sight.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 6
Theseus returns Oedipus’s daughters safely, having rescued them from their captors.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 6

Theseus Antigone Oedipus

Here stand I with thy children in full life Unharmed in aught the foe had threatened them.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 6
Antigone reunites with Oedipus after being restored to him.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 6

Antigone Oedipus

ANT. Here is our saviour. He shall tell thee all, And shorten labour both for us and thee.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 6
Theseus reveals that Oedipus’s unnamed son has arrived as a suppliant seeking an audience.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 6

Oedipus Theseus

One, not thy townsman, but of kin to thee, Hath come in unawares, and now is found Kneeling at great Poseidon's altar

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 6
Oedipus relents and permits his son to approach, provided his liberty remains protected.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 6

Oedipus Theseus Antigone

Child, your dear pleading to your hard request Hath won me. Let this be as ye desire. Only, my lord, if he is to come near, Let no man's power molest my liberty.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7
Theseus brings Polynices under safe-conduct, allowing him to speak before Oedipus.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7

Theseus Polynices

Ay, were it not the lord of all this land Theseus, that brought him to me and desired He might hear words from me,--never again Had these tones fallen upon his ear.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7
Eteocles exiles Polynices after Polynices claims their father's throne.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Thebè]]

Eteocles Polynices

I am banished, father, from our native land, Because, being elder-born, I claimed to sit Upon thy sovereign throne. For this offence Eteocles, thy younger son, exíled me

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7
Polynices marries Adrastus' child and thereby raises an allied army.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Dorian Argolis]]

Polynices Adrastus

For when I had come to Dorian Argolis, I raised, through marriage with Adrastus' child, An army bound in friendly league with me

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7
Polynices leads seven allied commanders and their battalions against Thebè.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Thebè]] · at this hour

Polynices Amphiaraos Tydeus Etéoclus Hippomedon Capaneus Parthenopaeus

With whose aid levying all that mighty host Of seven battalions, I have deeply sworn Either to die, or drive from Theban ground Those who such wrongs have wrought.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7
Oedipus rejects Polynices' plea for aid and renounces him as a son.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7

Oedipus Polynices

Begone, renounced and fatherless for me, And take with thee, vilest of villanous men

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7
Oedipus curses Polynices and Eteocles to die by each other's fratricidal hands.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7

Oedipus Polynices Eteocles

Vain be thine attempt In levying war against thy father's race, Frustrate be thy return to Argos' vale: Die foully by a fratricidal hand And foully slay him who hath banished thee!

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7
Polynices refuses Antigone's plea to abandon the war and remains committed to his enterprise.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 7

Polynices Antigone

Impossible. If once I shrink for fear, No longer may I lead them to the war.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 8
Oedipus reveals his secret resting place and commands Theseus to preserve it through generations.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Oedipus Theseus

This is thy secret, not to be revealed To any one of men, or where 'tis hid Or whereabout it lies.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 8
Oedipus declares that Antigone and Ismene are fatherless and released from serving him.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 8 · From this day forth

Oedipus Antigone Ismene

From this day forth you have no more a father. All that was mine is ended, and no longer Shall ye continue your hard ministry Of labour for my life.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 8
Oedipus entrusts his daughters to Theseus and demands his oath to protect them.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 8

Oedipus Theseus Antigone Ismene

Reach thy right hand, I pray thee (that first pledge) To these my children:--daughters, yours to him!-- And give thy sacred word that thou wilt never Betray these willingly: but still perform All that thou mayest with true thought for their good.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 8
Theseus swears to preserve the friendly bond and safeguard Oedipus's daughters.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 8

Theseus

He, with grand calmness like his noble self, Promised on oath to keep this friendly bond.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 8
Oedipus vanishes from the earth in a mysterious divine departure, leaving Theseus as sole witness.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 8

Oedipus Theseus

But by what fate He perished, mortal man, Save Theseus, none can say.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 9
Theseus forbids Antigone and Ismene from approaching Oedipus's resting-place.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 9

Theseus Antigone Ismene Oedipus

Dear children, 'twas your father's spoken will That no man should approach his resting-place, Nor human voice should ever violate The mystery of the tomb wherein he lies.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 9
Theseus agrees to send an escort to convey Antigone and Ismene home.

Sophocles, Oedipus At Colonos — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Theseus Antigone Ismene

That will I; and in all that I may do To prosper you and solace him beneath,-- Who even now passes to eternity,-- I must not falter.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1
Priam secretly sends Polydore to Polymestor with gold for safekeeping.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Chersonese]]

Priam Polydorus Polymestor

privately sent me from the Trojan land to the house of Polymestor, his Thracian friend, who cultivates the most fruitful soil of the Chersonese, ruling a warlike people with his spear. But my father sends privately with me a large quantity of gold

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1
Polymestor murders Polydore for his gold and casts his body into the sea.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1

Polymestor Polydorus

the friend of my father slays me, wretched man, for the sake of my gold, and having slain me threw me into the surf of the sea

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1
Hector dies as Troy falls.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troy]] · after that

Hector

But after that both Troy and the life of Hector were put an end to

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1
Priam is slain at an altar by Achilles' son.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1

Priam

and himself falls at the altar built by the God, slain by the blood-polluted son of Achilles

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1
Achilles demands Polyxena as a sacrificial victim for his tomb.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1

Achilles Polyxena

For Achilles the son of Peleus, appearing above his tomb, stayed all the army of the Grecians as they were directing homeward their sea dipped oars; and asks to receive my sister Polyxena as a dear victim

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1
The Greek council decrees that Polyxena must be sacrificed to Achilles.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1

Achilles Polyxena

For it is said that it has been decreed in the full council of the Greeks to make thy daughter a sacrifice to Achilles

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1
Odysseus persuades the Greek army to accept Achilles' demand for a captive sacrifice.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1

Odysseus Achilles Polyxena

that son of Laertes, persuades the army, not to reject the suit of the noblest of all the Greeks on account of a captive victim

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1
Hecuba reveals to Polyxena that the Greeks have decreed her death.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 1

Hecuba Polyxena

My child, the common decree of the Greeks unites to slay thee at the tomb of the son of Peleus.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2
The Greeks decree Polyxena’s sacrifice at Achilles’s tomb.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Achilles's tomb]]

Hecuba Polyxena Odysseus

It has been decreed by the Greeks to offer on the lofty mound of Achilles's tomb thy daughter Polyxena.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2
Odysseus is ordered to escort Polyxena to her sacrifice.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Achilles's tomb]]

Odysseus Polyxena

But they order me to conduct and convey the damsel;

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2
Hecuba saves Odysseus from death after his spying in Troy.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Troy]] · when thou camest a spy on Troy

Hecuba Odysseus

Did I preserve thee then, and conduct thee safe from the land? ULYSS. Yes, so that I now behold the light of the sun.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2
Helen privately identifies Odysseus to Hecuba.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Helen Odysseus Hecuba

But Helen knew thee, and told me alone.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2
Achilles dies gloriously defending Greece.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2

Achilles

But Achilles, O lady, is worthy of honor from us, a man who died most gloriously in behalf of the Grecian country.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2
Odysseus refuses to retract the army’s decree despite Hecuba’s plea.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 2

Hecuba Odysseus Polyxena

But what I declared before all I will not deny

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 3
Polyxena chooses death rather than endure enslavement and dishonor.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 3

Polyxena Odysseus

I will quit this light from mine eyes free, offering my body to Pluto. Lead on then, Ulysses, conduct me to death

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 3
Odysseus refuses Hecuba’s request to die with Polyxena.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 3

Hecuba Odysseus

HEC. Do thou then at least slay me with my daughter, and there will be twice the libation of blood for the earth, and the dead who makes this request. ULYSS. Thy daughter's death suffices; one must not be heaped on another

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 3
Polyxena is sacrificed, and Talthybius comes to entomb her dead body.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 3

Polyxena

I am here and come to thee, O lady, that thou mayest entomb thy dead daughter.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 3
Hecuba is reduced from Troy’s queen to an aged, childless captive.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Hecuba

Was not this the queen of the opulent Phrygians? was not this the wife of the all-blest Priam? And now all her city is overthrown by the spear, but she a captive, aged, childless, lies on the ground

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 3
Polyxena declares that Polydorus lives and will close Hecuba’s dying eye.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 3

Polyxena Hecuba Polydorus

POLYX. Farewell, my brother Polydore, among the warlike Thracians. HEC. If he lives at least: but I doubt, so unfortunate am I in every thing. POLTX. He lives, and shall close thy dying eye.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 4
Polyxena is sacrificed and dies beneath the sword.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 4 · 📍 [[the tomb]] · then

Polyxena

But he at once resolved and unresolved through pity of the virgin, cuts with the sword the passage of her breath; and fountains of blood burst forth.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 4
Agamemnon orders the young men to release Polyxena before her sacrifice.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 4 · 📍 [[the tomb]]

Agamemnon Polyxena

But the people murmured assent, and king Agamemnon ordered the young men to quit the virgin;

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 4
Paris sails toward Helen, and his act brings war and the destruction of Priam's palace.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Ida's forest]] · when Paris first hewed the pine

Paris Helen

Against me was it fated that calamity, against me was it fated that woe should spring, when Paris first hewed the pine in Ida's forest, preparing to cut his way over the ocean surge to the bed of Helen

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 6
Polymestor reveals that Polydore is alive, healthy, and remembers his mother.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 6

Hecuba Polydorus Polymestor

He lives, and in good health; as far as regards him indeed thou art happy.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 6
Hecuba lures Polymestor into the tent by claiming hidden Trojan treasures are there.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 6

Hecuba Polymestor

But come into the tent, for the Greeks are desirous of loosing the sheets of their vessels homeward from Troy;

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 6
Hecuba blinds Polymestor during her vengeance against him.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 6

Hecuba Polymestor

Oh me! I wretch am deprived of the sight of mine eyes.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 6
Hecuba kills Polymestor's two children with the Trojan women.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 6

Hecuba Polymestor

nor shalt thou behold alive those children which I have slain.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7
Polymestor murders Polydore, Priam’s son entrusted to him for upbringing.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7

Polymestor Polydorus Priam Hecuba

Him I put to death.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7
Polymestor reveals that he murdered Polydore to prevent Troy’s revival.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7

Polymestor Polydorus Priam Hecuba

There was a certain youth, the youngest of Priam's children, by name Polydore, the son of Hecuba; him his father Priam sent to me from Troy to bring up in my palace, already presaging the capture of Troy. Him I put to death.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7
Hecuba and the captive Trojan women stab Polymestor’s children.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7

Hecuba Polymestor

in an instant, snatching from somewhere beneath their garments their daggers, they stab my children.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7
Hecuba and the captive women blind Polymestor.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7

Hecuba Polymestor

having taken their clasps they pierce and gore the wretched pupils of my eyes, then vanish in flight through the tent.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7
Agamemnon condemns Polymestor’s killing of his guest and accepts his punishment.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7

Agamemnon Polymestor

But to me, be assured, thou neither appearest for my sake, nor for the sake of the Grecians, to have killed this man thy guest, but that thou mightest possess the gold in thy palace.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7
Agamemnon orders Polymestor expelled to a desert island.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7

Agamemnon Polymestor

Will ye not as quick as possible cast him out on some desert island, since he is thus, and past endurance insolent?

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7
Agamemnon orders Hecuba to bury her two dead.

Euripides, Hecuba — Scene 7

Agamemnon Hecuba Polydorus

But do thou, wretched Hecuba, go and bury thy two dead

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1
Atreus killed Thyestes’ children and served them to him as food.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1 · then

Atreus Thyestes

But Atreus then killed his children--and feasted him.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1
Menelaus married Helen.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1

Menelaus Helen

But Menelaus indeed marries Helen, the hated of the Gods

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1
Agamemnon took Clytemnestra as his wife.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1

Agamemnon Clytemnestra

but King Agamemnon obtained Clytæmnestra's bed, memorable throughout the Grecians

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1
Clytemnestra killed Agamemnon.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1

Clytemnestra Agamemnon

from a most unholy mother, who slew her husband, having covered him around with an inextricable robe

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1
Apollo persuaded Orestes to kill Clytemnestra.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1

Apollo Orestes

Yet persuaded he Orestes to kill that mother that brought him forth

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1
Orestes, assisted by Electra and Pylades, killed Clytemnestra.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1

Orestes Electra Pylades Clytemnestra

But nevertheless he did slay her, as he would not be disobedient to the God. I also took a share in the murder, but such as a woman ought to take. As did Pylades also who perpetrated this deed with us.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1
Orestes became afflicted with madness after killing his mother.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1 · From that time

Orestes

From that time wasting away, the wretched Orestes is afflicted with a grievous malady

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1
Argos barred shelter from Orestes and Electra and prepared to decide whether they should die.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 1 · 📍 Argos · this is the sixth day

Orestes Electra

But it has been decreed by this city of Argos, that no one shall receive us who have slain a mother under their roof, nor at their fire, and that none shall speak to us; but this is the appointed day, in the which the city of the Argives will pronounce their vote, whether it is fitting that we should die

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 2
Orestes awakens from sleep, still weakened and suffering from his illness.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 2

Orestes Electra

O precious balm of sleep, thou that relievest my malady, how pleasant didst thou come to me in the time of need!

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 2
Menelaus arrives, bringing Helen back from Troy.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Nauplian bay]]

Menelaus Helen

Menelaus has arrived, the brother of thy father, but his ships are moored in the Nauplian bay.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 2
Orestes reveals that Apollo commanded him to murder his mother.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 2

Orestes Apollo

Apollo himself unjust, then spoke unjust things, when at the tripod of Themis he commanded the unhallowed, inauspicious murder of my mother.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 2
Orestes relapses into madness and sees the avenging Furies pursuing him.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 2

Orestes Apollo

O Phœbus, these dire Goddesses in the shape of dogs will kill me, these gorgon-visaged ministers of hell.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 2
Orestes confesses that he carried out the killing of his mother at Apollo’s instigation.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 2

Orestes Electra

the shedding of my mother’s blood was accomplished by me: but I blame Apollo, who, after having instigated me to a most unholy act

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 4
Clytaemnestra killed Agamemnon by striking him on the head.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 4

Clytemnestra Agamemnon

For after that Agamemnon breathed forth his last, struck by my daughter on the head, a most foul deed

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 4
Orestes killed Aegisthus, Clytaemnestra’s secret husband.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 4 · 📍 [[her palace]] · after him

Orestes Aegisthus

Ægisthus was her secret husband in her palace. Him I slew, and after him I sacrificed my mother

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 4
Orestes killed his mother Clytaemnestra to avenge Agamemnon.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 4 · after him

Orestes Clytemnestra

Him I slew, and after him I sacrificed my mother, doing indeed unholy things, but avenging my father.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 4
Orestes revealed that Apollo commanded him to kill his mother.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 4

Apollo Orestes

Whither then can any fly for succor, unless he that commanded me shall deliver me from death?

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 4
Tyndarus planned to rally Argives to sentence Orestes and his sister to stoning.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 4

Tyndareus Orestes

For going to the multitude of the Argives assembled, I will rouse the state willing and not unwilling, to pass the sentence[16a] of being stoned on thee and on thy sister

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5
Menelaus refuses Orestes’s request to protect him and Hermione from execution by the citizens.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5 · 📍 Argos

Menelaus Orestes Hermione

He declined, from motives of prudence, as bad friends act toward their friends.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5
Tyndarus refuses to take arms against the troubles threatening Orestes.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5

Tyndareus Orestes

No: for he was not born a warrior, but brave among women.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5
The Argive council assembles to decide whether Orestes and Hermione will live or die.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5 · 📍 Argos

Orestes Hermione

I came through the city with a quicker step than I ought, having heard of the council of state assembled, and seeing it plainly myself, against thee and thy sister, as about to kill you instantly.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5
Strophius exiles Pylades for participating in the murder of Orestes’s mother.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5

Strophius Pylades

Strophius, my father, being enraged, hath driven me an exile from his house.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5
Orestes decides to confront the citizens rather than remain passively awaiting execution.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5 · 📍 Argos

Orestes Pylades

Go I must, for it is not manly to die ingloriously.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5
Pylades undertakes to conduct Orestes to Agamemnon’s tomb to seek help.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 5

Pylades Orestes Agamemnon

And guide me to my father's tomb.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 6
The Argive assembly votes that Orestes and Electra must die.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 6 · 📍 Argos · this day

Orestes Electra

It has been carried by the vote of the Pelasgians, that thy brother and thou must die this day.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 6
Orestes avoids stoning by promising to die by suicide with Electra.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 6 · 📍 Argos · this day

Orestes Electra

but he promised that this day he would quit his life by self-slaughter together with thee

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 6
Pylades leads the condemned Orestes away from the council while mourning friends follow.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 6 · 📍 Argos

Orestes Pylades

but Pylades is conducting him from the council, weeping

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7
Pelops murders Myrtilus by casting him into the sea, beginning the curse upon his house.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7

Pelops Myrtilus

Pelops in his car drawn by four horses perpetrated, as he drove, the murder of Myrtilus, by casting him into the sea

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7
Orestes is condemned to death by the Argives.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7

Orestes

thy brother is advancing, condemned by the vote of death

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7
Orestes and Electra resolve to die by hanging or the sword.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7 · This is the day appointed for us!

Orestes Electra

This is the day appointed for us! but we must either fit the suspended noose, or whet the sword with our hand.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7
Orestes reveals that he betrothed Electra to Pylades.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7

Orestes Electra Pylades

thou art frustrated in thy marriage with this unhappy virgin, whom I betrothed to thee, revering thy friendship.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7
Pylades reveals that he shared responsibility for the slaughter that brought Orestes vengeance.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7

Orestes Pylades

With thee I did at least; I ought also to suffer these things in common with thee.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7
Pylades commits to die alongside Orestes and Electra.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7

Orestes Electra Pylades

Die then I must with thee and her together

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7
Orestes and Pylades devise a plan to kill Helen inside Orestes' house.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 7

Orestes Pylades Helen

Let us kill Helen, which will cause great grief to Menelaus.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 8
Pylades and Orestes resolve to kill Helen, or burn the palace and die attempting it.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 8 · 📍 [[palace]]

Pylades Orestes Helen

For may I live no longer, if I draw not my black sword upon her. But if then we do not compass the murder of Helen, having fired the palace we will die, for we shall have glory, succeeding in one of these two things, nobly dying, or nobly rescued.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 8
Orestes, Pylades, and Electra acknowledge their respective roles in Clytemnestra’s murder.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 8

Orestes Pylades Electra Clytemnestra

ORES. I slew my mother. PYL. But I directed the sword. ELEC. But I at least incited you, and freed you from delay.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 8
Orestes and Pylades arm themselves to undertake their final attack.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 8 · 📍 [[palace]]

Orestes Pylades

But let us, O Pylades (for thou undertakest this labor with me), entering in, arm our hands with the sword to one last attempt.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 8
Electra assigns the chorus to guard both approaches to the house during the murderous deed.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 8 · 📍 [[house]]

Electra

Arrange yourselves, some of you in this beaten way, and some there, in that other path, to guard the house.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 8
Orestes acknowledges Pylades’s role in Aegisthus’s destruction.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 8

Orestes Pylades Aegisthus

For thou contrivedst the destruction that befell Ægisthus, and wast close to me in my dangers.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 9
The land decrees that Orestes and Electra must die.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 9

Orestes Electra

It has been decreed by this land, that Orestes and I die.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 9
Orestes and Electra attack Helen with swords inside the palace.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 9

Orestes Electra Helen

Kill, strike, slay, plunging with your hands the two double-edged swords into the deserter of her father, the deserter of her husband

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 9
Orestes and Electra seize Hermione and hold a sword to her neck.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 9

Hermione Orestes Electra

Hold her, hold her; and pointing a sword to her neck be silent

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 9
Helen is reported slain during the attack inside the palace.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 9

Helen

before I plainly see the slaughtered Helen lying weltering in her blood within the house

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10
Clytemnestra is murdered in the palace.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10

Clytemnestra

But the wretched Hermione came to the house at the time when her murdered mother fell to the ground

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10
Apollo reveals that Helen survived Orestes’ attack and was preserved immortal by Zeus.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10

Apollo Helen Orestes Zeus

Helen indeed, whom thou minded to destroy, working Menelaus to anger, didst fail of thy purpose, she is here, whom ye see wrapt in the bosom of the sky, preserved, and not slain by thy hands. Her I preserved, and snatched from thy sword, commanded by my father Jove. For being the daughter of Jove, it is right that she should live immortal.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10
Orestes releases Hermione from threatened slaughter.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10

Apollo Orestes Hermione

Behold I let go Hermione from slaughter, and approve her alliance, whenever her father shall give her.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10
Apollo orders Orestes to leave Argos for a year, then face trial at Athens for killing Clytemnestra.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10 · 📍 [[Parrhasian plain]] · during the revolution of a year

Apollo Orestes Clytemnestra

Thus is it with regard to Helen; but thee, on the other hand, Orestes, it behooveth, having passed beyond the boundaries of this land, to inhabit the Parrhasian plain during the revolution of a year, and it shall be called by a name after thy flight, so that the Azanes and Arcadians shall call it Oresteum: and thence having departed to the city of the Athenians, undergo the charge of shedding thy mother's blood laid by the three Furies.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10
Apollo commands Menelaus to allow Orestes to reign over Argos.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10 · 📍 Argos

Apollo Orestes Menelaus

But, O Menelaus, suffer Orestes to reign over Argos.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10
Apollo orders Menelaus to depart and rule the Spartan land as Helen’s dowry.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10 · 📍 [[Spartan land]]

Apollo Menelaus

But depart and rule over the Spartan land, having it as thy wife's dowry

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10
Menelaus betroths Hermione to Orestes at Apollo’s command.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10

Apollo Menelaus Orestes Hermione

But to thee, Orestes, do I betroth my daughter at Phœbus's commands, but illustrious thyself marrying from an illustrious family, be happy, both thou and I who give her.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10
Apollo orders Orestes to give Electra in marriage to Pylades, fulfilling their prior agreement.

Euripides, Orestes — Scene 10

Apollo Orestes Pylades Electra

But to Pylades give thy sister's hand, as thou didst formerly agree, but a happy life now coming on awaits him.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1
Eteocles seized Thebes’ throne and deprived Polynices of his share.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Eteocles Polynices

Eteocles having gotten possession of the throne of Thebes, deprived his brother Polynices of his share;

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1
Jocasta brought Polynices into Thebes under a truce to reconcile the brothers.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Jocasta Polynices Eteocles

His mother Jocasta made him come into the city, under sanction of a truce, and first confer with his brother respecting the empire.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1
Tiresias prophesied Theban victory if Menoeceus sacrificed himself.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Tiresias Menoeceus

Now Tiresias prophesied that victory should be on the side of the Thebans, if Menœceus the son of Creon would give himself up to be sacrificed to Mars.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1
Menoeceus rejected escape and killed himself for the city.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Menoeceus Creon

Creon refused to give his son to the city, but the youth was willing, and, his father pointing out to him the means of flight and giving him money, he put himself to death.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1
Eteocles and Polynices killed each other in single combat.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Eteocles Polynices

Eteocles and Polynices in a single combat slew each other,

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1
Jocasta killed herself after finding the corpses of her sons.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Jocasta Eteocles Polynices

and their mother having found the corses of her sons laid violent hands on herself;

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1
Creon received the kingdom after Eteocles and Polynices died.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Creon

and Creon her brother received the kingdom.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2
Oedipus married Jocasta.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2

Oedipus Jocasta

and thy father married me in evil hour

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2
Jocasta gave birth to Polynices.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2

Jocasta Polynices

Jocasta daughter of Menœceus brought me forth

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2
Oedipus rushed to self-destruction with a sword and noose.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2 · 📍 [[the palace]]

Oedipus

But the old man in the palace deprived of sight, always preserving with tears regret for the unanimity of the brothers which is separated from the family, has madly rushed on self-destruction with the sword and with the noose above the beams of the house

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2
Polynices was sent into exile from his father’s house by wrongful treatment.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Polynices

thou hast left thy father's house deserted, sent away an exile by wrongful treatment from thy brother

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2
Adrastus married his two daughters to Polynices and Tydeus.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2 · 📍 Argos

Adrastus Polynices Tydeus

And gave in marriage to us two his two virgin daughters.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2
Polynices entered Thebes under a truce and returned to his paternal walls.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Thebes]] · after a length of time

Polynices

The bolts indeed of the gate-keepers have with ease admitted me, that I might come within the walls

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2
Jocasta and Polynices reunited after his long exile.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 2 · 📍 [[the palace]] · after numberless days

Jocasta Polynices

Ah! my son, after length of time, after numberless days, I behold thy countenance; clasp thy mother's bosom in thine arms

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3
Polynices leads an army against his own city.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Polynices

I am leading an army against this my own city; but I have called the Gods to witness how unwillingly I have raised the spear against my dearest parents.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3
Polynices voluntarily left the land after granting Eteocles rule for one year.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3 · for the space of a year

Polynices Eteocles

I myself of my own accord departed from this land, having given him to rule over his own country for the space of a year, so that I myself should have the government again

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3
Eteocles broke his oath and retained the throne and Polynices’ share of the palace.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3 · formerly

Eteocles Polynices

But he having assented to this, and having brought the Gods to witness his oaths, has performed nothing of what he promised, but himself holds the regal power and my share of the palace.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3
Eteocles refuses reconciliation and insists on retaining sole rule of the land.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Eteocles Polynices

we shall not agree in any other way, than on the terms proposed, that I holding the sceptre be monarch of this land.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3
Eteocles orders Polynices to leave and threatens to kill him.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3

Eteocles Polynices

let me have my way; and do thou begone from out these walls, or thou shalt die.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3
Polynices is driven from his country and departs.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3

Polynices

I will go, do not distress thyself; but thee, my mother, I mention with honor.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3
Polynices hopes to become master of Theban land after killing Eteocles.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Theban land]]

Polynices Eteocles

hope does not yet slumber, in which I have trusted with the favor of the Gods, that having slain this man, I shall be master of this Theban land.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4
The Argive army prepares to surround Thebes, bringing imminent war.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Eteocles Creon

The Argive army is preparing quickly to surround the city of the Thebans with thickly-ranged arms.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4
Eteocles confirms the marriage vow between Antigone and Haemon if he dies in battle.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4

Eteocles Antigone Haemon

But it is thy duty to attend to the marriage of my sister Antigone and thy son Hæmon, if I fail aught of success; but the firm vow made before I now confirm at my going out.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4
Eteocles decrees that Polynices must remain unburied and threatens death to anyone burying him.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Theban land]]

Eteocles Polynices

if my arms should conquer, that the body of Polynices be never buried in this Theban land; but that the man who buries him shall die

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4
Eteocles sends Menoeceus to summon Tiresias for prophetic counsel.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Eteocles Tiresias Menoeceus (Creon's son)

I will send thy son, Creon, Menœceus, of the same name with thy father, to bring Tiresias hither.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4
Tiresias reveals that Eteocles and Polynices are destined to die by each other’s hands.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Tiresias Eteocles Polynices

And I, what things omitting to do, and what words omitting to speak on the subject, have nevertheless fallen into the hatred of the sons of Œdipus? But death from their mutual hands is near them, O Creon.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4
Tiresias warns that Oedipus’s family must be excluded from citizenship and rule to preserve the city.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Tiresias Oedipus Eteocles Polynices

For this were the first thing, that not any of the family of Œdipus should be citizens, nor king of the territory

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5
Tiresias reveals that sacrificing Menoeceus is necessary to preserve the country.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5

Tiresias Creon Menoeceus

It is necessary for thee to sacrifice this thy son Menœceus for the country, since thou thyself callest for this fortune.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5
Creon refuses to sacrifice Menoeceus and orders him to flee the country.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5

Creon Menoeceus

For never will I go to this degree of calamity, to expose my son a victim for the state. For all men live with an affection toward their children, nor would any give up his own child to die. Let no one praise me for the deed, and slay my children. But I myself, for I am arrived at a mature period of life, am ready to die to liberate my country. But haste, my son, before the whole city hears it, disregarding the intemperate oracles of prophets, fly as quickly as possible, having quitted this land.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5
Menoeceus deceives Creon, secretly choosing death rather than abandoning his country.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5

Menoeceus Creon

Ye females, how well removed I my father's fears, having deceived him with words, in order to gain my wishes; who sends me out of the way, depriving the city of its good fortune, and gives me up to cowardice.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5
Menoeceus resolves to stab himself above the dragon's lair and save the country.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5

Menoeceus

But I will depart, and standing on the summit of the battlements, stabbing myself over the dark deep lair of the dragon, where the prophet appointed, will give liberty to the country--the word has been spoken.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5
Oedipus contracts an incestuous marriage with Jocasta, polluting the city.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Oedipus Jocasta

For he, wretched man, having gained the glorious victory over the enigmas, contracts a marriage, an unfortunate marriage with his mother, and pollutes the city.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5
The messenger reports that Eteocles and Polynices are both alive.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5

Eteocles Polynices

Thus far in the day thy pair of children lives.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5
The messenger reports that Thebes's ramparts stand and the city has not been destroyed.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Eteocles Polynices

They stand unshaken, nor is the city destroyed.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 6
Periclymenus kills Parthenopaeus by hurling a stone at his head.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Neïtan gate]]

Parthenopaeus Periclymenus

But Periclymenus the son of the God of the Ocean stopped him in his raging, hurling at his head a stone, a wagon-load, a pinnacle rent from the battlement; and dashed in pieces his head with its auburn hair, and crushed the suture of the bones, and besmeared with blood his lately blooming cheeks; nor shall he carry back his living form to his mother, glorious in her bow, the daughter of Mænalus.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 6
Zeus strikes Capaneus with thunder, killing him as he assaults the city walls.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 6

Zeus Capaneus

but when he was now mounting the battlements of the walls Jupiter strikes him with his thunder; and the earth resounded, insomuch that all trembled; and his limbs were hurled, as it were by a sling, from the ladder separately from one another, his hair to heaven, and his blood to the ground, and his limbs, like the whirling of Ixion on his wheel, were carried round; and his scorched body falls to the earth.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 6
Zeus's favorable sign enables the Thebans to drive the Argives from the battlefield.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 6

Zeus

But ours on the contrary, when they saw the auspicious sign from Jove, drove out their chariots, horsemen and heavy-armed, and rushing into the midst of the Argive arms engaged in fight: and there were all the sorts of misery together: they died, they fell from their chariots, and the wheels leaped up and axles upon axles: and corses were heaped together with corses.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 6
Eteocles proposes single combat with Polynices, and the two armies swear a truce.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 6

Eteocles Polynices

And after this the generals made a truce, and in the space between the two armies pledged an oath to abide by it. And now the two sons of the aged Œdipus clad their bodies in an entire suit of brazen armor.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 6
Jocasta summons Antigone to help prevent Eteocles and Polynices from killing each other.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 6

Jocasta Antigone

O my child, Antigone, come forth from before the palace; the state of thy fortune suits not now the dance, nor the virgin's chamber, but it is thy duty, in conjunction with thy mother, to hinder two excellent men, and thy brothers verging toward death from falling by each other's hands.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 7
Eteocles and Polynices kill each other in single combat, leaving the contest undecided.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 7 · this day

Eteocles Polynices

And holding the dust in their gripe they both fall near one another, and determined not the victory.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 7
Jocasta dies together with her two sons after their fatal combat.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 7

Jocasta Eteocles Polynices

Thy sister is dead with her two children.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9
Creon orders Antigone to leave the land rather than marry his son.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9

Creon Antigone

Go--thou shalt not slay my son--quit the land.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9
Eteocles and Polynices are found dead, lying together before Oedipus.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9

Eteocles Polynices

They lie extended before thee near one another.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9
Oedipus declares that Apollo's oracle has been fulfilled: he must die in exile at Athens.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Oedipus Apollo

Now, my child, is the oracle of Apollo come to pass.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9
Oedipus accepts banishment and prepares to depart for Athens.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Oedipus

That I must die an exile at Athens.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9
Antigone chooses to accompany her blind father into exile as his guide.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Antigone Oedipus

Go to thy wretched banishment: stretch forth thy dear hand, O aged father, having me as thy guide, as the gale that wafts the ship.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9
Antigone resolves to cover Polynices secretly despite his being denied burial.

Euripides, The Phœnician Virgins — Scene 9

Antigone Polynices

a corse denied sepulture, unhappy, whom, even if I must die, my father, I will cover with secret earth.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1
Jason espouses Glauce, the daughter of Creon.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Corinth]]

Jason Glauce

JASON, having come to Corinth, and bringing with him Medea, espouses Glauce, the daughter of Creon, king of Corinth.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1
Jason betrays Medea and their children by entering a royal marriage.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Corinth]]

Jason Medea

For having betrayed his own children, and my mistress, Jason reposes in royal wedlock, having married the daughter of Creon, who is prince of this land.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1
Creon intends to banish Medea and her children from Corinth.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Corinth]]

Creon Medea

the king of this land, Creon, intends to banish from the Corinthian country these children, together with their mother

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1
Medea asks to remain one day and obtains permission before her banishment.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Corinth]] · one day

Creon Medea

But Medea, on the point of being banished from Corinth by Creon, having asked to remain one day, and having obtained her wish

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1
Medea's robe and golden chaplet kill Glauce, and Creon is destroyed embracing her.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Corinth]]

Medea Glauce Creon

sends to Glauce, by the hands of her sons, presents, as an acknowledgment for the favor, a robe and a golden chaplet, which she puts on and perishes; Creon also having embraced his daughter is destroyed.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1
Medea slays her children.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Corinth]]

Medea

But Medea, when she had slain her children, escapes to Athens

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1
Medea escapes to Athens in a chariot drawn by winged dragons.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Medea

Medea, when she had slain her children, escapes to Athens, in a chariot drawn by winged dragons

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1
Medea marries Aegeus in Athens.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Medea Aegeus

and there marries Ægeus son of Pandion.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 2
Medea reveals that she abandoned her city after killing her brother.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 2

Medea

O my father, O my city, whom I basely abandoned, having slain my brother.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 2
Creon orders Medea into exile with her two children.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 2

Creon Medea

Thee of gloomy countenance, and enraged with thy husband, Medea, I command to depart in exile from out of this land, taking with thee thy two children

Euripides, Medea — Scene 3
Creon grants Medea one additional day but orders her exile and threatens death if she remains tomorrow.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 3 · one day

Creon Medea

But now if thou must stay, remain here yet one day, for thou wilt not do any horrid deed of which I have dread.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 3
Medea resolves to poison her enemies and carry out murders in secret.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 3

Medea

Best then is it to pursue the straight path, in which I am most skilled, to take them off by poison. Let it be so.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 3
Jason betrays Medea by taking a new wife and fathering children.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 3

Jason Medea

thou hast betrayed me and hast procured for thyself a new bed, children being born to thee

Euripides, Medea — Scene 3
Medea kills Pelias through the hands of his own children.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 3

Medea Pelias

And I slew Pelias by a death which it is most miserable to die, by the hands of his own children

Euripides, Medea — Scene 3
Medea betrays her father and household and comes with Jason to Peliotic Iolcos.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Peliotic Iolcos]]

Medea Jason

But I myself having betrayed my father, and my house, came to the Peliotic Iolcos with thee

Euripides, Medea — Scene 4
Jason marries Creon’s daughter to secure royal status and support for his children.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 4

Jason Creon

After I had come hither from the Iolcian land bringing with me many grievous calamities, what measure more fortunate than this could I have invented, than, an exile as I was, to marry the daughter of the monarch?

Euripides, Medea — Scene 4
Jason betrays Medea by taking another wife.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 4

Jason Medea

but nevertheless to me, although I speak reluctantly, thou appearest, in betraying thy wife, to act unjustly.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 4
Creon banishes Medea from Corinth.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Corinth]]

Creon Medea

Creon drives me an exile out of this land of Corinth.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 4
Aegeus agrees to receive Medea safely in his country if she reaches his house herself.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 4

Aegeus Medea

if thou comest to my country, I will endeavor to receive thee with hospitality, being a just man; so much however I beforehand apprise thee of, O lady, I shall not be willing to lead thee with me from this land; but if thou comest thyself to my house, thou shalt stay there in safety, and to no one will I give thee up.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 4
Aegeus swears never to expel Medea or surrender her to her enemies.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 4

Aegeus Medea

I swear by the earth, and the hallowed majesty of the sun, and by all the Gods, to abide by what I hear from thee.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 5
Medea selects Aegeus’s city as refuge for her escape after killing her children.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 5

Medea Aegeus

For this man, where I was most at a loss, hath appeared a harbor to my plans.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 5
Medea reveals her plan to poison Creon’s daughter and kill her children.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 5

Medea Jason Creon

For I will send them bearing presents in their hands, both a fine-wrought robe, and a golden-twined wreath.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 5
Medea deceptively reconciles with Jason and declares that her anger has ceased.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 5

Medea Jason

For there is amity between us, and my rage hath ceased.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 5
Jason agrees to try persuading Creon to let Medea’s children remain in the country.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 5

Jason Medea Creon

I know not whether I shall persuade him; but it is right to try.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 5
Medea sends nuptial gifts with her sons for Jason’s royal bride.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 5

Medea Jason

Take these nuptial presents, my sons, in your hands, and bear and present them to the blessed royal bride.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 6
Medea's gifts are accepted, and her children are reprieved from banishment.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 6

Medea

Thy sons, my mistress, are reprieved from banishment, and the royal bride received thy presents in her hands with pleasure

Euripides, Medea — Scene 6
Medea resolves that her children must die by her own hand.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 6

Medea

At all events they must die, and since they must, I who brought them into the world will perpetrate the deed.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 6
Creon is destroyed by Medea's charms.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 6 · just

Medea Creon

The princess is just dead, and Creon her father destroyed by thy charms.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 7
Creon's daughter dies after the poisoned gifts consume her flesh.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 7

Creon

But the fire, when she shook her hair, blazed out with double fury, and she sinks upon the ground overcome by her sufferings

Euripides, Medea — Scene 7
Creon dies while trying to embrace and free himself from his dying daughter.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 7

Creon

But at length the wretched man swooned away, and gave up his life

Euripides, Medea — Scene 7
Medea resolves to kill her children and flee the land.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 7

Medea

The deed is determined on by me, my friends, to slay my children as soon as possible, and to hasten from this land

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8
Medea kills her children, leaving Jason childless.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8

Medea Jason

who hast dared to plunge the sword in thine own children, thou who bore them, and hast destroyed me childless.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8
Medea refuses Jason's request to bury and mourn over their dead children.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8

Medea Jason

Suffer me, I beg, to bury and mourn over these dead bodies.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8
Medea declares that she will bury the children at Hera's shrine.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8 · 📍 [[shrine of Juno]]

Medea

Never indeed; since I will bury them with this hand bearing them to the shrine of Juno, the Goddess guardian of the citadel

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8
Medea announces that she will leave for the land of Erectheus and dwell with Aegeus.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8 · 📍 [[land of Erectheus]]

Medea Aegeus

But I myself will go to the land of Erectheus, to dwell with Ægeus son of Pandion.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8
Creon proposed a new marriage match between Jason and the princess.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8

Medea Jason Creon

and so was the princess, and so was Creon, who proposed the match to thee

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8
Medea denies Jason permission to touch or bury their children's bodies.

Euripides, Medea — Scene 8

Medea Jason

It is not possible. Thy words are thrown away in vain.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1
Theseus married Hippolyta and fathered Hippolytus.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1

Theseus Hippolyta Hippolytus

Theseus was the son of Othra and Neptune, and king of the Athenians; and having married Hippolyta, one of the Amazons, he begat Hippolytus

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1
Theseus married Phaedra, daughter of Minos and Pasiphae.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1

Theseus Phaedra Minos Pasiphae

When his wife died, he married, for his second wife, Phædra, a Cretan, daughter of Minos, king of Crete, and Pasiphaë.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1
Theseus killed Pallas and entered banishment with Phaedra in Trœzene.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Trœzene]]

Theseus Athena Phaedra

Theseus, in consequence of having slain Pallas, one of his kinsmen, goes into banishment, with his wife, to Trœzene

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1
Hippolytus was brought up by Pittheus in Trœzene.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Trœzene]]

Hippolytus Pittheus

where it happened that Hippolytus was being brought up by Pittheus

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1
Aphrodite resolved to destroy Hippolytus for rejecting marriage and honoring Artemis.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Trœzene]] · this very day

Aphrodite Hippolytus

wherein he has erred toward me, I will avenge me on Hippolytus this very day

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1
Hippolytus rejected Aphrodite and marriage while honoring Artemis above all gods.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Trœzene]]

Hippolytus Aphrodite Artemis

Hippolytus, pupil of the chaste Pittheus, alone of the inhabitants of this land of Trœzene, says that I am of deities the vilest, and rejects the bridal bed, and will have nothing to do with marriage. But Dian, the sister of Phœbus, daughter of Jove, he honors, esteeming her the greatest of deities.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1
Phaedra hanged herself after Hippolytus learned of her love and became enraged.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1

Phaedra Hippolytus

Phædra, having learned that he was exasperated, eluded the nurse, and hung herself.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1
Theseus banished Hippolytus, and Poseidon answered Theseus's prayer by destroying him.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 1

Theseus Hippolytus Poseidon

And he, believing what was written, ordered Hippolytus to go into banishment, and put up a prayer to Neptune, in compliance with which the god destroyed Hippolytus.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 2
Phaedra abstains from food and seeks to hasten her death.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 2 · this day for the third

Phaedra

And I hear that she this day for the third keeps her body untouched by the fruit of Ceres, [which she receives not] into her ambrosial mouth, wishing in secret suffering to hasten to the unhappy goal of death.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 2
Phaedra recognizes that she has gone mad under a god’s influence.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 2

Phaedra

I have gone mad; I have fallen by the evil influence of some God.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 3
Phaedra reveals that she loves Hippolytus.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 3

Phaedra Hippolytus

What say'st? Thou lovest, my child? What man! ... Him whoever he is, that is born of the Amazon.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 3
Phaedra decides death is preferable after failing to overcome Aphrodite's power.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 3

Phaedra Aphrodite

But in the third place, since by these means I was not able to subdue Venus, it appeared to me best to die

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 4
Aphrodite afflicts Phaedra with destructive love.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 4

Aphrodite Phaedra

the anger of the Goddess hath fallen upon thee. Thou lovest--what wonder this? with many mortals.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 4
Zeus becomes inflamed with love for Semele.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 4 · formerly

Zeus Semele

how that Jove was formerly inflamed with the love of Semele

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 4
Aurora carries Cephalus away to the Gods.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 4 · formerly

Aurora Cephalus

how that formerly the lovely bright Aurora bore away Cephalus up to the Gods

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 4
Aphrodite causes Semele’s death through a cruel fate.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Aphrodite Semele

by the forked lightning, by a cruel fate, did she put to eternal sleep the parent of the Jove-begotten Bacchus

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 4
Phaedra acknowledges surrendering her life to love while resisting dishonorable remedies.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 4

Phaedra

rightly have I surrendered my life to love; but if thou speak base things in fair phrase, I shall be consumed

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 5
Hippolytus discovers Phaedra’s forbidden desire and condemns her for revealing it.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 5

Hippolytus Phaedra

As thou also hast, O evil woman, come to the purpose of admitting me to share a bed which must not be approached--a father's.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 5
Phaedra resolves to die and adopt new measures after Hippolytus threatens to expose her.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 5

Phaedra

I know not, save one thing; to die as soon as possible is the only cure of my present sufferings.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 5
Hippolytus leaves the house, remaining silent until Theseus returns to confront Phaedra and her attendant.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 5 · during the time that Theseus is absent from the land

Hippolytus Theseus

But now will I depart from the house, and stay during the time that Theseus is absent from the land, and will keep my mouth silent; but I will see, returning with my father's return, how you will look at him, both you and your mistress.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 5
Phaedra asks the women of Trœzene to conceal what they have heard, and they swear secrecy.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Trœzene]]

Phaedra

But you, noble daughters of Trœzene, grant thus much to me requesting it, bury in silence what you here have heard.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 6
Phaedra commits suicide by hanging herself from the ceiling of her bridal chamber.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 6 · this day

Phaedra

but, having quitted life this day, I shall gratify Venus, who destroys me

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 6
Phaedra dies, leaving Theseus bereaved and his house desolate.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 6

Phaedra Theseus

My wife dead? By what fate?

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 7
Theseus accuses Hippolytus of violating his marriage bed based on the dead woman's letter.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 7

Theseus Hippolytus

Hippolytus has dared by force to approach my bed, having despised the awful eye of Jove.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 7
Theseus invokes Poseidon's promised curse to destroy Hippolytus.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 7 · beyond this day

Theseus Hippolytus Poseidon

But O father Neptune, by one of these three curses, which thou formerly didst promise me, by one of those destroy my son, and let him not escape beyond this day

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 7
Theseus banishes Hippolytus from his land without accepting his oath or defense.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 7

Theseus Hippolytus

Depart an exile from this land as soon as possible.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 7
Theseus orders his servants to remove Hippolytus from the land.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 7

Theseus Hippolytus

Servants, will ye not drag him out? did you not hear me long ago pronounce him banished!

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 8
Theseus sentences Hippolytus to wretched banishment from Athens.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Hippolytus Theseus

Hippolytus no longer trod on this land, having from thee received the sentence of wretched banishment.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 8
Theseus’s imprecation to Poseidon causes Hippolytus’s chariot disaster.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 8

Theseus Poseidon Hippolytus

His own chariot slew him, and the imprecations of thy mouth, which thou didst put up to thy father, the ruler of the ocean, concerning thy son.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 9
Artemis reveals that Theseus unjustly killed Hippolytus after believing Phaedra's accusation.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 9

Artemis Theseus Hippolytus

Theseus, wherefore dost thou, wretched man, take delight in these things, seeing that thou hast slain in no just way thy son, being persuaded by the lying words of thy wife

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 9
Theseus used one of Poseidon's promised wishes against Hippolytus, bringing about his death.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 9

Theseus Poseidon Hippolytus

Whereof one thou hast expended, O most evil one, on thy son

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 9
Hippolytus dies from the injuries caused by Theseus's curse.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 9

Hippolytus

My time of strength is past; for I perish, my father

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 9
Artemis grants Hippolytus lasting honors and remembrance among the virgins of Trœzene.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Trœzene]] · for many an age

Artemis Hippolytus

to thee, O unhappy one, in recompense for these evils, will I give the greatest honors in the land of Trœzene

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 9
Hippolytus forgives Theseus and releases him from guilt for his death.

Euripides, Hippolytus — Scene 9

Hippolytus Theseus

I call to witness Dian that slays with the bow.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1
Zeus kills Asclepius, prompting Apollo to retaliate against the Cyclops.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1

Apollo Asclepius Zeus

for Jove was the cause, by slaying my son Æsculapius, hurling the lightning against his breast: whereat enraged, I slay the Cyclops

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1
Apollo saves Admetus from impending death by deceiving the Fates.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1

Apollo Admetus

for being pious I met with a pious man, the son of Pheres, whom I delivered from dying by deluding the Fates

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1
Alcestis volunteers to die for Admetus after his father refuses the substitution.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1

Admetus Alcestis Pheres

But having tried and gone through all his friends, his father and his aged mother who bore him, he found not, save his wife, one who was willing to die for him

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1
Alcestis begins dying after offering herself as Admetus’s substitute.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1 · on this day

Alcestis Thanatos Admetus

who now within the house is borne in their hands, breathing her last; for on this day is it destined for her to die, and to depart from life

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1
Eurystheus sends Heracles to retrieve a chariot and horses from Thrace.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1 · not long after the time when this calamity happened

Heracles Eurystheus

Hercules having arrived, and having learned from a servant what had befallen Alcestis

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1
Heracles makes Death retreat and covers Alcestis after taking her from the tomb.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1 · not long after the time when this calamity happened

Heracles Thanatos Alcestis

went to her tomb, and having made Death retire, covers the lady with a robe

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1
Heracles unveils Alcestis and reveals her to the grieving Admetus.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 1

Heracles Admetus Alcestis

but when he would not, he unveiled her, and discovered her whom he was lamenting

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 2
Alcestis dies after sacrificing her life so Admetus may live.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 2 · immediately

Alcestis Admetus

I, honoring thee, and causing thee at the price of my life to view this light, die, it being in my power not to die, for thee:

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 2
Alcestis departs for the underworld, leaving Admetus and their children bereaved.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 2 · this day

Alcestis Admetus Eumelus

Never will I aver that marriage brings more joy than grief, forming my conjectures both from former things, and beholding this fortune of the king; who, when he has lost this most excellent wife, will thenceforward pass a life not worthy to be called life.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 3
Alcestis dies after giving her life for Admetus.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 3

Alcestis

CHOR. She is gone, Admetus' wife is no more.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 3
Alcestis entrusts her children to Admetus before her death.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 3

Alcestis Admetus Eumelus

ALC. For this receive these children from my hand. ADM. Yes, I receive a dear gift from a dear hand.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 3
Admetus vows never to marry another woman after Alcestis's death.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 3

Admetus

ADM. These things shall be so, they shall be, fear not: since I, when alive also, possessed thee alone, and when thou art dead, thou shalt be my only wife, and no Thessalian bride shall address me in the place of thee

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 3
Admetus orders citywide mourning and forbids music after Alcestis's death.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 3 · for twelve completed moons

Admetus

And let there be no noise of pipes, nor of the lyre throughout the city for twelve completed moons.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 3
Admetus orders Alcestis's funeral and commands the Thessalians to honor her death.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 3

Admetus

But be present, for I will have the corse borne forth, and while ye stay, chant a hymn to the God below that accepteth not libations. And all the Thessalians, over whom I reign, I enjoin to share in the grief for this lady

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 4
Admetus accepts Heracles as a guest despite mourning Alcestis.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 4

Admetus Heracles

Lead on thou, having thrown open the guest-chamber that is separate from the house: and tell them that have the management, that there be plenty of meats

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 4
Alcestis’s corpse is carried out with preparations for burial and the funeral pyre.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 4 · this day

Alcestis Admetus

my servants indeed bear aloft the corse, having every thing fit for the tomb, and for the pyre.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 4
Apollo inhabited Admetus’s home and became his shepherd.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 4

Apollo Admetus

the Pythian Apollo, master of the lyre, deigned to inhabit, and endured to become a shepherd in thine abodes

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5
Alcestis is reported dead, confirming the household’s calamity.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5

Alcestis

The wife indeed of Admetus is dead, O stranger.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5
Admetus renounces Pheres’s paternal hearth and bars him from the house.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5

Admetus Pheres

ye no more come into the same house with me: and if it were necessary for me to renounce by heralds thy paternal hearth, I would renounce it.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5
Admetus proceeds to place Alcestis’s body upon the funeral pyre.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5

Admetus Alcestis

But let us (for the evil before us must be borne) proceed, that we may place the corse upon the funeral pyre.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5
The servant reveals to Heracles that Alcestis, Admetus’s wife, has died.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5

Heracles Alcestis Admetus

The wife indeed of Admetus is dead, O stranger.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5
Heracles resolves to seize Thanatos and restore Alcestis to Admetus.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5 · now

Heracles Thanatos Alcestis Admetus

For I must rescue the woman lately dead, Alcestis, and place her again in this house, and perform this service for Admetus.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5
Heracles plans to descend to the underworld if he cannot capture Thanatos at the tomb.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 5

Heracles Cora Hades Alcestis

I will go a journey beneath to the sunless mansions of Cora and her king, and will prefer my request; and I trust that I shall bring up Alcestis

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 6
Alcestis died for Admetus, enabling him to escape Hades.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 6 · in olden time

Alcestis Admetus

She in olden time died for her husband, but now she is a blest divinity

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 6
Admetus had married Alcestis and shared his palace with her.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 6

Alcestis Admetus

But thou didst join to thy bed the noblest wife of all women.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 6
Heracles entrusted a woman he won in a contest to Admetus as a palace attendant.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 6

Heracles Admetus

Receive and take care of this woman for me, until I come hither driving the Thracian mares

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 7
Heracles restores Alcestis from death and reveals her presence to Admetus.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 7

Heracles Alcestis

But do I behold my wife, whom I buried? HER. Be well assured thou dost; but I wonder not at thy disbelief of thy fortune.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 7
Admetus accepts Alcestis back into his household despite his grief and hesitation.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 7

Admetus Alcestis

Lead her in, if I must receive her in my house.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 7
Admetus orders public celebrations and sacrifices, declaring his household restored to happiness.

Euripides, Alcestis — Scene 7

Admetus

But to the citizens, and to all the tetrarchy I issue my commands, that they institute dances in honor of these happy events, and make the altars odorous with their sacrifices of oxen that accompany their vows.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1
Cadmus transferred his honor and power over the land to Pentheus.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Cadmus Pentheus

Cadmus then gave his honor and power to Pentheus, born from his daughter, who fights against the Gods as far as I am concerned

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1
Pentheus rejected Bacchus’s worship and persecuted those who celebrated his rites.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Pentheus Dionysus

Pentheus, the then reigning king, who, as others say, preferred the worship of Minerva, slighted the new God, and persecuted those who celebrated his revels.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1
Bacchus drove Agave, Autonoe, and Ino mad and expelled them from the house.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1

Dionysus Agave Autonoe Ino

Upon this, Bacchus excited his mother Agave, together with the sisters of Semele, Autonoe and Ino, to madness

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1
Pentheus imprisoned Bacchus, who then escaped from his bonds.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1 · at first

Dionysus Pentheus

was at first imprisoned, but, easily escaping from his bonds,

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1
Bacchus incited the Bacchants, who tore Pentheus apart.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1 · While surveying them from a lofty tree

Dionysus Pentheus

While surveying them from a lofty tree, the voice of Bacchus was heard inciting the Bacchants to avenge themselves upon the intruder, and they tore the miserable Pentheus piecemeal.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1
Agave was banished for unknowingly killing Pentheus.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 1

Agave

The grief and banishment of Agave for her unwitting offense conclude the play.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2
Zeus married Semele.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2

Zeus Semele

having married Semele here

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2
Zeus rescued Dionysus from the lightning flame and carried him as an infant to Olympus.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Olympus]]

Zeus Dionysus

when Jove snatched him out of the lightning flame, and bore him, a young infant, up to Olympus

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2
Actaeon was torn to pieces by the hunting hounds he had reared.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2 · 📍 [[meadows]]

Actaeon

You see the hapless fate of Actæon, whom his blood-thirsty hounds, whom he had reared up, tore to pieces in the meadows

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2
Pentheus's imprisoned Bacchae escaped when their fetters loosened and prison doors opened miraculously.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2

Pentheus

the Bacchæ whom you shut up, whom you carried off and bound in the chains of the public prison, they being set loose are escaped, and are dancing in the meadows, invoking Bromius as their God, and of their own accord the fetters were loosed from their feet, and the keys opened the doors without mortal hand

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2
Pentheus's servants captured Dionysus and led him away bound.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2

Pentheus Dionysus

Pentheus, we are here; having caught this prey, for which you sent us: nor have we gone in vain; but the beast was docile in our hands, nor did he withdraw his foot in flight, but yielded not unwillingly

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2
Pentheus ordered Dionysus brought bound to Thebes for execution by stoning.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Pentheus Dionysus

if you catch him, convey him hither bound; that meeting with a judgment of stoning he may die, having seen a bitter revelry of Bacchus in Thebes

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 3
Pentheus orders Dionysus confined in prison and threatens his accompanying women with enslavement.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 3 · 📍 [[house of Pentheus]]

Pentheus Dionysus

Begone! confine him near the stable of horses that he may behold dim darkness! There dance; and as for these women whom you bring with you, the accomplices in your wickedness, we will either sell them away, or stopping their hand from this noise and beating of skins, I will keep them as slaves at the loom.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 3
Dionysus escapes confinement without being touched or bound.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 3

Dionysus

I delivered myself easily without trouble.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 3
Dionysus destroys Pentheus’s house and leaves Pentheus exhausted after his failed attack.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 3 · 📍 [[house of Pentheus]]

Dionysus Pentheus

and threw down his house to the ground, and every thing was shivered in pieces, while he beheld my bitter chains; and from fatigue dropping his sword, he falls exhausted--for he being a man, dared to join battle with a God

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 3
Dionysus publicly identifies himself as Semele’s son and Zeus’s son.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 3

Dionysus Semele Zeus

Io, Io, I say again! I, the son of Semele, the son of Jove!

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 4
Agave led the Bacchæ in defeating armed men and ravaging nearby settlements.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Cithæron]] · at the appointed hour

Agave Dionysus Pentheus

and they went back again to whence they had departed, to the same fountains which the God had caused to spring up for them, and they washed off the blood

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 4
Pentheus ordered the shield-bearers, horsemen, and archers to assemble for an attack on the Bacchæ.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 4 · 📍 [[the Electra gates]]

Pentheus

But I must not hesitate; go to the Electra gates, bid all the shield-bearers and riders of swift-footed horses to assemble, and all who brandish the light shield, and twang with their hand the string of the bow, as we will make an attack upon the Bacchæ

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 4
Dionysus persuaded Pentheus to disguise himself as a woman and accompany him to observe the Mænads.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 4

Dionysus Pentheus

BAC. Put on then linen garments on your body. PEN. What then, shall I be reckoned among women, being a man? BAC. Lest they slay you if you be seen there, being a man. PEN. You say this well, and you have been long wise. BAC. Bacchus taught me this wisdom. PEN. How then can these things which you advise me be well done? BAC. I will attire you, going into the house. PEN. With what dress--a woman's? but shame possesses me. BAC. Do you no longer wish to be a spectator of the Mænads? PEN. But what attire do you bid me put on my body? BAC. I will spread out your hair at length on your head. PEN. And what is the next point of my equipment? BAC. A garment down to your feet; and you shall have a turban on your head. PEN. Shall you put any thing else on me besides this? BAC. A thyrsus in your hand, and the dappled hide of a deer. PEN. I can not wear a woman's dress. BAC. But you will shed blood if you join battle with the Bacchæ. PEN. True; we must first go and see.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 5
Pentheus becomes delirious, seeing two suns and twin Thebes.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 5

Pentheus

And indeed I think I see two suns, and twin Thebes, and seven-gated city

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 5
Dionysus disguises Pentheus in women's clothing to spy on the Bacchæ.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 5

Dionysus Pentheus

come forth before the house, be seen by me, having the costume of a woman, of a frantic Bacchant, as a spy upon your mother and her company!

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 5
Pentheus follows Dionysus toward the Bacchæ, undertaking his spying mission.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 5

Dionysus Pentheus

But follow me, I am your saving guide, some one else will guide you away from thence.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6
Pentheus dies.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6

Pentheus

Pentheus is dead, the son of his father Echion.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6
Dionysus commands the Bacchae to punish Pentheus for mocking the god and his rites.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Cithæron]]

Dionysus Pentheus

O youthful women, I bring you him who made you and me and my orgies a laughing-stock: but punish ye him.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6
Agave attacks Pentheus despite his pleading and tears off his shoulder.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Cithæron]]

Agave Pentheus

And seizing his left hand with her hand, treading on the side of the unhappy man, she tore off his shoulder

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6
Ino tears flesh from Pentheus, helping complete his slaughter.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Cithæron]]

Ino Pentheus

and Ino completed the work on the other side, tearing his flesh.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6
The Bacchae tear Pentheus apart and scatter his body in pieces.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Cithæron]]

Agave Autonoe Ino Pentheus

the whole band, with gory hands, tore to pieces the flesh of Pentheus: and his body lies in different places

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6
Agave fixes Pentheus’s head atop a thyrsus and carries it away.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Cithæron]]

Agave Pentheus

having fixed it on the top of a thyrsus, she is bearing it, like that of a savage lion, through the middle of Cithæron

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7
Agave and her sisters kill Pentheus during the Bacchic frenzy.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Cithæron]]

Agave Autonoe Ino Pentheus

And having returned again to the mountain, I bring back my child, slain by the Mænads.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7
Agave recognizes that the severed head she carries belongs to Pentheus.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7

Agave Pentheus Cadmus

No: but I, wretched, hold the head of Pentheus.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7
Agave regains awareness and forgets her earlier delusion.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7

Agave Pentheus Cadmus

I understand not your word; but I become somehow sobered, changing from my former mind.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7
Dionysus decrees serpentine transformations for Cadmus and Harmonia.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7

Dionysus Cadmus Harmonia

you shall become a dragon, and your wife becoming a beast, shall receive in exchange the form of a serpent, Harmonia

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7
Dionysus's decree banishes Cadmus and his daughters to foreign lands.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Dionysus Cadmus Agave Autonoe Ino

Alas! a miserable banishment is the decree [for us,] old man. BAC. Why do ye then delay what must needs be? CAD. O child, into what terrible evil have we come; both you wretched and your * * * * sisters, and I miserable, shall go, an aged sojourner, to foreigners.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7
Agave leaves her ancestral city as a fugitive.

Euripides, The Bacchæ — Scene 7

Agave

Farewell, O house! farewell, O ancestral city! I leave you in misfortune a fugitive from my chamber.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1
Eurystheus drives Heracles' children from Greece; Iolaus brings them to Athens as suppliants.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Eurystheus Iolaus Demophon Heracles Hyllus

For the sons of Hercules having been driven out of every part of Greece by Eurystheus, he came with them to Athens; and, embracing the altars of the Gods, was safe, Demophoon being king of the city;

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1
Demophoon prevents Copreus from removing the suppliants from the altars.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Copreus Iolaus Demophon

and when Copreus, the herald of Eurystheus, wished to remove the suppliants, he prevented him.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1
Copreus violently drags Iolaus from the altar.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1

Copreus Iolaus

IOL. This man, O strangers, dishonoring your Gods, drags me violently from the altar of Jupiter.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1
An oracle promises Demophoon victory only if he sacrifices the noblest Athenian virgin.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1

Demophon

But hearing the oracles promise him victory if he sacrificed the most noble Athenian virgin to Ceres, he was grieved;

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1
Macaria willingly sacrifices herself after learning of the oracle.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1

Macaria

But Macaria, one of the daughters of Hercules, hearing of the prediction, willingly devoted herself.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1
Macaria is honored after her death, and the Heraclids march to battle.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1

Macaria Iolaus Demophon Hyllus

They honored her for her noble death, and, knowing that their enemies were at hand, went forth to battle.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1
The Heraclids defeat their enemies and capture Eurystheus.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 1

Eurystheus Demophon Iolaus Hyllus

The play ends with their victory, and the capture of Eurystheus.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2
Eurystheus sends Copreus to seize the exiled Heraclids and return them to Mycenae.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2

Eurystheus Copreus

Eurystheus, the king of Mycenæ, sends me hither to lead away these men; and I have come

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2
Copreus attempts to drag Iolaus from the altar by force and trips him.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2

Copreus Iolaus

This man caused the noise, seeking to lead him by force from this hearth; and he tripped up the legs of the old man

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2
Iolaus states that a decree has exiled the Heraclids from Argos.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2 · 📍 Argos

Iolaus

since nothing of Argos is any longer ours, (it having been decreed by a vote,) but we are exiled our country

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2
Demophoon refuses to surrender Iolaus and the children, guaranteeing their protection at the altar.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Athens]] · even now

Demophon Iolaus

fear not that any one shall drag you and these children by force from this altar

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2
Demophoon orders Copreus to report his refusal to Eurystheus and submit any charges to justice.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2 · 📍 Argos

Demophon Copreus Eurystheus

going to Argos, both tell this to Eurystheus; and besides that, if he has any charge against these strangers, he shall meet with justice

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2
Heracles brings Theseus out of the underworld after their expedition for the belt.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 2 · formerly

Heracles Theseus

from the murky recesses of hell did he bring forth your father

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3
Copreus departs to bring the Argive army against Athens under Eurystheus’s command.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3

Copreus Eurystheus

I go; for the struggle of a single hand is powerless. But I will come, bringing hither many a brazen spear of Argive war; and ten thousand shield-bearers await me, and Eurystheus, the king himself, as general.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3
Demophon prepares Athens for invasion by assembling citizens, sending spies, and arranging sacrifices.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3

Demophon

I will make an assembly of the citizens, and draw them up so as to receive the army of the Mycenæans with a large force. First, I will send spies toward it, that it may not fall upon me by surprise

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3
Iolaus refuses to leave the altar and continues waiting there as a suppliant.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3

Iolaus

I will not leave the altar; but we will sit here, as suppliants, waiting till the city is successful

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3
The Argive army approaches, while Eurystheus reconnoitres from a lofty crag before attacking.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3

Demophon Eurystheus

The army of the Argives is coming, and Eurystheus the king. I have seen it myself

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3
The gathered oracles command Demophon to sacrifice a noble-born girl to Demeter’s daughter.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3

Demophon

they command me to sacrifice to the daughter of Ceres a damsel who is of a noble father.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3
Demophon refuses to sacrifice his child or compel another citizen, risking civil war.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 3

Demophon

I will neither slay my own child nor compel any other of my citizens to do so unwillingly; and who is so mad of his own accord, as to give out of his hands his dearest children?

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 4
Iolaus reveals that an oracle requires sacrificing a noble-born virgin to save the children and city.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 4

Iolaus Macaria

the deliverers of oracles order us to sacrifice not a bull or a heifer, but a virgin, who is of a noble father, if we and this city would exist.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 4
Macaria voluntarily offers herself for sacrifice to save her brothers and the suppliants.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 4

Macaria

for I myself, old man, before I am commanded, am prepared to die, and to stand for slaughter

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 4
Iolaus proposes choosing the sacrificial victim by lot, but Macaria refuses and freely chooses death.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 4

Iolaus Macaria

I will not die, obtaining the lot by chance, for then there are no thanks [to me;]--speak it not, old man; but if you accept me, and are willing to use me willing, I readily give up my life to them, but not, being compelled.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 4
Macaria asks Iolaus to lead her to sacrifice and requests death at women's hands rather than men's.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 4

Macaria Iolaus

But follow me, O old man; for I wish to die by your hand; and do you, being present, wrap my body in my garments, since I am going to the terror of sacrifice

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 5
Hyllus arrives in the country bringing an army.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 5

Hyllus

He announces that your son's son is come.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 5
Hyllus marshals his army for battle against the Argive forces.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 5

Hyllus

He is stationing and marshaling the army which he has come bringing.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6
Hyllus and Iolaus defeat Eurystheus’s Argive forces in battle.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6

Hyllus Eurystheus Iolaus

And with difficulty doing every thing, not without toils did we put the Argive force to flight

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6
Iolaus is miraculously transformed from an old man into a young man.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6

Iolaus

He has changed from an old into a young man again.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6
Iolaus captures Eurystheus and brings him away in fetters.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Scironian rocks]]

Iolaus Eurystheus

The glorious Iolaus takes the four-horse chariot of Eurystheus at the Scironian rocks--and having bound his hands in fetters, he comes bringing as glorious first-fruits of victory, the general

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6
Hyllus and Iolaus erect a statue of Jupiter to commemorate their victory.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6

Hyllus Iolaus Zeus

Hyllus, therefore, and the good Iolaus, have set up a statue, in honor of their victory, of Jove, the putter to flight

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6
Alcmena declares Hercules’ children free to return to their father’s city and inherit his land.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6

Alcmena Hyllus Heracles

O children, now indeed you shall be free from toils, and free from Eurystheus, who shall perish miserably; and ye shall see the city of your sire, and you shall tread on your inheritance of land

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6
Hercules ascends to heaven after his body is consumed in fire.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6

Heracles

Your son, O old woman, is gone to heaven; he shuns the report of having descended to the realm of Pluto, being consumed as to his body in the terrible flame of fire

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6
Hercules joins Hebe in the golden hall as her husband.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6

Heracles Hebe

and he embraces the lovely bed of Hebe in the golden hall. O Hymen, you have honored two children of Jupiter.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6
Eurystheus is brought captive before Alcmena for punishment.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 6

Eurystheus Alcmena

We are come, bringing to you Eurystheus here, an unhoped-for sight

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 7
Eurystheus reveals Apollo’s oracle that he will be buried at Pallene and protect the city.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Pallene]] · when I am dead

Eurystheus Apollo

I will present with an ancient oracle of Apollo, which, in time, will be of greater profit than you would expect; for ye will bury me when I am dead, where it is fated, before the temple of the divine virgin of Pallene

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 7
Alcmena orders Eurystheus slain and his corpse given to the dogs.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 7

Alcmena Eurystheus

Take him away, O servants; then having slain him, ye must give him to the dogs; for hope not thou, that living, thou shalt again banish me from my native land.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 7
The city releases Eurystheus instead of killing him.

Euripides, The Heraclidæ — Scene 7

Eurystheus

the city, being wise, has let me go, having greater honor for God than for its enmity toward me.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1
Tyndarus allows Helen to choose a suitor, and she chooses Menelaus.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1 · But after they had pledged themselves

Helen Menelaus Tyndareus

He permits his daughter to choose one of the suitors, toward whom the friendly gales of Venus might impel her. But she chose (whom would she had never taken!) Menelaus.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1
Helen is carried away from Menelaus to Ida by her new companion.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Ida]]

Helen Menelaus

loving Helen who loved him, he stole and bore her away to the bull-stalls of Ida, having found Menelaus abroad.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1
The Greek forces gather at Aulis and select Agamemnon as their general.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · Henceforth

Agamemnon Menelaus

Henceforth the Greeks hastening with the spear, having taken their arms, come to this Aulis with its narrow straits, with ships and shields together, and accoutred with many horses and chariots. And they chose me general of the host, out of regard for Menelaus, being his brother forsooth.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1
Calchas declares that Iphigenia must be sacrificed to Diana for the Greeks to sail and sack Troy.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · But Calchas the seer proclaimed to us

Calchas Agamemnon Iphigenia Artemis

But Calchas the seer proclaimed to us, being at a loss, that we should sacrifice Iphigenia, whom I begat, to Diana, who inhabits this place, and that if we sacrificed her, we should have both our voyage, and the sacking of Troy

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1
Agamemnon orders Talthybius to dismiss the Greek army rather than sacrifice Iphigenia.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · But I hearing this in rousing proclamation

Agamemnon Talthybius

But I hearing this in rousing proclamation, bade Talthybius dismiss the whole army, as I should never have the heart to slay my daughter.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1
Agamemnon deceives Clytaemnestra by summoning Iphigenia under the pretense of marriage to Achilles.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Phthia]] · Upon this

Agamemnon Clytemnestra Iphigenia Achilles

Upon this, indeed, my brother, alleging every kind of reasoning, persuaded me to dare the dreadful deed, and having written in the folds of a letter, I sent word to my wife to send her daughter as if to be married to Achilles, both enlarging on the dignity of the man, and asserting that he would not sail with the Greeks, unless a wife for him from among us should come to Phthia.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1
Agamemnon reverses his decision and writes Clytaemnestra not to send Iphigenia to Aulis.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · But the things which I then determined not well

Agamemnon Clytemnestra Iphigenia

But the things which I then determined not well, I am now differently writing so as to be well, in this letter, which by the shadow of night thou beheldest me opening and closing, old man.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 2
Paris carried Helen away from Eurotas, prompting the Greek expedition against Troy.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Eurotas]]

Paris Helen Aphrodite

whom the herdsman Paris bore from reed-nourishing Eurotas, a gift of Venus

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 2
Calchas declared that Agamemnon must sacrifice his daughter to enable the Greek fleet to sail.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · when Calchas o'er the victims said

Calchas Agamemnon

when Calchas o'er the victims said that thou must sacrifice thy daughter to Diana, and that there would [then] be means of sailing for the Greeks

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 2
Agamemnon summoned his daughter to the army under the pretext of marrying her to Achilles.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · then

Agamemnon Achilles

you send to your wife to convoy your daughter hither, on a pretext of being wedded to Achilles

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 2
Agamemnon altered the letter to cancel his agreement to kill his daughter.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · afterward

Agamemnon Menelaus

And then changing [your mind] you are caught altering to other writings, to the effect that you will not now be the slayer of your daughter

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 2
Menelaus broke Agamemnon's seal and exposed the concealed contents of his letter.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Menelaus Agamemnon

Ay, so as to pain thee, having unfolded the ills thou hast wrought privily

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 3
Iphigenia, Clytaemnestra, and Orestes arrive at Aulis to join Agamemnon.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Iphigenia Clytemnestra Orestes Agamemnon

I am come, bringing thy daughter to thee, whom thou didst name Iphigenia in thy palace. But her mother follows, the person of thy [wife] Clytæmnestra, and the boy Orestes

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 3
Agamemnon accepts that the Greek army requires Iphigenia’s bloody sacrifice.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Agamemnon Iphigenia

But [consider,] for we are come into circumstances that render it necessary to accomplish the bloody slaughter of my daughter.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 3
Menelaus abandons his demand for sacrifice and urges Agamemnon to spare Iphigenia.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Agamemnon Menelaus Iphigenia

And I have changed my old determinations, not being wrath against you, but I will place myself in your present situation, and I recommend you neither to slay your child, nor to take my part

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 3
Menelaus reconciles with Agamemnon after pitying his distress and changes his former position.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Menelaus Agamemnon

I, beholding thee letting fall the tear from thine eyes, pitied thee, and myself let fall [a tear] for thee in return.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 4
Agamemnon secretly orders Menelaus to prevent Clytaemnestra learning that he will sacrifice Iphigenia.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · before I take and offer my daughter to Hades

Agamemnon Menelaus Clytemnestra Iphigenia

Take care of one thing for me, Menelaus, going through the army, that Clytæmnestra may not learn these matters, before I take and offer my daughter to Hades

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 4
Agamemnon announces that Iphigenia will be married to Achilles after the sacrifice.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · When the prospering orb of the moon comes round

Agamemnon Iphigenia Achilles

Such a man will be the husband of thy child.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 4
Agamemnon reveals that Iphigenia will stand around the altar during the planned sacrifice.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · before I take and offer my daughter to Hades

Agamemnon Iphigenia

Yet shalt thou know it, for thou wilt stand round the altar.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 4
Clytaemnestra refuses Agamemnon's order to return to Argos and insists on attending Iphigenia's wedding.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 4 · 📍 Argos

Clytemnestra Agamemnon Iphigenia

But go you, and attend to matters abroad, but I [will mind] the affairs at home, as to the things which should be present to virgins at their wedding.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 5
Agamemnon plans to sacrifice Iphigenia to Diana so the Greek army can proceed.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 5

Agamemnon Iphigenia Artemis Calchas

The oracles, as at least Calchas says, in order that the army may be able to proceed.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 5
Agamemnon deceives Clytaemnestra into bringing Iphigenia under the pretext of marrying Achilles.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 5

Agamemnon Clytemnestra Iphigenia Achilles

That thou rejoicing mightest bring thy child, as if about to wed her to Achilles.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 5
Menelaus intercepts Agamemnon's letter intended to prevent Clytaemnestra from bringing Iphigenia.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 5

Menelaus Agamemnon Clytemnestra

Menelaus, who is the cause of these evils, took it from me.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 5
Achilles discovers that Agamemnon falsely invoked his name as Iphigenia's bridegroom.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 5

Achilles Agamemnon Iphigenia

I never wooed thy daughter, lady, nor has any thing been said to me on the subject of marriage by the Atrides.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 5
Clytaemnestra learns that Agamemnon intends to kill their daughter.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 5

Clytemnestra Agamemnon Iphigenia

The father who begat her is about to slay thy daughter with his own hand.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 6
Achilles vows that Agamemnon will not sacrifice Iphigenia and declares himself opposed to the scheme.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 6

Achilles Iphigenia Agamemnon

king Agamemnon shall not lay hands on thy daughter, not so much as with a little finger, so as to touch her garments.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 6
Achilles reveals that Agamemnon falsely used his name to lure Iphigenia under the pretense of marriage.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 6

Achilles Agamemnon Iphigenia

king Agamemnon has been guilty of insult toward me. But it behooved him to ask [the use of] my name from me, as an enticement for his daughter

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 6
Achilles undertakes to save Iphigenia, using persuasion first and force if necessary.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 6

Achilles Clytemnestra Iphigenia Agamemnon

a mighty contest awaits me, to release you from these evils.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 6
Clytaemnestra accepts Achilles' plan to persuade Agamemnon to spare their child.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 6

Clytemnestra Achilles Agamemnon

But what thou sayest must be done.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7
Peleus and Thetis celebrated their wedding at the feast of the Gods.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Pelion]]

Peleus Thetis

when o'er Pelion at the feast of the Gods the fair-haired muses, striking their feet with golden sandals against the ground, came to the wedding of Peleus, celebrating with melodious sounds Thetis

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7
Agamemnon killed Tantalus, Clytaemnestra's former husband.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7

Agamemnon Tantalus

thou didst wed me unwilling, and obtain me by force, having slain Tantalus, my former husband

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7
Tyndareus saved Agamemnon after Agamemnon became a suppliant.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7

Tyndareus Agamemnon

my old father Tyndarus saved you, when you had become a suppliant

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7
Agamemnon forcibly took Clytaemnestra as his wife.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7

Agamemnon Clytemnestra

and thou again didst possess me as a wife

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7
Clytaemnestra bore Orestes, along with three daughters.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7

Clytemnestra Orestes

And I bear thee this son, besides three virgins

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7
Clytaemnestra exposes Agamemnon's secret plan to sacrifice Iphigenia.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7

Agamemnon Clytemnestra Iphigenia

I know and have learned all that you are about to do to me, and the very fact of thy silence, and of thy groaning much, is a proof that you confess it.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7
Agamemnon orders Iphigenia to be brought out for purification and sacrifice before the supposed marriage.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 7

Agamemnon Iphigenia Artemis

Send forth thy daughter from the house with her father, since the lustral waters are ready prepared, and the salt-cakes to scatter with the hands upon the purifying flame, and heifers, which needs must be slain in honor of the Goddess Diana before the marriage solemnities

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 8
Agamemnon departs, abandoning Iphigenia to the planned sacrifice.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 8

Agamemnon Iphigenia

But he that begot me wretched, O mother, O mother, has departed, leaving me deserted.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 8
Achilles promises Clytemnestra that he will aid in protecting Iphigenia.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 8

Achilles Clytemnestra Iphigenia

But nevertheless I will aid thee.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 8
Ulysses is chosen to conduct Iphigenia to the sacrifice.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 8

Odysseus Iphigenia

Ay, a host of them, but Ulysses will conduct her.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 8
Achilles vows to restrain Ulysses from taking Iphigenia.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 8

Achilles Odysseus

But I will restrain him.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 8
Clytemnestra declares that Iphigenia will not be slain while she can protect her.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 8

Clytemnestra Iphigenia

As far as this goes she shall not be slain.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 9
Iphigenia resolves to offer herself in sacrifice to save Greece and enable the destruction of Troy.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 9

Iphigenia Artemis

I have determined to die, and this I would fain do gloriously, I mean, by dismissing all ignoble thoughts.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 9
Iphigenia refuses Clytemnestra’s accompaniment and departs to be sacrificed.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 9 · 📍 [[meadow of Diana]]

Iphigenia Clytemnestra

But let some one of these my father's followers conduct me to the meadow of Diana, where I may be sacrificed. CLY. O child, thou art going. IPH. Ay, and I shall ne'er return.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 9
Iphigenia asks Clytemnestra not to hate Agamemnon for causing her death.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 9

Iphigenia Agamemnon

Hate not my father, yes, thy husband.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 9
Iphigenia entrusts Orestes’ upbringing to Clytemnestra before her departure.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 9

Iphigenia Orestes

Ay, [bid them] fare well, and do thou, for my sake, train up this [boy] Orestes to be a man.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 10
Iphigenia willingly presents herself for sacrifice on behalf of Greece.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 10 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · on this day

Iphigenia

I am here for thee, and I willing give my body on behalf of my country, and of the whole land of Greece

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 10
Artemis replaces Iphigenia with a stag, and Iphigenia vanishes from the altar.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 10 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · suddenly

Artemis Iphigenia

For every one could clearly perceive the sound of the blow, but beheld not the virgin, where on earth she had vanished. But the priest exclaimed, and the whole army shouted, beholding an unexpected prodigy from some one of the Gods

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 10
Artemis accepts the stag instead of Iphigenia and grants the Greek army a prosperous voyage.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 10 · 📍 [[Aulis]] · on this day

Artemis Iphigenia

This she prefers greatly to the virgin, lest her altar should be denied with generous blood. And she hath willingly received this, and grants us a prosperous sail, and attack upon Troy.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 10
Iphigenia is reported to have died and lived in turn, now abiding among the Gods.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 10 · this day

Iphigenia

For this day hath beheld thy daughter dying and living [in turn.]

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 10
Agamemnon leaves to lead the Greek army toward Troy and promises to return gloriously.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Aulis — Scene 10 · 📍 [[Troy]] · long hence

Agamemnon

for the army is looking toward setting sail. And fare thee well, long hence will be my addresses to thee from Troy

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1
Pelops wedged and Atreus was born from the marriage.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Pisa]]

Pelops Atreus

Pelops, the son of Tantalus, setting out to Pisa with his swift steeds, weds the daughter of Œnomaus, from whom sprang Atreus;

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1
Iphigenia was born to Agamemnon and Clytemnestra.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Agamemnon Clytemnestra Iphigenia

from Atreus his sons, Menelaus and Agamemnon, from which [latter] I was born, Iphigenia, child of [Clytæmnestra,] daughter of Tyndarus

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1
Calchas commanded Agamemnon to sacrifice Iphigenia to Artemis.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Calchas Agamemnon Iphigenia Artemis

Agamemnon, thou wilt not lead forth thy ships from the ports of this land, before Diana shall receive thy daughter Iphigenia as a victim;

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1
Artemis substituted a stag, rescued Iphigenia, and carried her to Tauris.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Artemis Iphigenia

but Diana, giving to the Greeks a stag in my stead, stole me away, and, sending me through the clear ether, she settled me in this land of the Tauri

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1
Artemis installed Iphigenia as priestess in her temple.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1 · 📍 [[land of the Tauri]]

Artemis Iphigenia

And she places me in this house as priestess

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1
Orestes killed Clytemnestra and was driven into exile by the Furies.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1

Orestes Clytemnestra

when I had avenged the blood of my father by slaying my mother? But by successive attacks of the Furies was I driven an exile, an outcast from the land

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1
Phoebus commanded Orestes to steal Artemis’s image to end his madness and suffering.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Tauric territory]]

Apollo Orestes

thou didst answer that I must come to the confines of the Tauric territory, where thy sister Diana possesses altars, and must take the image of the Goddess

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2
Clytemnestra gave birth to Iphigenia and raised her as a sacrificial victim.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2

Iphigenia Clytemnestra

whom, the first-born germ the wretched daughter of Leda, (Clytæmnestra,) wooed from among the Greeks brought forth, and trained up as a victim to a father's sin

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2
Iphigenia was brought to Aulis as a sacrificial bride.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Iphigenia

But in a horse-chariot they brought me to the sands of Aulis, a bride, alas! unhappy bride to the son of Nereus' daughter

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2
Orestes and Pylades were identified as sacrificial strangers in Tauris.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Symplegades]]

Orestes Pylades

Two youths are come into this land, to the dark-blue Symplegades, fleeing into a ship, a grateful sacrifice and offering to Diana.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2
Orestes suffered madness and attacked cattle, believing he was avenging himself on the Furies.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Symplegades]]

Orestes Pylades

And he drawing a sword with his hand, rushing among the calves, lion-like, strikes them on the flank with the steel, driving it into their sides, fancying that he was thus avenging himself on the Fury Goddesses

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2
Pylades tended Orestes after the madness left him wounded and collapsed.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Symplegades]]

Pylades Orestes

But the other of the strangers wiped away the foam, and tended his mouth, and spread over him the well-woven texture of his garments, guarding well the coming wounds, and aiding his friend with tender offices.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2
Herdsmen overpowered Orestes and Pylades, disarmed them, and captured them.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Symplegades]]

Orestes Pylades

And we with difficulty, I will not say overcome them by force, but taking them in a circle, beat their swords out of their hands with stones, and they dropped their knees to earth [overcome] with toil.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2
The king sent the captured strangers to Iphigenia for purification and sacrifice.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Symplegades]]

Orestes Pylades Iphigenia

And we brought them to the king of this land, but he, when he beheld them, sent them as quickly as possible to thee for lustral waters and sacrifice.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3
Agamemnon nearly sacrificed Iphigenia at Aulis.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Iphigenia Agamemnon

where the sons of Danaus seized, and would have slain me like as a calf, and the father who begat me was the priest.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3
Helen returned to Menelaus and now lives in Sparta.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Sparta]]

Helen Menelaus

She dwells in Sparta with her former consort.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3
Calchas died at Mycenæ after returning from Troy.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Mycenæ]]

Calchas

He perished, as the story ran, at Mycenæ.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3
Odysseus remains alive but has not yet returned home.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3

Odysseus

He has not yet returned to his home, but he is alive, as report goes.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3
Achilles is reported dead, making his wedding at Aulis futile.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Achilles

He is not. In vain he held his wedding in Aulis.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3
Agamemnon was slain shamefully by a woman.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3

Agamemnon

for he has fallen, slain shamefully by a woman.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3
Orestes killed his mother in vengeance for his father's death.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3

Orestes

The son she brought forth, he slew her.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3
Orestes fled Argos unwillingly, becoming separated from his homeland.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 3 · 📍 Argos

Orestes

I flee in a certain wise unwilling, willingly.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5
Orestes reveals his identity, and Iphigenia recognizes and embraces her surviving brother.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5

Orestes Iphigenia

O dearest one, no more, for thou art dearest. I hold thee, Orestes, one darling son far away from his father-land, from Argos, O thou dear one!

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5
Agamemnon nearly sacrifices Iphigenia at Aulis under the pretense of marrying her to Achilles.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Agamemnon Iphigenia

But I wretched remember when my father with foolish spirit laid the sword upon my neck.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5
Electra is married to Pylades.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5

Electra Pylades

Hail! O thou spouse of my sister.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5
Orestes kills his mother, prompting persecution by the Erinnyes.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5

Orestes

deeply groaning, because I was my mother's slayer.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5
Orestes becomes an exile from his country while Menelaus rules Argos.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5 · 📍 Argos

Orestes

Menelaus rules: I am an exile from my country.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5
Orestes wins the matricide trial after Phoebus testifies and Pallas casts the equal vote.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Orestes Apollo Athena

Phœbus saved me by bearing witness, but Pallas counted out for me the equal votes with her hand, and I came off victor in the bloody trial.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5
Phoebus commands Orestes to seize the Goddess's image and take it to Athens.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Orestes Apollo

Upon this Phœbus, uttering a voice from the golden tripod, sent me hither to seize the heaven-sent image, and place it in the land of Athens.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5
Iphigenia devises a deception, claiming Orestes came from Argos as a matricide.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 5 · 📍 Argos

Iphigenia Orestes

I will say that thou, being slayer of thy mother, art come from Argos.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6
Iphigenia devises a purification ruse to carry the sacred image and the prisoners to the ship.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6

Iphigenia Orestes Pylades

I will say that I must wash that too, as if you had laid hands on it.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6
The women agree to keep Iphigenia’s escape plan secret.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6

Iphigenia

on my part all shall be kept secret, the mighty Jove be witness! in the things thou enjoinest.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6
Iphigenia falsely declares the strangers polluted by matricide and claims the image must be purified outside.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6 · 📍 [[temple]]

Iphigenia Thoas

They put an end to a mother's life by conspiring sword.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6
Iphigenia reveals to Thoas that Orestes and Agamemnon are alive.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6

Iphigenia Orestes Thoas

That my only brother Orestes fares well.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6
Thoas accepts Iphigenia’s purification plan and permits her to take the strangers away.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6

Iphigenia Thoas

Lead them whither thou wilt, I crave not to see things that may not be told.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6
Thoas orders the strangers fettered, brought to Iphigenia, and escorted by attendants.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6

Iphigenia Orestes Pylades Thoas

Go for the fetters, attendants.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6
Thoas agrees to remain and purify the temple while Iphigenia handles the sacred image.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 6 · 📍 [[temple]]

Iphigenia Thoas

Purify the house with a torch.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7
Iphigenia escapes with Orestes and the sacred image after the expiations are revealed as pretended.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7

Iphigenia Orestes

The virgin, she that presided over the altars here, Iphigenia, has gone out of the land with the strangers, having the sacred image of the Goddess; but the expiations were pretended.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7
Orestes reveals that Iphigenia is his sister and that he is Agamemnon’s son.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7

Iphigenia Orestes Agamemnon

Orestes, her brother, that you may know, the son of Agamemnon, I, having taken this my sister, whom I had lost from my house, am bearing her off.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7
The escaping siblings are attacked by Thoas’s men while attempting to launch their ship.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7

Orestes Iphigenia Thoas

But naught the less we clung to the female stranger, and compelled them by force to follow us to thee, upon which arose sad smitings of the cheeks.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7
Athena commands Thoas to stop pursuing Orestes and Iphigenia.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7

Athena Thoas

Cease pursuing, and stirring on the onset of your host.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7
Poseidon calms the sea and guides Orestes’s ship away from danger.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7

Poseidon Orestes Iphigenia

Neptune has already, for my sake, rendered the surface of the sea waveless, piloting him along in the ship.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7
Athena commands Orestes to take Iphigenia and the sacred image to Athens.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Athena Orestes Iphigenia

go, taking the image and thy sister. And when thou art come to heaven-built Athens

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7
Athena appoints Iphigenia guardian of her temple at Brauron.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Brauron]]

Athena Iphigenia

But, O Iphigenia, thou must needs be guardian of the temple of this Goddess at the hallowed ascent of Brauron

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7
Thoas accepts Athena’s command, abandons his attack, and permits the fugitives to depart.

Euripides, Iphigenia In Tauris — Scene 7

Thoas Orestes Iphigenia

But I will not be angry with Orestes, if he has carried away the image of the Goddess with him, nor with his sister.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1
Heracles descended to the underworld to bring Cerberus into the world of the living.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Tænarus]]

Heracles

he through Tænarus’ jaws at length Went to the house of Pluto, to drag forth Into the realms of day hell’s triple hound

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1
Lycus (the younger) killed Creon and seized the throne of Thebes.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Lycus (the younger) Creon

Lycus’ son who bears His father’s name, no Theban, but arriving From the Eubœan state, slew royal Creon, And having slain him, seized the throne

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1
Amphitryon and Megara sought asylum at Zeus’s altar with Heracles’ children.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1

Amphitryon Megara

With their afflicted mother, lest the race Of Hercules should bleed, for an asylum Have chosen this altar of protecting Jove

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1
Lycus (the younger) planned to kill Megara, Heracles’ children, and Amphitryon.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Lycus (the younger) Megara Amphitryon

Lycus th’ egregious monarch of this land Would with the children of Alcides kill His consort, by fresh murders to extinguish The past, and kill me too

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1
Heracles promised Eurystheus to rid the world of every pest.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1

Heracles Eurystheus

this great reward He on Eurystheus promised to bestow, That he would rid the world of every pest

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1
Heracles defeated the Minyans and erected Zeus’s altar as a memorial of victory.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 1

Heracles

Which my illustrious son for a memorial Of his victorious arms did here erect, When he in battle had subdued the Minyans

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 2
Lycus orders the bodies of Heracles’ children burned around the altar.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Lycus Heracles

Bid them fell knotted oaks, and having borne them Into the city, heap their ponderous trunks Around the altar, and with kindled flames Consume the bodies of this hated race;

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 2
Lycus permits Megara and the children to enter the paternal house for funeral dressing.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Lycus Megara

Your wishes Shall be complied with. I my servants bid Unbar the gates. Go in, bedeck yourselves;

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 2
Lycus promises to kill Megara and Heracles’ children after they put on funeral robes.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Lycus Megara Heracles

The costly robes I grudge not: but no sooner Shall ye have put them on, than I to you Will come, and plunge you in the shades beneath.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3
Heracles captures Diomedes’ man-eating horses at Eurystheus’ command.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Pelion]]

Heracles Diomedes Eurystheus

O’er Hebrus’ silver tide at the command Of Argos’ unrelenting king Eurystheus, he these captive steeds did bring, Close to Anauros’ mouth on Pelion’s strand.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3
Heracles kills Cycnus, the hostile enemy of strangers.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Amphanea]]

Heracles Cycnus

Inhuman Cycnus, son of Mars, next felt The force of his resounding bow, Unsocial wretch, the stranger’s foe, Who in Amphanea dwelt.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3
Heracles relieves Atlas of the heavens’ burden and supports the gods’ abode.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3

Heracles Atlas

The wearied Atlas he relieved, His arm the starry realms upheaved, And propped the gods’ abode.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3
Heracles battles the Amazons and obtains Hippolyta’s belt.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Mæotis]]

Heracles Hippolyta

Foe to the Amazons’ equestrian race He crossed the boisterous Euxine tide, And gave them battle by Mæotis’ side. What friends through Greece collected he to face Hippolita, th’ intrepid maid, That he the belt of Mars might gain,

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3
Heracles subdues the Hydra and slays the triple-formed Geryon.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Erythræa]]

Heracles Geryon

The hundred-headed hydra, he subdued, Aided by fire, and winged shafts combined, These from his well-stored quiver flew, And triple-formed Geryon slew, Fierce Erythræa’s hind.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3
Heracles returns from Pluto’s mansion and reaches his home alive.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Pluto’s mansion]]

Heracles

All hail, thou mansion, and thou vestibule Of my abode; thee with what joy once more Do I behold, revisiting the light.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3
Lycus seizes the Theban throne through revolt.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Lycus

By revolt He holds the sceptre of the Theban realm.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3
Lycus murders Megara’s brothers and aged father.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Lycus

My valiant brothers, And aged sire, alas! are now no more. HER. Who slew them, how, or with what weapon? MEG. Lycus, The monarch of this city, was their murderer.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4
Heracles returns from the underworld to his household gods.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4 · after a long delay

Heracles

From the sunless caves beneath Of Proserpine, after a long delay Returning, first to our domestic gods Will I be mindful to address my vows.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4
Heracles brings Theseus back from the underworld, enabling Theseus to return to Athens.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4

Heracles Theseus

I there prolonged may stay, My sire, to bring back Theseus from the shades.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4
Lycus forcibly removes Amphitryon from his bed and drives the family from their home.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4

Lycus Amphitryon

From his bed thy sire Was forcibly dragged forth.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4
Heracles vows to overthrow Lycus and kill those who persecuted his family.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4

Heracles Lycus

But I, for wrongs like these Demand my vengeful arm, with speed will go And overturn the house of that new king, His impious head I to the ravenous hounds Lopped from his trunk will cast

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4
Lycus orders Amphitryon to bring Megara and the children outside to die.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4

Lycus Amphitryon Megara

But go, command the children and the wife Of Hercules without these gates t’ appear, Because ye have engaged that ye will die By your own hands.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4
Lycus decides to bring Megara and the children out himself for execution.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 4

Lycus Megara

I, whom such idle scruples cannot move, Will with their mother bring the children forth.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 5
Lycus is killed, ending the tyrant’s rule.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 5 · 📍 [[palace]]

Lycus

That impious man Is now no more.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 5
Heracles completes the labours imposed by Eurystheus.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 5 · now

Heracles Eurystheus

but, each toil Eurystheus’ hate enjoined, now he hath finished,

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 5
Iris conspires with Hera to drive Heracles mad and make him kill his children.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 5

Iris Hera Heracles

Those oft-polluted hands with recent gore Will Juno stain, by urging him to slay His children: in this scheme I too conspire.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 6
Hera's agent drives Heracles into murderous madness.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 6 · soon

Hera Heracles

Thee I to a greater height Of frenzy soon will rouse, and through thy soul Cause my terrific clarion to resound.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 6
Heracles kills Lycus and casts his body from the palace.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 6

Heracles Lycus

after Hercules Had slain and cast the monarch of this land Forth from these doors.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 6
Heracles kills his three sons and Megara during his madness.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 6

Heracles Megara

There doth he taste an inauspicious sleep, First having slain his children and his consort.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 6
Pallas stops Heracles' murderous frenzy and plunges him into sleep.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 6

Athena Heracles

Pallas brandishing her pointed spear, And threw a rocky fragment at the breast Of Hercules, which checked his murderous frenzy, And plunged him into sleep.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 6
Heracles is bound to a pillar so he cannot commit further atrocities.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 6

Heracles

we, by his sire Assisted, to the pillar bound him fast With thongs

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7
Heracles awakens from his accursed trance, chained among the corpses of his murdered family.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7

Heracles

Ha! I breathe, And view each wonted object, air, and earth, And these bright solar beams.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7
Amphitryon reveals that Heracles murdered his children and consort during madness.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7

Amphitryon Heracles

See there The corses of your murdered children lie.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7
Heracles learns that Hera’s wrath caused the frenzy leading to his crimes.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7

Heracles Hera

You, your arrows, and the cause Of all these mischiefs, that remorseless goddess.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7
Heracles acknowledges murdering his children, consort, and destroying his own house.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7

Heracles

Have I murdered My consort also?

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7
Heracles considers suicide to avenge his children and escape the pollution of their blood.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7

Heracles

Why delay To leap from the high rock, or with a sword Transpierce this bosom

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7
Theseus arrives with armed Athenian youths to aid Heracles against Lycus.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Asopus’ stream]]

Theseus Heracles

An armed squadron of Athenian youths I hither bring, who near Asopus’ stream Are stationed to assist your son in battle.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7
Theseus discovers the slaughter and recognizes that Heracles’ household has been devastated.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7

Theseus Heracles

But, ha, what means the floor With weltering corses heaped?

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7
Theseus urges Heracles to uncover his face and endure the gods’ punishment rather than despair.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 7

Theseus Heracles

Rise up, unveil thy miserable head And look on me. A noble mind sustains Without reluctance what the gods inflict.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8
Heracles confesses that he murdered his wife and sons.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8

Heracles

But I at last, wretch that I am, this murder Did perpetrate, and my own children slay

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8
Heracles attributes the destruction of his family to Hera’s hatred.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8

Heracles Hera

For she now hath gained Her utmost wish, and from his basis torn The first of Grecian warriors.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8
Heracles accepts exile from Thebes after the murders.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Heracles

My fate is such That in my native Thebes I must not dwell

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8
Theseus offers Heracles refuge, purification, a palace, and a share of his wealth in Athens.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Theseus Heracles

Since thus the laws ordain; and follow me To Pallas’ city: when thy hands are there Cleansed from pollution, I to thee will give A palace, and with thee divide my wealth.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8
Heracles resolves to retreat to Theseus’s city and accepts his support.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Athens]]

Heracles Theseus

I am resolved To wait for death with firmness: to your city Meantime will I retreat, and am most grateful For your unnumbered gifts.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8
Heracles entrusts Amphitryon with burying his murdered children because exile prevents him from doing so.

Euripides, Hercules Distracted — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Thebes]]

Heracles Amphitryon

To the tomb Consign their corses with funereal pomp, And o’er them shed the tributary tear: For me the laws allow not to perform This office.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 1
Hector abandons an immediate night attack and decides to send a spy to learn the Greeks’ intentions.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Hector Aeneas

I will send a spy Among the Greeks; and if we learn what schemes They have devised, the whole of my intentions To thee will I immediately reveal

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 1
Dolon undertakes to spy on the Greek fleet and return after learning the enemy’s plans.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troy]] · this night

Dolon Hector

For my native realm, Facing this danger, to the fleet of Greece I as a spy will go; and when I’ve searched Into the progress of our foes, return

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 1
Hector offers Dolon marriage to an imperial Trojan daughter, but Dolon refuses the proposed match.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Hector Dolon

To thee a daughter of imperial Priam In marriage shall be given. DOL. With my superiors I will not wed.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 2
Dolon disguises himself in a wolf’s hide and departs to infiltrate the Grecian fleet.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Argive fleet]]

Dolon

I to my back will fit the tawny hide Of a slain wolf, will muffle up my front With the beast’s hairy visage

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 2
Dolon vows to kill Odysseus and return to Troy with his severed head.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 2 · ere the sun arise

Dolon Odysseus

And having slain Ulysses, or the son Of Tydeus, bring to you their ghastly heads

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 2
Rhesus arrives at Ilion from Thrace with a vast army to aid Troy.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Ilion]] · by night

Rhesus Hector

Thrace, and he is called The son of Strymon. HEC. Didst thou say, that Rhesus Hath entered Ilion’s fields?

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 3
Hector accepts Rhesus as Troy’s friend and orders him welcomed.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Hector Rhesus

For Ilion shall receive him as her friend.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 3
Hector conquers Thracian troops and raises Rhesus to a wide-extended throne.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Pangæum and Pæonia’s realm]]

Hector Rhesus

When round Pangæum and Pæonia’s realm Rushing upon the hardiest Thracian troops I broke their ranks of battle, and subdued The people to your empire: but you spurn My benefits

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 3
Rhesus defeats Scythian tribes, takes their children hostage, and imposes annual tribute.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Euxine shore]]

Rhesus

Having conquered them, and taken For hostages their children, them I bound To pay me annual tribute;

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 3
Odysseus steals Minerva’s image, infiltrates Ilion, kills sentinels, and escapes.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Odysseus

Entering Minerva’s fane, he stole her image, And bore it to the Grecian fleet: disguised In tattered vest, that vile impostor next Entered the gates, and cursed the Argive host, Sent as a spy to Ilion; having slain The sentinels, he through the gates escaped

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 3
Achilles remains in the Greek camp but refuses to assist the chiefs.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 3 · 📍 [[camp of Greece]]

Achilles

He sailed, And still is here, but angry with the chiefs, Refuses to assist them.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 4
Rhesus arrives at Troy with numerous troops, threatening the Greek camp.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Troy]] · this night

Rhesus

Although the gods forbid you to destroy Hector or Paris, heard ye not that Rhesus, A mighty chief, with numerous troops is come To Troy? If he outlives this night, nor Ajax, Nor can Achilles hinder him from wasting The camp of Greece

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 4
Hector assigns Rhesus a separate position outside the Trojan lines.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 4 · till morn arise

Hector Rhesus

Hector hath placed him just without the lines Till morn arise; conspicuous in the gloom Of night, and close beside their sleeping lord

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 4
Athena orders Odysseus and Diomedes to kill Rhesus and seize his exceptional horses.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 4

Athena Odysseus Diomedes Rhesus

With his victorious spear: him slay, and all Is yours; but go not to the couch of Hector, Nor hope to leave that chief a weltering trunk, For he must perish by another hand.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 4
Paris awards Aphrodite the judgment prize, gaining her favor for Troy.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Paris Aphrodite

In thy behalf when I that judgment gave, I boast that for this city I obtained The greatest treasure life affords.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 5
Odysseus and Diomede slew Rhesus and seized his horses.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 5 · the dead of night

Odysseus Diomedes Rhesus

For we have slain the Thracian chief, and seized His coursers

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 5
Odysseus and Diomede escaped after the Greek guards accepted their watchword.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 5 · the dead of night

Odysseus Diomedes

Apollo. 2nd SEMICHOR. Thou art right; let not a spear Be lifted up against him.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 5
Rhesus was killed by a secret attack, destroying the Thracian host.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Ilion]] · this night

Rhesus

Our host is utterly destroyed, our king Hath been despatched by some foul secret stroke.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 5
Rhesus’s horses and chariot were carried away after his assassination.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 5 · midnight darkness

Rhesus

Bearing the steeds away, and glittering car, They by the swiftness of their feet escaped

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6
Odysseus slew Rhesus after he arrived at Ilion.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Odysseus Rhesus

For I a Muse Who by the wise am worshipped, hither come, One of the nine famed sisters, having seen The wretched fate of this my dearest son, Who by the foe was slain: but he who smote The generous youth, Ulysses, that dissembler

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6
Hector resolves to raise a tomb and funeral honors for Rhesus.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6

Hector Rhesus

His death Lamenting, will I raise a tomb to grace The corse of my ally, and o’er the flame Strew tissued vests

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6
Rhesus became monarch of Thrace after receiving his education from the nymphs.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Thrace]]

Rhesus

When, O my dearest son, thou hadst received The best of educations, thou becam’st Monarch of Thrace, the first of men.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6
Hector’s ambassadors persuaded Rhesus to come to Troy’s aid.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6

Hector Rhesus

Th’ ambassadors of Hector and the Senate, By oft repeated messages, persuaded To come to the assistance of thy friends.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6
Helen fled her bridal home and sought Paris’s adulterous bed in Troy.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Helen Paris

May Helen too partake their doom, Who from her bridal mansions fled, And sought th’ adulterer’s Phrygian bed

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6
Rhesus will be restored to life and exalted from mortal man to god.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Pangeum]]

Rhesus

With silver mines abounding, from a man Exalted to a god, restored to life, The priest of Bacchus, and of him who dwells Beneath Pangeum’s rock

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6
Achilles, son of Thetis, is fated to die.

Euripides, Rhesus — Scene 6 · ere long

Achilles Thetis

For by fate It is decreed, her offspring too shall die; But first our sisterhood, in choral plaints, Will sing of thee, O Rhesus, and hereafter Achilles, son of Thetis

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1
The Greeks sack Troy, and Priam is killed after Epeus sends the Trojan Horse through the gates.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Poseidon Apollo Epeus Athena Priam

Framed with a skilful hand, and through the gates Sent that accursed machine, the horse which teemed With ambushed javelins. Through forsaken groves, Through the polluted temples of the gods, Flow tides of crimson slaughter; at the base Of altars sacred to Hercæan Jove, Fell hoary Priam.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1
Polyxena is sacrificed and dies wretchedly at Achilles’ tomb.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1 · 📍 [[tomb of stern Achilles]]

Polyxena

At the tomb Of stern Achilles her unhappy daughter Polyxena died wretchedly

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1
Agamemnon forcibly takes Cassandra, whom Apollo inspired with prophetic gifts, as his captive bedmate.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1

Cassandra Apollo Agamemnon

That spotless virgin too whom from his shrine Apollo with prophetic gifts inspired, Cassandra, spurning every sacred rite, Did Agamemnon violently drag To his adulterous bed.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1
Helen becomes a captive after Troy’s fall and is taken with the returning Greek expedition.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Helen Menelaus

But they whom chance distributes not, remain Beneath yon roof selected by the chiefs Of the confederate army. Justly deemed A captive, among them is Spartan Helen:

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1
Hecuba loses her queenly status and becomes an aged slave imprisoned in Agamemnon’s tent.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Agamemnon’s tent]]

Hecuba Agamemnon

Here, alas! I sit In my loathed prison, Agamemnon’s tent; From princely mansions dragged, an aged slave

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1
Athena and Poseidon conspire with Zeus to destroy the Greeks’ returning fleet in storms.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Ilion’s coast]] · as to their homes from Ilion’s coast they sail

Athena Poseidon Zeus Agamemnon Menelaus

Their journey home I am resolved to make Most inauspicious. ... For Jove will send down rain, immoderate hail, And pitchy blasts of air; he promises To give me too his thunderbolts to smite The Greeks and fire their ships; but join your aid, Cause the Ægean deep with threefold waves

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 2
Agamemnon takes Cassandra as his concubine and chosen captive.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 2

Cassandra Agamemnon

Say who by lot hath gained my wretched daughter Cassandra? TAL. Her the royal Agamemnon His chosen prize hath taken. HEC. As a slave To tend his Spartan wife? ah, me! TAL. No slave, But concubine.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 2
Polyxena is condemned to die at Achilles’ tomb, released from all affliction.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Achilles’ tomb]]

Polyxena

At Achilles’ tomb It is decreed that she shall minister. HEC. Wretch that I am! for his sepulchral rites Have I then borne a priestess? but what law Is this, what Grecian usage, O my friend? TAL. Esteem your daughter happy; for with her All now is well. HEC. What saidst thou? doth she live? TAL. ’Tis her peculiar fate to be released From all affliction.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 2
Andromache is selected from the captives for Achilles’ son.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 2

Andromache

But, alas! what fortune Attends the warlike Hector’s captive wife, How fares it with the lost Andromache? TAL. Her to Achilles’ son hath from the band Of captives chosen.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 2
Odysseus wins Hecuba by lot, reducing the former queen to slavery.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 2

Hecuba Odysseus

As to me who need For a third foot, the staff which in these hands I hold, whose head is whitened o’er with age, To whom am I a slave? TAL. By lot the king Of Ithaca Ulysses hath obtained you.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3
Cassandra is taken as Agamemnon’s bride after Troy’s fall.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3

Cassandra Agamemnon

For I am now No more the spouse of Phœbus; but that king Of Greece, famed Agamemnon, shall in me Take to his arms a bride more inauspicious Than even Helen’s self

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3
Hecuba is destined to be taken to Odysseus’ house.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3

Hecuba Odysseus

Say’st thou, “To Ulysses’ house My mother shall be borne?”

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3
Hector falls in battle when the Greeks land on Ilion’s coast.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Hector

Now hear the fate Of Hector, him whom thou bewail’st, esteemed The bravest of our heroes, by the Greeks Landing on Ilion’s coast the warrior fell

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3
Paris marries Helen, precipitating the Trojan war.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3

Paris Helen

But Paris Wedded the daughter of imperial Jove, In her possessing an illustrious bride.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3
Cassandra foretells that her marriage will bring Agamemnon’s death and Atreus’ house down.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3

Cassandra Agamemnon

And lay his palace waste, in great revenge For my slain sire and brothers. But I cease These menaces, and speak not of the axe Which shall smite me and others, or the conflict My wedlock shall produce

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3
Cassandra prophesies Odysseus’ prolonged, disastrous return from Troy.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3 · Ten more long years elapsed

Cassandra Odysseus

Ten more long years elapsed beyond the term Spent in besieging Ilion, he alone Shall reach his country

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3
Cassandra foretells her own death and dishonored burial.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3 · At midnight

Cassandra

Thou in the tomb ignobly shalt be plunged At midnight; nor shall the auspicious beams Of day illumine thy funereal rites

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3
Hecuba collapses speechless onto the pavement.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 3

Hecuba

Behold ye not your mistress, how she falls Upon the pavement speechless?

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4
Priam is slain at the altar during Troy’s destruction.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4

Priam

these eyes beheld him slain, E’en at the altar of Hercæan Jove, And Ilion taken.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4
Hecuba’s sons are killed beneath hostile spears.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Hecuba

Them saw I fall beneath the hostile spear, And at their tomb these tresses cut

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4
Hecuba loses her daughters, who are torn from her arms.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4

Hecuba Cassandra Polyxena

I those blooming maids Have also lost, whom with maternal love I nurtured for some noble husband’s bed; They from these arms are torn

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4
Hecuba is condemned to be transported to Greece as an aged slave.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4 · 📍 [[Greece]]

Hecuba

an aged slave, shall I be borne To Greece

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4
Hecuba’s royal status is reduced to servitude after Troy’s fall.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4

Hecuba

but now a slave, Drag from the palace to the rushy mat And stony pillow

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4
Andromache is forcibly taken away by her Greek masters.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4

Andromache

Our Grecian masters drag me hence.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4
Andromache advances in a foreign chariot while Astyanax follows her.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 4

Andromache Astyanax

Seest thou, Andromache, O queen, this way Advancing, wafted in a foreign car? Eager to cling to the maternal breast Close follows her beloved Astyanax, The son of Hector.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5
Hector is slain, leaving Hecuba and Andromache bereft.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5

Hector

thy son was snatched From Pluto

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5
Cassandra is violently torn from Hecuba.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5 · But now

Cassandra Hecuba

Cassandra from these arms But now with brutal violence was torn!

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5
Polyxena is sacrificed at Peleus’ tomb.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5 · 📍 [[tomb of Peleus’ son]]

Polyxena

Polyxena, thy daughter, at the tomb Of Peleus’ son hath breathed her last, a gift To the deceased.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5
Andromache is captured and condemned to slavery in Greece.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5

Andromache

when I became A captive, Neoptolemus resolved To take me to his bed, and in the house Of murderers I to slavery am consigned.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5
Neoptolemus resolves to take the captive Andromache as his wife.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5

Neoptolemus Andromache

Neoptolemus resolved To take me to his bed

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5
The Greeks decree Astyanax’s death after Ulysses persuades the assembly.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Astyanax Andromache Odysseus

They resolve To slay thy son

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5
Astyanax is to be thrown from Ilion’s towers and denied a future with Andromache.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5 · 📍 [[towers of Ilion]]

Astyanax Andromache

He from the towers of Ilion must be thrown

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5
Hecuba is reduced to servitude after Troy’s overthrow.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Hecuba

thy city Is overthrown, thy husband is no more, Thou art reduced to servitude

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 6
Greece condemns Hector’s son to death and tears him from Andromache and Hecuba.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 6

Andromache Hecuba Hector

Whence ’tis by Greece decreed thy parting breath Shall issue. Take him hence.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 6
Telamon and Heracles conquer Ilion with their allied arms.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Telamon Heracles

By your confederate arms was Ilion won, When from thy Greece thou cam’st our city to destroy.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 6
Heracles kills Laomedon and devastates Ilion’s battlements.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Heracles Laomedon

Those who with dextrous hand could wing Th’ unerring shaft, till slaughter reached thy head, Laomedon, thou perjured king: Those battlements which Phœbus’ self did rear The victor wasted with devouring flame;

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 6
The Greek troops consign Helen to Menelaus, granting him power over her fate.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 6

Helen Menelaus

For the troops Whose arms redeemed her, have to me consigned That I might either take away, or spare Her life, and waft her to the Argive coast.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 6
Menelaus declares that he will kill Helen for the wrong she caused.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 6

Helen Menelaus

Thou by the utmost rigour of the laws Hast not been sentenced; but the host, to me Whom thou hast wronged, consign thee to be slain.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 7
Paris awarded the golden prize to Venus, who won the beauty contest against Minerva and Juno.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Ida’s mount]]

Paris Athena Hera Aphrodite

Seeking in sportive strife the palm of beauty They came to Ida’s mount.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 7
Helen fled Sparta with Paris and sailed toward the Cretan isle.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Sparta]]

Paris Helen

you behind you left, And sailed from Sparta to the Cretan isle.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 7
Deiphobus forcibly took Helen as his wife after Paris’s death.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 7

Deiphobus Helen

But a new husband, fierce Deiphobus, Obtained me for a wife by brutal force

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 7
Menelaus ordered Helen to be taken to the ships conveying her away.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 7

Menelaus Helen

O my followers Attend her, I command you, to the ships Which shall convey her hence.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 8
Menelaus decrees that Helen will be slain in Argos.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 8 · 📍 Argos

Menelaus Helen

According to thy wish; she shall not enter My bark: for thou hast uttered wholesome counsels: But soon as she in Argos’ lands, with shame, As she deserves, shall she be slain

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 8
Astyanax is thrown from Ilion’s ramparts and killed by the Greeks.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Astyanax

Of your unhappy Hector’s son, who perished From Ilion’s ramparts thrown

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 8
Neoptolemus departs for Phthia, taking Andromache with him.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Phthia’s coast]]

Neoptolemus Andromache

For Neoptolemus, Hearing that recent evils hath befall’n His grandsire Peleus, and that Pelias’ son Acastus hath expelled him from his realm, Already hath departed with such speed As would admit of no delay: with him Andromache is gone

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 8
Acastus expels Peleus from his realm.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 8

Acastus Peleus

Pelias’ son Acastus hath expelled him from his realm

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 8
Andromache entrusts Astyanax’s corpse to Hecuba for burial.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 8

Andromache Astyanax Hecuba

For she the corse Hath to your arms consigned, that you may grace it With many a fragrant garland, and with vests Such as your present fortunes will afford

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 9
Helen caused the young prince’s murder and the ruin of Hecuba’s house.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 9

Helen

But now hath Helen, by the gods abhorred, Stripped thee of all thou didst possess, and caused Thy murder, and the ruin of our house.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 9
Priam was slain and left uninterred by his friends.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 9

Priam

Slain, uninterred, abandoned by thy friends, Thou sure, O Priam, know’st not what I suffer.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 9
Troy was overthrown and destroyed by fire.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Zeus

But had not Jove O’erthrown and plunged us in the shades beneath, We had remained obscure

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 9
Hecuba was assigned to Ulysses as a slave and forced to leave her country.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 9

Hecuba Odysseus

Follow their steps who from Ulysses come. To whom thy fate consigns thee for a slave Far from thy country in a foreign land.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 9
The flames consumed Ilion’s walls, streets, and towers.

Euripides, The Trojan Captives — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Hecuba

The blaze Of Ilion glares, the fire hath caught the roofs, The streets of Pergamus, and crashing towers.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 1
Silenus kills Enceladus with his lance during the war against the giants.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 1

Silenus Enceladus

Piercing the buckler of Enceladus, I slew him with my lance.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 1
Pirates seize Dionysus, prompting Silenus to pursue them by sea.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 1

Dionysus Silenus

For since ’gainst thee Saturnia roused, To bear thee far away, Etruria’s race Of impious pirates, I soon caught th’ alarm, And sailed in quest of thee with all my children

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 1
Silenus and his satyrs are captured by Polypheme and reduced to slavery.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Ætna]]

Silenus Polypheme

By one of these Were we made captives, and beneath his roof To slavery are reduced. Our master’s name Is Polypheme

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 1
Silenus agrees to trade the Cyclops’s provisions for Odysseus’s wine.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Ætna]]

Odysseus Silenus

Produce them: while the day Yet lasts, should we conclude our merchandise.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 2
Silenus barters Polypheme’s lambs and cheeses to Odysseus’s party for wine without permission.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 2

Silenus Polypheme Odysseus

These lambs to us he bartered for our wine, And of his own accord, when he had drank, Yielded them up; no violence was used: But the account he gives is utter falsehood, Since he was caught without your privity Vending your goods.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 2
Odysseus reveals that he and his companions were born in Ithaca and destroyed Troy.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Ithaca]]

Odysseus

We in the realms of Ithaca were born; But after we had laid Troy’s bulwarks waste, O Cyclops, by those howling winds which raise The ocean’s boisterous surges, to your coast Our vessel was impelled.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 2
Polypheme orders the strangers killed and cooked after Silenus accuses them of stealing his goods.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 2

Polypheme Silenus Odysseus

Indeed! go whet the knives Without delay, collect a mighty pile Of wood, and light it up with flaming brands, They shall be slain immediately, and broiled To satisfy my appetite with viands Hot from the coals.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 2
Polypheme rejects Odysseus’s appeal to hospitality and declares that he will devour him.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 2

Polypheme Odysseus

I leave those gloomy lawgivers to weep, Who by their harsh impertinent restrictions Have chequered human life; but will indulge My genius, and devour thee.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 3
Polypheme kills and consumes two of Ulysses’s companions.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 3

Polypheme Odysseus

Two of my valiant comrades, whom he slew With calm deliberation; one he cast Into the hollow cauldron

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 3
Ulysses intoxicates Polypheme with wine.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 3

Odysseus Polypheme

But now grown feeble and o’ercharged with wine, Attracted by the goblet, as if birdlime Had smeared his wings, he wavers.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 3
Ulysses reveals his plan to blind Polypheme with a heated olive pole.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 3

Odysseus Polypheme

When overcome By Bacchus’ gifts he sleeps, this sword shall point An olive pole, which to my purpose suited Lies in the cave: I in the fire will heat, And, when it flames, direct the hissing brand Full on the Cyclops’ forehead, to extinguish The orb of sight.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 3
Intoxicated by wine, Polypheme resolves to revel with his brethren.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 3

Polypheme

By wine enlivened, he resolves to go And revel with his brethren.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 4
Polypheme threatens to devour Odysseus last among the crew.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 4

Polypheme Odysseus

The last of all the crew will I devour.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 4
Odysseus and the chorus prepare to burn out Polypheme’s eye while he sleeps.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 4 · 📍 [[the cave]]

Odysseus Polypheme

Come on, ye sons Of Bacchus, generous youths; for soon dissolved In slumber shall the monster from those jaws Vomit forth flesh, within the hall now smokes The brand, and nought remains but to burn out The Cyclops’ eye: act only like a man.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 5
Ulysses blinds Polypheme by burning out his eye.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 5

Odysseus Polypheme

Ah me! by burning coals I am deprived Of eyesight.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 5
Ulysses reveals his true name to Polypheme.

Euripides, The Cyclops — Scene 5

Odysseus Polypheme

Me my father named Ulysses.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1
Proteus married Psamathe after she left the bed of Aeacus.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Pharos]]

Proteus Psamathe

But Proteus, while he lived, of these domains Was lord, he in the isle of Pharos dwelt, King of all Ægypt; for his wife he gained One of the nymphs who haunt the briny deep, Fair Psamathe, after she left the bed Of Æacus;

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1
Venus promised Helen to Paris as a reward for judging her the fairest goddess.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Sparta]]

Aphrodite Helen Paris

But proposing For a reward, my beauty (if the name Of beauty suit this inauspicious form) And promising in marriage to bestow me On Paris, Venus conquered: for the swain Of Ida, leaving all his herds behind, Expecting to receive me for his bride, To Sparta came.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1
Juno thwarted Helen's marriage by giving Paris an image formed in her likeness.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Hera Helen Paris

But Juno, whose defeat Fired with resentment her indignant soul, Our nuptials frustrated; for to the arms Of royal Priam’s son, she gave not me, But in my semblance formed a living image Composed of ether. Paris falsely deemed That he possessed me;

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1
Mercury carried Helen to Proteus' house so she could preserve Menelaus' marriage bed.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Pharos]]

Hermes Helen Proteus Menelaus

But Mercury, receiving me in folds Of air, and covering with a cloud (for Jove Was not unmindful of me), in this house Of royal Proteus, who of all mankind Was in his judgment the most virtuous, placed me, That undefiled I might preserve the bed Of Menelaus.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1
Theoclymenus solicited Helen to marry him after Proteus died.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1 · since the darksome grave hath covered his remains

Theoclymenus Helen

the royal son Of the deceased solicits me to wed him:

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1
Ajax died by falling upon his own sword.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Aias

He fell, On his own blade, and perished.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1
Telamon banished Teucer from his native land after Ajax's death.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Salamis]]

Telamon Teucer

TEU. One of that miserable race the Greeks. HEL. No wonder is it then, if you detest The Spartan Helen. But to me declare, Who are you, whence, and from what father sprung? TEU. My name is Teucer, Telamon my sire; The land which nurtured me is Salamis. HEL. But wherefore do you wander o’er these meads Laved by the Nile? TEU. I from my native land Am banished. HEL. You, alas! must needs be wretched. Who drove you thence? TEU. My father Telamon.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2
Paris destroyed Ilion.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Ilion]]

Paris

The tidings which yon sailor brought Call forth these tears; for Ilion is no more, By him of Ida, that predicted flame Destroyed;

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2
Leda died by hanging after grieving over Helen’s supposed guilt.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2

Leda

By th’ ignominious noose is Leda dead Who my imaginary guilt deplored;

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2
Menelaus perished at sea.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2

Menelaus

And doomed by the relentless Fates in vain To tedious wanderings, my unhappy lord At length hath perished ’midst the billowy main:

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2
Castor and Pollux vanished from human sight and were reported dead.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2

Castor Pollux

My illustrious brothers, Castor and Pollux, called the sons of Jove, Are now no more.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2
Paris came to Helen’s palace intending to seize her as his bride.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2

Paris Helen

When to my palace, in an evil hour Caught by beauty’s magic power, He came to seize me for his bride?

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2
Hera sent Hermes, who transported Helen through the air to a distant land.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2

Hera Hermes Helen

And Juno seated on her golden throne, Consort of thundering Jove, Sent Hermes from the realms above, Who found me, when I carelessly had strewn Leaves plucked from roses in my vest, As Minerva’s votary drest; He bore me through the paths of air To this loathed, this dreary land,

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2
Helen was torn from her friends and consigned to servitude among barbarians.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2

Helen

Then the gods, ’Midst men of barbarous manners, placed me far From my loved country: torn from every friend, I languish here, to servitude consigned

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2
Helen was falsely branded as the murderer of Leda.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 2

Helen Leda

And I am deemed her murd’ress, though unjustly, Yet am I branded with this foul reproach;

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3
Menelaus has overthrown Troy and destroyed its battlements.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Menelaus

But I, most wretched, o’er the briny waves Of ocean wander, since I have o’erthrown The battlements of Troy

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3
Menelaus and Helen survive a shipwreck, while their vessel is destroyed.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3

Helen Menelaus

My vessel hath been shivered ’gainst the rocks Into a thousand fragments: on the keel, The only part which yet remains entire Of all that fabric, scarce could I and Helen, Whom I from Troy have borne, escape with life

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3
The shipwreck strips Menelaus of his clothing and every sign of his former royal status.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3

Menelaus

The sea Hath swallowed up my robes, my tissued vests, And every ensign of my former state.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3
Menelaus conceals Helen in a cave while seeking aid for his surviving comrades.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3

Helen Menelaus

Within the dark recesses of a cave Having concealed my wife, that guilty cause Of all my woes, and my surviving friends Enjoined to guard her, hither am I come.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3
Menelaus arrives in Egypt as a shipwrecked stranger seeking aid.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Egypt]]

Menelaus

Proteus here resides; This land is Egypt.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3
Proteus has died, and his son now rules Egypt.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Egypt]]

Proteus

To him belongs This tomb; his son is ruler of this land.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3
Menelaus learns that Helen dwells in Egypt and was there before the Trojan expedition.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Egypt]] · Before the Greeks went to Troy

Helen

Beneath these roofs Jove’s daughter Helen dwells. MEN. What mean’st thou? Ha! what words with wonder fraught Are these which thou hast uttered? O repeat them. FEMALE SER. The child of Tyndarus, she who in the realm Of Sparta erst abode. MEN. Whence came she hither? How can this be? FEMALE SER. From Lacedæmon’s realm. MEN. When? Hath my wife been torn from yonder cave? FEMALE SER. Before the Greeks, O stranger, went to Troy

Euripides, Helen — Scene 4
Theonoe reveals that Menelaus is alive and nearing Egypt after many hardships.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 4

Theonoe Helen Menelaus

for she says my lord Is living, and yet views the solar beams; But after passing o’er unnumbered straits Of ocean, to a vagrant’s wretched life Full long inured, on these Ægyptian coasts, When he his toils hath finished, shall arrive.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 4
Helen and Menelaus recognize one another as spouses, though Menelaus initially doubts her identity.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 4

Helen Menelaus

E’en the same, whom to your arms, A noble bride, my father Tyndarus gave.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 4
The phantom Helen vanishes, proving that the real Helen remained elsewhere.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 4

Helen Menelaus

Borne to the skies your consort from our sight Hath vanished, in the heavens is she concealed, Leaving the cave in which we guarded her

Euripides, Helen — Scene 4
Menelaus accepts the revelation, and the reunited spouses embrace joyfully.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 4

Helen Menelaus

These are the very words She uttered; and by what ye both aver The truth is ascertained. O happy day Which gives thee to my arms!

Euripides, Helen — Scene 4
Helen and Menelaus are fully reunited after the phantom’s disappearance.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 4

Helen Menelaus

My friends, transported I receive my lord Whom I once more with these fond arms enfold

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5
Menelaus learns that the gods replaced Helen with a cloud image during the Trojan War.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Nile]]

Helen Menelaus Hera

Not she: we were deceived By those immortal Powers, whose plastic hand Moulded a cloud into that baleful image. MES. What words are these you utter? have we toiled In vain, and only for an empty cloud? MEN. These deeds were wrought by Juno, and the strife ’Twixt the three goddesses.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5
Leda dies by hanging herself, overwhelmed by disgrace over Helen’s supposed marriage.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5

Leda Helen

Leda is no more. Around her neck she fixed the deadly noose On my account, through my unhappy nuptials O’erwhelmed with foul disgrace.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5
Hermione remains unmarried and childless while mourning Helen’s disgrace.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5

Helen Hermione

Yet unwedded, Yet childless, O my husband, she bewails My miserable ’spousals, my disgrace.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5
Menelaus confirms that the woman before him is his true wife Helen.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5

Helen Menelaus

MES. My daughter, O how variable is Jove, And how inscrutable! for he with ease Whirls us around, now here, now there; one suffers Full many toils; another, who ne’er knew What sorrow was, is swallowed up at once In swift perdition, nor in Fortune’s gifts A firm and lasting tenure doth enjoy. Thou and thy husband have endured a war,

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5
Helen warns that the Egyptian king will kill Menelaus because his arrival obstructs her bridal rite.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5

Helen Menelaus

Fly from these regions with your utmost speed: Or he to whom this house belongs will slay you. MEN. What have I done that merits such a fate? HEL. You hither come an unexpected guest, And are a hindrance to my bridal rite.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5
Helen and Menelaus decide to seek Theonoe’s silence so they can escape Egypt.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5

Helen Menelaus Theonoe

One only hope of safety yet remains. MEN. By gold can it be purchased, or depends it On dauntless courage, or persuasive words? HEL. Of your arrival if the monarch hear not. MEN. Who can inform him? he will never sure Know who I am. HEL. He hath a sure associate, Within his palace, equal to the gods. MEN. Some voice which from its inmost chambers sounds? HEL. No: ’tis his sister, her they call Theonoe. MEN. She bears indeed a most prophetic name; But say, what mighty deeds can she perform? HEL. All things she knows, and will inform her brother That you are here. MEN. We both, alas! must die, Nor can I possibly conceal myself. HEL. Could our united supplications move her? MEN. To do what action? Into what vain hope Wouldst thou mislead me? HEL. Not to tell her brother That you are in the land. MEN. If we prevail Thus far, can we escape from these domains? HEL. With ease, if she concur in our design, But not without her knowledge.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5
Helen vows to die beside Menelaus rather than submit to another marriage.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 5

Helen Menelaus

What sayst thou, wilt thou die, and never change Thy husband? HEL. By the self-same sword: my corse Shall lie beside you. MEN. To confirm the words Which thou hast spoken, take my hand. HEL. I take Your hand, and swear that after you are dead I will not live.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 6
Theonoe reveals that Hera seeks to return Menelaus and Helen to Sparta, while Aphrodite opposes their return.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 6 · this day

Theonoe Menelaus Helen Hera Aphrodite Paris

And Jove on thy account this day will hold A council; Juno who was erst thy foe, Now grown benignant, with thy consort safe To Sparta would convey thee, that all Greece May understand that the fictitious nuptials Of Paris, were the baleful gift of Venus. But Venus wants to frustrate thy return,

Euripides, Helen — Scene 6
Theonoe reveals that she can either destroy Menelaus by exposing him or save him by concealing his arrival.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 6

Theonoe Menelaus

I either can destroy thee, Which is the wish of Venus, by informing My brother thou art here; or save thy life By taking Juno’s side, and thy arrival Concealing from my brother

Euripides, Helen — Scene 6
Helen becomes Theonoe’s suppliant and asks her to conceal Menelaus and save his life.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 6

Helen Theonoe Menelaus

At thy knees I fall, O virgin, as a suppliant, and here take My miserable seat, both for myself, And him whom, scarce restored to me, I see Now on the verge of death. Forbear t’ inform Thy brother, that to these fond arms my lord Again is come. O save him, I implore thee;

Euripides, Helen — Scene 6
Menelaus vows to fight his opponent and kill Helen and himself if they are driven from the tomb by starvation.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 6

Menelaus Helen

Know then, O virgin, first I by an oath Have bound myself, your brother to encounter, And he, or I, must perish; the plain truth Is this. But foot to foot in equal combat. If he refuse to meet me, and attempt To drive us suppliants from the tomb by famine, My consort will I slay, and with the sword Here on this sepulchre my bosom pierce

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7
Theonoe commits to concealing Menelaus and Helen’s escape and refuses to aid her brother’s folly.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7

Theonoe Menelaus Helen

Therefore find Means to escape yourselves; for I will hence Depart in silence.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7
Menelaus consents to be declared dead so Helen can stage a funeral deception.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7

Helen Menelaus

But I, if any benefit arise From such report, consent to be called dead While I yet live.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7
Menelaus agrees to sail with Helen and place the funeral trappings aboard the same vessel.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7

Helen Menelaus

Thou hast again Removed this obstacle: I then with thee Will sail, and the funereal trappings place In the same vessel.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7
Menelaus and the escaped mariners plan to seize a ship by force for their escape.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7

Menelaus Helen

If we find A bark at anchor, with our falchions armed In one collected band will we assail And board it.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7
Theoclymenus orders his servants to search for the Greek intruder and kill him if captured.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7

Theoclymenus

But if I seize him, he shall die.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7
Theoclymenus discovers Menelaus and Helen still concealed beneath the tomb’s roof.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7

Theoclymenus Helen Menelaus

Yet stay; for I behold Those we pursue still here beneath this roof, Nor are they fled.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7
Helen falsely tells Theoclymenus that Menelaus has died.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 7

Helen Theoclymenus Menelaus

My Menelaus, (Ah, how shall I express myself?) is dead.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8
Helen reports that Menelaus died at sea, causing Theoclymenus to believe her first husband is dead.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8 · 📍 Libya

Helen Menelaus Theoclymenus

Most wretchedly, engulfed amid the waves. THEOC. Where? as he passed o’er the barbarian seas? HEL. Dashed on the rocks of Libya, which affords No haven.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8
Helen accepts Theoclymenus’s marriage proposal and urges him to begin the nuptial rite.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8

Helen Theoclymenus

But I will fly no longer: haste, begin The nuptial rite.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8
Helen and Theoclymenus end their strife and agree to reconciliation.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8

Helen Theoclymenus

Let us conclude The peace, and O be reconciled. THEOC. All strife With thee I to the winds of heaven consign.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8
Theoclymenus agrees to provide funeral rites, a vessel, offerings, and ornaments for the supposedly dead Menelaus.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8

Helen Menelaus Theoclymenus

Perform funereal rites, and heap the tomb On any ground thou wilt.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8
Theoclymenus orders a Phoenician vessel for Menelaus’s burial offerings at sea.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8

Theoclymenus Menelaus

Ye shall have A swift Phœnician vessel.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8
Theoclymenus undertakes to bring rich ornaments from the palace for Helen’s funeral plan.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8

Theoclymenus Helen

I will enter The palace, and from thence for the deceased Bring forth rich ornaments;

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8
Theoclymenus declares Menelaus dead and urges Helen to love her present husband instead.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 8

Theoclymenus Menelaus

For clearly I perceive That you are wretched now. But torture not Thy bosom with unprofitable cares, O hapless woman, for thy Menelaus Is now no more, nor can the dead revive.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 9
Helen disguises and arms Menelaus, preparing him to escape by ship.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 9

Helen Menelaus

Exchanging those unseemly weeds which clothe The shipwrecked mariner, in splendid robes Have I arrayed him

Euripides, Helen — Scene 9
Helen reveals that their escape scheme depends on concealing Menelaus’s survival from Theoclymenus.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 9

Helen Menelaus Theoclymenus

For Proteus’ royal daughter, in our schemes Conspiring when her brother questioned her About my lord, no information gave Of his arrival

Euripides, Helen — Scene 9
Theoclymenus orders a fifty-oared Tyrian ship to carry out the supposed funeral rites.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 9

Theoclymenus Helen Menelaus

Go thou, and furnish them a Tyrian bark Of fifty oars, with skilful sailors manned.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 9
Theoclymenus grants Menelaus authority over the sailors during the voyage.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 9

Theoclymenus Helen Menelaus

My sailors must to him Yield an implicit deference.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 9
Theoclymenus orders bridal gifts and announces his intended marriage to Helen.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 9

Theoclymenus Helen

And bid the nobles bear into my house The bridal gifts: for the whole earth is bound To celebrate in one consenting hymn My blest espousals with the lovely Helen.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10
Apollo accidentally slew Hyacinthus while hurling his quoit at games.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10 · 📍 [[Laconian strand]]

Apollo Hyacinthus

Fair stripling, whom with luckless hand Unwitting did Apollo slay At games that crowned the festive day, Hurling his quoit on the Laconian strand;

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10
Menelaus secretly carried Helen away from Ægypt after pretending to be dead.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10 · 📍 [[Ægypt]]

Helen Menelaus

Her o’er the briny main From Ægypt’s shores, hath Menelaus wafted, Who came in person with a feigned account Of his own death.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10
Helen boarded the ship, followed by Menelaus, while their supporters concealed their swords.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10

Helen Menelaus

with graceful foot Helen, the steps ascending, took her seat On the mid deck; and Menelaus near her, E’en he who they pretended was no more.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10
Menelaus sacrificed the bull and prayed for safe passage with Helen from the hostile land.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10

Menelaus

Then seized with his right hand the falchion, leaped Upon the prow, and standing o’er the bull The victim ... thus prayed: “O Neptune, Who in the ocean dwell’st, and ye chaste daughters Of Nereus, to the Nauplian shore convey Me and my consort, from this hostile land, In safety.”

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10
Menelaus and the Greeks defeated Theoclymenus’s sailors in a violent battle aboard the ship.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10

Menelaus Helen Theoclymenus

A tide of slaughter Ran down the ship. But Helen from the poop The Greeks encouraged ... But Menelaus ... Driving us headlong from the lofty deck Into the waves, and forced your mariners To quit their oars.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10
Menelaus seized the rudder and sailed with Helen toward Greece.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10

Menelaus Helen

But the victorious king Now seized the rudder, and to Greece declared He would convey the ship: they hoisted up The stately mast; propitious breezes came; They left the land;

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10
Theoclymenus learned that Helen had departed from his realm and was told to seek another wife.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 10

Theoclymenus Helen

Seek another wife, For Helen hath departed from this realm.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11
Theoclymenus resolves to kill Theonoe for helping Helen and Menelaus escape.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11

Theoclymenus Theonoe

But I now will punish That sister who betrayed me

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11
Theoclymenus attempts to attack Theonoe, but the chorus prevents him from killing her.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11

Theoclymenus Theonoe

Kill me. Your sister you with my consent Shall never slay

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11
Castor and Pollux command Theoclymenus to restrain his anger and spare Theonoe.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11 · 📍 [[Ægypt’s realm]]

Castor Pollux Theoclymenus

Restrain that ire that hurries thee away Beyond the bounds of reason, O thou king Of Ægypt’s realm

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11
Castor and Pollux direct Helen and Menelaus to sail together toward their country.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11

Castor Pollux Helen Menelaus

Sail with your husband, for a prosperous breeze Your voyage shall attend

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11
Castor and Pollux promise to guide Helen and Menelaus across the waves.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11

Castor Pollux Helen Menelaus

We your protectors And your twin brothers, on our coursers borne Over the waves, will guide you to your country

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11
Helen will become a goddess and receive worship alongside Castor and Pollux.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11 · after you have finished life’s career

Helen Zeus Castor Pollux

But after you have finished life’s career, You shall be called a goddess, shall partake With us the rich oblations

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11
An image of Helen is created to prevent Paris from marrying her.

Euripides, Helen — Scene 11

Paris Helen

formed by stealth from the aërial mansions An image of your person, to prevent Paris from wedding you

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 1
Achilles slew Hector during the sack of Troy.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Achilles Hector

I saw My husband Hector by Achilles slain

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 1
Astyanax was thrown from Troy’s towers after the city was sacked.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Astyanax

that unhappy son whom to my lord I bore, Astyanax, from Troy’s high towers Thrown headlong; when our foes had sacked the city

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 1
Andromache was bestowed upon Neoptolemus as a captive reward for his victorious arms.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 1

Andromache Neoptolemus

Myself descended from a noble line Of freeborn warriors, reached the Grecian coast, On Neoptolemus that island prince For the reward of his victorious arms Bestowed

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 1
Neoptolemus married Hermione after taking Andromache as his unwilling partner.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 1

Andromache Neoptolemus Hermione

since my lord (Spurning my servile couch) that Spartan dame Hermione espoused

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 1
Andromache sought asylum in Thetis’ temple to escape death.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 1 · 📍 [[Thetis’ temple]]

Andromache

Fearing his rage, I near the palace take My seat, in Thetis’ temple, that the goddess From death may save me

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 2
Helen caused Achilles’ death.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 2

Achilles Helen

Your mother Helen caused his death, not I.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 2
Hermione resolves to drive Andromache from the temple before Achilles’ son returns.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 2

Hermione Andromache

From this asylum Soon will I rouse thee by thy own consent, I with such baits am furnished, but conceal My purpose, which th’ event itself ere long Will make conspicuous.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3
Aphrodite won the beauty contest after Hermes brought the goddesses before Paris.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3 · 📍 [[sacred Ida]]

Hermes Aphrodite Paris

When he through sacred Ida’s piny grove Guided the car of three immortal dames, (The golden prize of beauty to obtain, In hateful strife engaged, who urged their claims); To where in his mean hut abode a lonely swain. I. 2. No sooner had they reached the destined bower, Than in the limpid spring her snowy frame Each goddess laved; to Priam’s son then came With artful speeches of such winning power As might beguile the rash and amorous boy: Venus prevailed; her words, though sweet their sound, Proved of destructive consequence to Troy,

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3
Cassandra urged that Paris be killed, but the princes ignored her warning.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3 · When new-born Paris first beheld the light

Paris Cassandra Priam

When new-born Paris first beheld the light, Would that his mother, o’er her head, this brand Ordained by Heaven to fire his native land, Had cast, before he dwelt on Ida’s height. Unheeded from the bay’s prophetic shade Exclaimed Cassandra: “Let the child be slain; Kill him, or Priam’s empire is betrayed.” Frantic she raved and sued to every prince in vain.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3
Troy was destroyed, Hector died, and Andromache was enslaved and taken to Phthia.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3 · 📍 [[Phthia]]

Andromache Hector

I to my master’s bed By force was dragged: yet me alone, not him The author of that crime, thou mean’st to slay. Thou, the first cause o’erlooking, on th’ effect Which it produces, vent’st thy rage. What woes Encompass wretched me! alas! my country! How dreadful are the wrongs which I endure! But wherefore was I doomed to bear a child, And to the burden under which I groan Add a new burden? what delight can life To me afford? or on what fortunes past Or present should I turn these eyes which saw The corse of Hector by the victor’s car Whirled round the walls, and wretched Troy a heap Of blazing ruins? I meantime a slave By my dishevelled hair was dragged aboard The Argive navy; when I reached the coast Of Phthia, and cohabited with those Who slew my Hector;

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3
Menelaus brought Molossus secretly from the shrine, changing his custody.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3

Menelaus Molossus Andromache

Your son I hither bring, whom from this fane With secrecy, you to another house, Without my daughter’s knowledge, had removed.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3
Andromache left the altar and surrendered herself to save Molossus from death.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3

Andromache Molossus

Lo! I leave the altar And now am in thy hands, stab, slay me, bind, Strain hard the deadly noose. My son, thy mother, To rescue thee from an untimely grave, Descends the shades beneath;

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3
Menelaus revealed that he had lured Andromache away by threatening Molossus’s death.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3 · 📍 [[shrine of Thetis]]

Menelaus Andromache Molossus

I proposed to slay Your son, that you might leave that hallowed altar Of Thetis, and thus craftily induced you To fall into my hands, and meet your death; Be well assured, such is the present state Of your affairs:

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3
Menelaus handed Molossus to his daughter, who would decide whether to kill or spare him.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 3

Menelaus Molossus

No, I will not, But give him to my daughter, who must act As she thinks fit.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 4
Menelaus sentences Andromache and Molossus to death as enemies threatening his household.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 4

Menelaus Andromache Molossus

Go both together to th’ infernal realm: For ye from hostile turrets hither came.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 4
Peleus intervenes and orders Andromache’s chains removed, threatening disobedient guards.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 4

Peleus Andromache Molossus

My orders are that you those galling chains Unbind and loose her hands, else will I make The disobedient weep.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 4
Menelaus rejects Peleus’s order and asserts authority over Andromache.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 4

Menelaus Peleus

But I, your equal, Who have much more authority o’er her, Forbid them.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 4
Peleus threatens to strike Menelaus for enforcing the execution.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 4

Peleus Menelaus

Thy head I with this sceptre Will smite.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5
Helen fled her native realm with Paris, abandoning Menelaus.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5

Helen Paris Menelaus

thy Helen ought To have proposed these questions, ere she left Her native realm, regardless of thy love, And by that youthful paramour seduced, Wantonly fled into a foreign land.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5
Paris killed Achilles with a missile during the Trojan conflict.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5

Paris Achilles

For Paris, by whose shaft, Transpierced, Achilles perished, was the brother,

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5
Andromache became Hector’s wife.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5

Hector Andromache

And she the wife of Hector

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5
Peleus killed his brother Phocus.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5

Peleus Phocus

And would that you had done like me, nor slain Your brother Phocus;

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5
Menelaus seized Andromache from Peleus, intending to kill her.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Phthia]]

Menelaus Andromache Peleus

These mischiefs both to you and me, old man, Foreseeing, have I snatched her from your hands With a design to kill her.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5
Peleus rescued Andromache and her child from Menelaus’s custody.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 5 · 📍 [[Phthia]]

Peleus Andromache

On thee and thy descendants may the gods Shower every blessing, venerable man, For having saved this child, and wretched me;

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 6
Hermione resolves to die after recognizing her guilt in attempting murder.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Phthia]] · this day

Hermione

Hermione my mistress, by her sire Forsaken, and grown conscious of the guilt She hath incurred, by that attempt to murder Andromache and her unhappy son, Resolves to die

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 6
Hermione attempts suicide, but her attendants prevent her from hanging or stabbing herself.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Phthia]]

Hermione

The servants who attend Can hardly by their vigilance prevent her From fixing round her neck the deadly noose, Or snatch the dagger from her hand

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 6
Hermione confesses that she attempted to kill Andromache and her son, but failed.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Phthia]]

Hermione Andromache Molossus

I would have killed Her and her spurious son.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 6
Menelaus is defeated by Peleus and abandons Hermione.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Phthia]]

Menelaus Hermione

Abashed he fled, and left me here alone.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 6
Hermione seeks Orestes’ protection and begs him to remove her from Phthia.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Phthia]]

Hermione Orestes

Our grandsire, I conjure you, send me far From these domains, or to my father’s house.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7
Hermione was affianced to Orestes by her father before being promised to another man.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7

Hermione Orestes

Affianced thee to me, and then to him

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7
Hermione departed with Orestes from her husband’s house.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7

Hermione Orestes

[Exeunt] ORESTES and HERMIONE.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7
Orestes prepared deadly snares for Achilles’ son.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Delphi]]

Orestes

This hand Hath with such cautious artifice prepared For him th’ inevitable snares of death

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7
Atrides was slain by his wife.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7

Agamemnon

Slain by his wife Atrides fell;

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7
Orestes killed his mother in revenge for Atrides’ murder.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7

Orestes

His furious son sent to the shades of Hell The murderess, and returned th’ unnatural deed

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7
Phoebus’s oracle moved Orestes to commit matricide.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 7

Orestes Apollo

When young Orestes at the inmost shrine Was by a heavenly impulse moved, His hands in gore maternal to imbrue

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 8
Orestes conveys Hermione away from the realm.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 8

Hermione Orestes

The son Of Agamemnon from this land conveyed her.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 8
Orestes plots to have Neoptolemus killed at Apollo’s sanctuary.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Delphi]]

Orestes Neoptolemus

Thy grandson too he meditates to slay. PEL. Stationed in secret ambush, or resolved To meet the dauntless warrior face to face? CHOR. Beneath Apollo’s unpolluted fane With Delphi’s citizens.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 8
Neoptolemus is killed by Delphic citizens during the attack at Apollo’s sanctuary.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 8 · 📍 [[Delphi]]

Neoptolemus

Achilles’ son then smitten through the flank With a keen sword, by one of Delphi fell, Who slew him, yet ignobly, with the aid Of multitudes.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 9
Peleus is left childless after the deaths of his sons.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 9

Peleus

I have no children, no descendants left, To occupy these mansions.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 9
Thetis reveals that Achilles has been lost and mourns her dead son.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 9

Thetis Achilles

I who should have borne A race of children such as ne’er might cause My tears to stream, have lost the son who crowned Our hopes, Achilles, swift of foot, the first Of Grecian heroes.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 9
Thetis orders Peleus to bury Achilles’ slaughtered son at Delphi.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Delphi’s city]]

Peleus Thetis Achilles

Back to that altar Devoted to the Pythian god, convey This body of Achilles’ slaughtered son, And bury it; so shall his tomb declare The murderous violence Orestes’ band Committed

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 9
Thetis assigns Andromache in marriage to Helenus and sends her to dwell in Molossia.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Molossia’s land]]

Andromache Helenus

but yon captive dame, I mean Andromache, on Helenus bestowed In marriage, in Molossia’s land must dwell

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 9
Thetis promises to make Peleus immortal and let him reside with her as a god.

Euripides, Andromache — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Nereus’ watery mansions]]

Peleus Thetis

From all the ills which wait on human life Releasing, thee immortal will I make And incorruptible; with me a goddess In Nereus’ watery mansions thou a god Hereafter shalt reside

Euripides, Electra — Scene 1
Agamemnon is murdered.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 1

Agamemnon

the son and daughter of the murdered king, Agamemnon

Euripides, Electra — Scene 1
Orestes kills Aegisthus in revenge for Agamemnon’s death.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 1 · after seven years

Orestes Aegisthus

Orestes, after seven years, succeeds in slaying his foe Aegisthus, who had killed his father.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 1
Orestes and Electra kill Clytemnestra and Aegisthus.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 1 · in due course of revenge

Orestes Electra Clytemnestra Aegisthus

It narrates how the son and daughter of the murdered king, Agamemnon, slew, in due course of revenge, and by Apollo's express command, their guilty mother and her paramour.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 1
Orestes becomes an exile and loses his kingdom.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 1

Orestes

The son is an exile, bred in the desperate hopes and wild schemes of exile; he is a prince without a kingdom

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2
Clytemnestra trapped and slew Agamemnon after his return from war.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2

Clytemnestra Agamemnon

His own wife trapped and slew him.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2
Aegisthus became Clytemnestra’s husband and ruled Argos.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2

Aegisthus Clytemnestra

Aegisthus hath his queen, and reigns among His people.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2
Orestes was secretly taken from Argos and delivered to King Strophios for protection.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2 · 📍 [[Phocis]]

Orestes Strophius

Orestes, ere Aegisthus' hand could fall, Was stolen from Argos--borne by one old thrall, Who served his father's boyhood, over seas Far off, and laid upon King Strophios' knees In Phocis

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2
Clytemnestra pleaded with Aegisthus and saved Electra from being killed.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2

Clytemnestra Electra

Then her mother, she so wild Aforetime, pled with him and saved her child.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2
Aegisthus decreed a reward for whoever killed Orestes.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2 · After that day

Aegisthus Orestes

Aegisthus thus decreed: whoso should slay The old king's wandering son, should win rich meed Of gold

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2
Aegisthus ordered Electra to marry a poor man to prevent vengeance against him.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2 · After that day

Aegisthus Electra

and for Electra, she must wed With me, not base of blood--in that I stand True Mycenaean--but in gold and land Most poor

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2
Orestes secretly returned to Argos to avenge Agamemnon’s murder.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 2 · 📍 Argos · This very night

Orestes

I am come, Fresh from the cleansing of Apollo, home To Argos--and my coming no man yet Knoweth--to pay the bloody twain their debt Of blood.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3
Clytemnestra and Aegisthus kill Agamemnon after his return from Troy.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3

Agamemnon Clytemnestra Aegisthus

Till a wife stood waiting thee; Not with crowns did she stand, Nor flowers of peace in her hand; With Aegisthus' dagger drawn For her hire she strove, Through shame and through blood alone; And won her a traitor's love.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3
Clytemnestra becomes wed to Aegisthus after Agamemnon's murder.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3

Clytemnestra Aegisthus

But our mother lieth wed In another's arms, and blood Is about her bed.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3
Electra reveals that she is married to a poor, god-fearing man.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3

Electra

Stranger, I am a wife.... O better dead!

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3
Orestes reveals to Electra that her exiled brother is alive.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3

Orestes Electra

A word I bear to thee... Word of thy brother. ELECTRA. Oh, friend! More than friend! Living or dead? ORESTES. He lives; so let me send My comfort foremost, ere the rest be heard.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3
Electra vows to kill Clytemnestra with the axe that slew Agamemnon.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3

Electra Clytemnestra

Let me shed my mother's blood, And I die happy.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3
Aegisthus leaves Agamemnon's grave dishonored and publicly mocks the dead king.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 3

Agamemnon Aegisthus

The grave of Agamemnon, even now, Lacketh the common honour of the dead; A desert barrow, where no tears are shed, No tresses hung, no gift, no myrtle spray. And when the wine is in him, so men say, Our mother's mighty master leaps thereon, Spurning the slab, or pelteth stone on stone, Flouting the lone dead

Euripides, Electra — Scene 4
Orestes and Pylades receive hospitality and entry into the Peasant’s house.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 4

Orestes Pylades

Be welcome, strangers both, and pass below My lintel. In return for your glad words Be sure all greeting that mine house affords Is yours.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 4
Electra recognizes Orestes as her long-lost brother when the Old Man identifies his scar.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 4

Electra Orestes

There, by his brow, I see The scar he made, that day he ran with thee Chasing thy fawn, and fell. ELECTRA (in a dull voice). A scar? 'Tis so. I see a scar.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5
Electra recognizes Orestes and embraces him after his unexpected return.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5 · At last

Electra Orestes

Thy sign hath conquered me.... (throwing herself into ORESTES' arms). At last, at last!

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5
Orestes accepts the plan to kill Aegisthus and Clytemnestra.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5

Orestes Aegisthus Clytemnestra

Strike down Aegisthus ... and thy mother.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5
The Old Man reveals that Aegisthus is holding a sacrificial feast in the pastures.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5 · But now

Orestes Aegisthus

But now I saw Aegisthus, close at hand As here I journeyed.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5
Electra devises a false childbirth story to lure Clytemnestra to her.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5 · the tenth morn

Electra Clytemnestra

Tell Clytemnestra ... tell her I lie sick, New-mothered of a man-child.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5
Orestes sets out to approach Aegisthus at the feast and carry out the attack.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5 · this day

Orestes Aegisthus

Thou standest in the van of war this day.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5
Electra prepares to kill herself if Orestes dies during the attack.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 5

Electra Orestes

And if we hear that thou art dead, Then comes the other end!--Lo, I have said.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 6
Thyestes steals the Golden Lamb after winning his brother’s bride to his will.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 6 · when the world was still

Thyestes

For, lo, when the world was still, With his brother's bride he lay, And won her to work his will, And they stole the Lamb away!

Euripides, Electra — Scene 6
Orestes kills Aegisthus, avenging Agamemnon’s murder.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Mycenae]] · this day

Orestes Aegisthus

Up with a leap thy brother flashed the sword, Then down upon his neck, and cleft the cord Of brain and spine.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 6
The household recognizes Orestes and crowns him after Aegisthus’s death.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 6 · 📍 [[Mycenae]]

Orestes

Then with one accord They crowned thy brother's temples, and outpoured joy and loud songs.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 7
Orestes confirms that he has slain Aegisthus, Agamemnon’s murderer.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 7

Orestes Aegisthus

In very deed I come from slaying him. Thou hast the knowledge clear, but lo, I bring More also. See himself, dead!

Euripides, Electra — Scene 7
Electra crowns Orestes and Pylades in celebration of their victory over Aegisthus.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 7

Electra Orestes Pylades

Brother, and take to bind thy rippling hair My crowns!.... O what are crowns, that runners wear For some vain race? But thou in battle true Hast felled our foe Aegisthus

Euripides, Electra — Scene 7
Orestes accepts the plan to kill Clytemnestra and enters the house to carry it out.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 7

Orestes Clytemnestra

Aye. So be it.--I have ta'en A path of many terrors: and shall do Deeds horrible. 'Tis God will have it so.... Is this the joy of battle, or wild woe? [He goes into the house.]

Euripides, Electra — Scene 7
Agamemnon sacrifices Iphigenia at Aulis.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 7 · 📍 [[Aulis]]

Agamemnon Iphigenia

He bore To Aulis and the dark ship-clutching shore, He held above the altar-flame, and smote, Cool as one reaping, through the strainèd throat, My white Iphigenia

Euripides, Electra — Scene 7
Clytemnestra confesses that she killed Agamemnon after he sacrificed Iphigenia.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 7

Clytemnestra Agamemnon

The lords of all the wrong Must hear no curse!--I slew him. I trod then The only road: which led me to the men He hated.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 8
Electra gives birth to a male child.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 8 · on the tenth night

Electra

It reached thee, My word that a man-child is born to me?

Euripides, Electra — Scene 8
Orestes and Electra kill Clytemnestra and Aegisthus.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 8

Orestes Electra Clytemnestra Aegisthus

The door bursts open, and ORESTES and ELECTRA come forth in disorder. Attendants bring out the bodies of CLYTEMNESTRA and AEGISTHUS.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 8
Orestes acknowledges killing both Clytemnestra and Aegisthus.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 8

Orestes Clytemnestra Aegisthus

Gathered as one they lie Slain; and the slayer was I, I, to pay for my pain!

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9
Orestes kills Clytemnestra with Electra’s assistance.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9 · this day

Orestes Electra Clytemnestra

And the sword found her throat. ELECTRA. I gave thee the sign and the word; I touched with mine hand thy sword.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9
Castor orders Electra to marry Pylades.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9

Castor Orestes Electra Pylades

The maid Electra thou shalt give for wife To Pylades; then turn thy head and flee

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9
Castor commands Orestes to flee Argos and live in exile.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9 · 📍 Argos

Castor Orestes

Fare forth where Zeus and Fate have laid thy life. The maid Electra thou shalt give for wife To Pylades; then turn thy head and flee From Argos' land.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9
Orestes is destined to face trial for Clytemnestra’s blood and go free by equal judgment.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Ares' field]]

Castor Orestes

There shalt thou stand arraignèd of this blood; And of those judges half shall lay on thee Death, and half pardon; so shalt thou go free.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9
Castor reveals that Helen never entered Troy, because Zeus sent only her wraith.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9 · 📍 [[Troy]]

Zeus Helen

From Egypt comes she, and the hall Of Proteus, and in Troy hath ne'er at all Set foot. 'Twas but a wraith of Helen, sent By Zeus, to make much wrath and ravishment.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9
Electra departs Argos with Pylades to begin their married life.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9 · 📍 Argos

Electra Pylades

Go, Pylades, And God go with you! Wed in peace My tall Electra, and be true. [ELECTRA and PYLADES depart to the left.]

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9
Orestes departs Argos in exile, pursued by the avenging Spirits.

Euripides, Electra — Scene 9 · 📍 Argos

Orestes

But on: Dread feet are near thee, hounds of prey, Snake-handed, midnight-visaged, yea, And bitter pains their fruit! Begone! [ORESTES departs to the right.]

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